Characterization of Wnt genes in Argopecten scallops and their involvement in response to different temperature stresses in“Bohai Red”scallops

As“Bohai Red”scallops were originated from the hybrids between the Peruvian scallop(Argopecten purpuratus)and the bay scallop(Argopecten irradians)northern subspecies(Argopecten irradians irradians).Twelve Wnt members were identified from the two subspecies of bay scallop,and 13 Wnt genes were found in the genome of the Peruvian scallop.Protein structure analyses showed that most Wnt genes poses all 5 conserved motifs except Wnt1,Wnt2,Wnt6,and Wnt9 in the bay scallops and Wnt2 and Wnt9 in the Peruvian scallop.Unexpectedly,Wnt8 gene was present while Wnt3 was absent in both the bay scallops and the Peruvian scallop.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Wnt3 might have disappeared in the early evolution of mollusks.The expression profile of Wnt genes in the“Bohai Red”exposed to different temperatures was examined by qRT-PCR.Results show that expression of Wnt genes responded differentially to temperature changes.The Wnt genes such as Wnt1,Wnt6,Wnt7,Wnt11,and WntA that responded slowly to low and high temperature stresses may be related to the maintenance of basic homeostasis.Other Wnt genes such as Wnt4,Wnt9,Wnt5,and Wnt2 that responded rapidly to low temperature may play an important role in organismal protection against low temperature stress.And yet some Wnt genes including Wnt10,Wnt16,and Wnt8 that responded quickly to high temperature stress may play key roles in response to high temperature stress.The results provide new insights into the evolution and function of Wnt genes in bivalves and eventually benefit culture of“Bohai Red”scallops.

The suitability assessment on site selection for bottom seeding scallop culture based on analytic hierarchy process

Scallop culture is an important way of bottom-seeding marine ranching,which is of great significance to improve the current situation of fishery resources.However,there are some problems in site-selection evaluation of marine ranching,such as imperfect criteria system,complex structure,untargeted criteria quantification,etc.In addition,no site-selection evaluation method of bottom-seeding culture areas for scallops is available.Therefore,we established a hierarchy structure model according to the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)theory,in which social,physical,chemical,and biological environments are used as main criteria,and marine functional zonation,water depth,current,water temperature,salinity,substrate type,water quality,sediment quality,red tide,phytoplankton,and zooplankton are used as sub-criteria,on which a multi-parameter evaluation system is set up.Meanwhile,the dualism method,assignment method,and membership function method were used to quantify sub-criteria,and a quantitative evaluation for the entire criteria was added,including the evaluation and analysis of two types of unsuitable environmental situations.By overall consideration in scallop yield,quality,and marine ranching construction objectives,the weight of the main criteria could be determined.Five grades in the suitability corresponding to the evaluation result were divided,and the Python language was used to create an evaluation system for efficient calculation and intuitive presentation of the evaluation outcome.Eight marine cases were simulated based on existing survey data,and the results prove that the method is feasible for evaluating and analyzing the site selection of bottom-seeding culture areas for scallops under various environmental situations.The proposed evaluation method can be promoted for the site selection of bottom-seeding marine ranching.This study provided theoretical and methodological references for the site selection evaluation of other types of marine ranching.

Relationships of growth and mortality to enzymatic activity,and the relative mRNA expression of cultured scallops Patinopecten yessoensis in the Yellow Sea, China

The bottom aquaculture of yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) has developed rapidly in the north of Yellow Sea, China, but not without accompanying productivity problems. We, therefore, conducted field surveys to investigate factors related to growth and mortality rates of bottom-cultured scallops after release. Specifically, we focused on the effects of total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and three key enzymes involved in antioxidant and metabolic function:glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Across summer and winter, we also measured the relative mRNA expression of GPT and SOD to understand their seasonal variation in the scallops, along with how such variation correlated to growth and mortality. Results show that bottom cultured scallops experienced mass mortality during the first six months post-release. During winter (December), scallops grew more rapidly and suffered less mortality than in summer (August). The observed lower performance probably resulted from less advantageous environmental factors during the summer seasons, such as high temperature and low dissolved oxygen. These environmental stressors enhance protein consumption while decreasing energetic resources in scallops. Furthermore, scallops in summer exhibited high antioxidant levels that probably competed for energy with process integral to growth and survival. These negative factors combined to elevate mortality rates. In conclusion, we provided evidence suggesting correlations between metabolic/antioxidant activity and growth and mortality of bottom-cultured yesso scallops. These correlations implied us an accurate method to estimate the performance of bottom culture system. Suggestions about innovative aquaculture techniques were also discussed in the study. Our results might provide a possible guideline to the improvement of bottom culture techniques for this commercially valuable seafood species.

Yield trait improvement of bay scallops following complete diallel crosses between different scallop stocks

This study describes the complete diallel hybridization between newly introduced bay scallop stock(W) from Canada and local commercial stock(D) grown under laboratory conditions, in China. Larval survival and growth during all life stages(larvae, spat, and adult) were compared among hybrid(DW, WD) and purebred(DD, WW) populations. Signifi cant heterosis was detected for survival during the larval stage(>1% of the mid-parent values). The mean heterosis( H m) varied in growth throughout the life span. More than 50% of the H m values were positive and negative in the DW and WD groups, respectively. The infl uence of maternal effects and mating types(intrapopulation vs. interpopulation crosses) on growth for all life stages was not consistent. Larval survival did not differ signifi cantly( P >0.05) with maternal effect or mating type. In the harvest stage, shell length(SL), shell height(SH), shell width(SW), and total weight(TW) were larger in the hybrid compared with the inbred groups. Positive H m values were observed in SL(1.5%), SW(5.8%), and TW(12.3%), and were more signifi cant in the DW groups(6.1%, 4.5%, 6.8%, and 27.2%). These results suggest that hybridization between two geographic populations is a good tool for improving bay scallop growth. However, unstable heterosis between the two populations requires further study.

Effects of Nine Kinds of Household Vase Solutions on Fresh-keeping Effect of Lilium Cut Flowers

[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of nine kinds of household vase solutions on fresh-keeping effect of Lilium cut flowers.[Method]Using Lilium"Sorbonne"as the material,nine kinds of household vase solutions were prepared by edible white granulated sugar,white vinegar,akafen powder and vitamin C tablets,respectively.The morphological and physiological indexes of Lilium cut flowers,including vase life,ornamental grade,flower diameter,fresh weight of flower branches,water balance value,soluble protein content and MDA content of petals,were observed,and the effects of nine kinds of household vase solutions on fresh-keeping effect of Lilium cut flowers were studied.[Result]The household vase solution F8(20 g/L white granated sugar+1 packet/L acafen powder+2 tablets/L vitamin C tablets)had the best fresh-keeping effect on Lilium cut flowers,which was beneficial to prolong the vase life and improve the ornamental value of Lilium cut flowers.[Conclusion]The household vase solution of Lilium cut flowers is optimized,which is not only environmentally friendly but also convenient for ordinary families.

Fresh-keeping Effects of Different Concentrations of 6-BA and B9 on Carnation Cut Flower

Using sucrose, citric acid and vitamin C as the basic liquid, different concentrations of 6-BA and B9 preservatives were added, and the carnation variety ＇ Master＇ was treated. The results showed that the formula of 3% sucrose ＋ 50 mg/L citric acid ＋ 600 mg/L vitamin C ＋ 20 mg/L 6-BA could effectively maintain the water balance of the cut flower, prolong the vase life of the cut flower to 16.4 d, and maximize the flower diameter and the crown height.

Fossil Scallops from the Cenozoic Duho Formation of the Pohang Basin,Korea

A great number of fossil scallops were found from the Duho Formation of the Pohang Basin,Korea.Most of the specimens are preserved as slightly altered original carbonate shells,and internal and external molds were also observed in the specimens whose calcareous materials were washed out.In particular, external and internal molds are more frequently observed from the thin and small(less than 1 cm

The phylogeny of native and exotic scallops cultured in China based on 16S rDNA sequences

Scallops of the Family Pectinidae are a valuable resource in marine industry of the world. Understanding the phylogeny of the family is important for the development of the industry. In this study, partial 16S mitochondrial rDNA genes were obtained from 8 scallop species that are commonly cultured indigenous and transplanted species in China. Phylogenetic relationships of Pectinidae were analyzed based on the 8 sequences and other 5 published ones in GenBank, representing 9 genera of the family. The molecular phylogeny trees were constructed using 3 methods with software PHYLIP. The results showe that total 13 species of scallops clustered in 4 clades. Pecten maximus joins P. jacobaeus then Amusium pleuronectes in cluster, indicating close relationship of genus Amusium with Pecten in evolution. P. yes- soensis is close to Chlamys farreri and C. islandica. No enough material was available to single out genus Patinopecten as an independent monophyletic subfamily. The position of Adamussium colbecki indicates that it is far from genus Pecten but near to genus Chlamys in evolution.

Kiwi Fruit Fresh-keeping Technology

The vitamin C rich-kiwi fruit-the king of fruits-is good to taste but hard to store. Only a few countries can prevent mildew on the fruit stalk during the storage process. The fresh-keeping technology developed by the Shaanxi Teachers University has enabled China to catch up with the advanced countries in this field.

乙醇耦合其他预处理提高扇贝柱热泵干燥速率及品质

干燥后期速率低、能耗高是限制热泵干燥(heat pump drying,HPD)在水产品干燥中应用的瓶颈。非热力预处理技术在易腐食品干燥中具有提高干燥速率和改善干制品品质的巨大潜力。基于此,该研究以乙醇(E)单独和联合真空(VC+E)、超声波(US+E)、超声波辅助真空(USVC+E)预处理作为处理组,以未经预处理的扇贝柱为对照(CK),探究其对扇贝柱干燥动力学及干制品品质特性的影响。利用低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术,对扇贝柱热泵干燥过程中水分状态及分布进行了研究。结果表明:扇贝柱热泵干燥处于降速干燥阶段,干燥过程受水分内部扩散的控制。Weibull模型能较好地描述扇贝柱热泵干燥过程。与CK相比,乙醇单独处理和US和/或真空联合预处理都能提高水分有效扩散系数(Deff),进而提高干燥速率。LF-NMR结果表明,扇贝柱中主要水分为不易流动水;随着干燥进行,各组分的横向弛豫时间向左偏移;不易流动水所占比例降低,而紧密结合水、疏松结合水和自由水所占比例增加。与CK相比,预处理有利于扇贝柱不易流动水向自由水转化,进而提高干燥速率。与CK相比,乙醇单独处理和US和/或真空联合预处理可降低扇贝柱黄度、总色差、收缩率、硬度、弹性和咀嚼性,但是增加了扇贝柱的亮度、红度和复水比。预处理组中,US+E和USVC+E色泽参数(总色差:US+E,(7.40±0.22);USVC+E,(6.99±0.16))最佳,收缩率(US+E,35.97%±1.29%;USVC+E,34.43%±1.24%)和硬度(US+E,(25.20±1.08)N;USVC+E,(26.68±0.61)N)最低;而US+E弹性(0.55±0.01)和咀嚼性(7.27±0.30)N最低,但复水比(1.753±0.022)最高。相比于CK,US+E可显著降低(P<0.05)总色差58.24%,收缩率32.75%、硬度23.17%、弹性15.38%、咀嚼性38.91%,但是复水180 min后,能显著提高(P<0.05)复水比9.975%。综合考虑,US+E作为一种非热力、绿色预处理技术,可用于强化扇贝柱热泵干燥效率,改善干制品品质。

ScanSAR的Scalloping辐射误差研究

由于在观测带内采用了多波束扫描的工作模式,使得ScanSAR产生了固有的周期性的scalloping效应,影响了ScanSAR的辐射特性。该文基于ScanSAR工作模式的特点,研究了scalloping产生的机理和性质,定量地分析了scalloping引起的辐射误差以及多普勒中心误差与scalloping的关系,并研究了对scalloping进行校正后的剩余误差问题。

温度胁迫对扇贝响应机制的研究进展

简述了温度胁迫对扇贝生理和抗氧化酶活性的影响。分析了温度胁迫对扇贝分子的影响机制,包括对扇贝热休克蛋白基因表达以及信号传导的响应途径。提出,由于扇贝在生长过程中与其逆境胁迫的复杂性,今后应运用多种环境因子的综合作用,对扇贝展开多重适应性的逆境研究,进而了解扇贝生理状态及分子响应机制;深入开展有关扇贝耐温性的全基因组的破译、GWAS分析以及关键基因挖掘与调控序列等分子方面的研究,进而从分子层面深入分析扇贝有关环境适应与生命演化的基本规律;进行优良品种的选育,使用基因工程等手段,降低温度对扇贝造成的影响。

Production traits and fertility of reciprocal hybrids between Argopecten irradians irradians and A.i.concentricus

The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits caused by long-term inbreeding have been major concerns to the industry in the last two decades.Hybridization between the two bay scallop subspecies may provide a new approach to breed a new variety with superior production traits for the industry.For this end,in this study,we hybridized the two bay scallop subspecies in order to obtain a new strain that incorporates the genes of both subspecies.No significant difference was found in fertilization rate,hatching rate and metamorphosis rate between the purebred and crossbred cohorts(NN♀×SS♂,denoted as NS;SS♀×NN♂,denoted as SN).Both mating strategy(intra-vs.inter-population crosses)and egg origin had significant effects on growth and survival at the larval stage.Heterosis was observed in the crossbred and was more pronounced in older stages.Genetic diversity of the reciprocal hybrids,especially that of SN,was increased compared with the purebred cohorts.Almost all hybrids were completely fertile and able to reproduce by selffertilization or by backcrossing with either parent.Apparently,male sterile individuals whose gonads were fully occupied by the ovary part at mature stage were found in the hybrids for the first time.The hybrids,especially SN,may provide precious germplasm resources for the production of ternary hybrids with the Peruvian scallop,A.purpuratus.

Fresh-Keeping Decision and Coordination of Fresh Agricultural Product Supply Chain Considering Carbon Cap-and-Trade under Different Dominance

In the context of low carbon,this paper discussed the impact of the carbon cap-and-trade policy on the fresh-keeping decision-making of two-echelon fresh agricultural product supply chains under different dominance,and designed cost-sharing contracts to coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural products dominated by suppliers and retailers respectively.The results showed that:dominance has no effect on the fresh-keeping decision and total revenue of fresh agricultural product supply chain,but it affects the internal income distribution,and dominance does not always bring more benefits;the implementation of carbon cap-and-trade reduces the fresh-keeping decision-making of fresh agricultural products supply chain and reduces the free-rider income of followers;the role of higher carbon trading price is twofold,which not only brings about the speculation of leading enterprises,but also promotes the application of low-carbon technologies;consumers’high preference for freshness,low-cost and high-efficiency low-carbon technology are all conducive to improving the fresh-keeping efforts and benefits of the supply chain;cost-sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chain of fresh agricultural products.

博世扇贝纹对亚微米硅通孔中应力的影响

硅通孔(TSV)是三维(3D)集成中的关键互连技术。采用博世(Bosch)工艺刻蚀TSV,尤其是亚微米直径的TSV时,侧壁产生的扇贝纹会引起TSV中的应力集中。利用有限元单元生死技术分析亚微米TSV制备过程中的应力变化,并对应力的影响因素进行了分析。研究了TSV节距、扇贝纹高度和宽度、阻挡层材料参数、工艺温度和工作温度等因素对TSV内部应力的影响,并选择了4个主要因素进行正交实验分析。研究结果表明,减小扇贝纹宽度、增大扇贝纹高度、降低工艺温度均能有效缓解扇贝纹附近的应力波动幅度,其中扇贝纹宽度对应力波动的影响最大。通过上述分析,对影响亚微米TSV应力的主要因素进行了排序,从而为TSV制备过程中的参数优化提供了指导。

Enhanced Wideband Frequency Estimation via FFT: Leveraging Polynomial Interpolation and Array Indexing

Accurate frequency estimation in a wideband digital receiver using the FFT algorithm encounters challenges, such as spectral leakage resulting from the FFT’s assumption of signal periodicity. High-resolution FFTs pose computational demands, and estimating non-integer multiples of frequency resolution proves exceptionally challenging. This paper introduces two novel methods for enhanced frequency precision: polynomial interpolation and array indexing, comparing their results with super-resolution and scalloping loss. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in contemporary radar systems, with array indexing providing the best frequency estimation despite utilizing maximum hardware resources. The paper demonstrates a trade-off between accurate frequency estimation and hardware resources when comparing polynomial interpolation and array indexing.

自由曲面等残留高度数控加工刀轨生成方法

等残留高度数控加工刀轨的相邻行刀位点之间的残留高度值为最大允许值,实现了最大化刀轨行距、最小化刀轨总长度。针对自由曲面提出了一种三轴等残留高度刀轨生成方法:基于刀具进给方向法平面上的曲面局部轮廓和刀具圆,构建了等残留高度点的迭代算法;提出了下一行刀位点初值的优化算法,通过自适应离散刀具与曲面相交的局部曲面、迭代计算刀位点和离散点之间最小距离的方法获取下一行等残留高度刀位点。与等间距法刀轨相比,所提出算法生成的等残留高度刀轨行数和总长度明显减少,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。

明胶与葡聚糖复合膜的制备及其对冷藏扇贝品质的影响

为抑制脂质氧化和微生物繁殖,延长扇贝货架期,以肉桂醛和α-生育酚为抗菌和抗氧化剂,制备抗菌、抗氧化明胶-葡聚糖复合膜。扫描电镜证实明胶和葡聚糖兼容性较好,添加活性物质导致复合膜产生粗糙、不均匀和多孔的微观结构。X射线衍射和红外光谱显示活性物质增强复合膜的结晶度和疏水性。随着活性物质添加量增加,复合膜的厚度、不透明度、抗氧化能力和抗菌能力显著增加,而水蒸气透过性、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率显著降低。相比于未包装和空白复合膜,1.5%活性复合膜显著提升冷藏扇贝贝柱的化学和微生物稳定性,延长其货架期6d。因此,添加双功能活性成分的明胶-葡聚糖复合膜可以作为一种有效包装材料,用于水产品冷藏品质的控制。

外源添加物对海湾扇贝肉糜凝胶特性及营养品质的影响

为开发高品质扇贝肉糜制品,本文以冷冻海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)贝柱为原料,选取大豆分离蛋白、羟丙基木薯淀粉、卡拉胶、蛋清添加至扇贝肉糜,探讨外源添加物对扇贝肉糜凝胶特性及营养品质的影响。结果表明,5%大豆分离蛋白(B组)和羟丙基木薯淀粉(C组)能有效改善扇贝肉糜质构特性,且后者显著提高扇贝肉糜制品的持水性,但8%蛋清(D组)或0.6%卡拉胶(E组)会降低扇贝肉糜的硬度、内聚性、弹性和持水力;复配外源添加物[F组(7%羟丙基木薯淀粉+1.0%卡拉胶)和G组(8%羟丙基木薯淀粉+1.5%卡拉胶+5%蛋清+4%大豆分离蛋白)]对扇贝肉糜质构影响较小且能够提高持水性;F组感官评价较高;C、F、G组的扇贝肉糜制品均具有较优的氨基酸、脂肪酸配比,但氨基酸组成差异明显,不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于饱和脂肪酸,EPA+DHA含量分别占总脂肪酸的45.04%、44.74%和30.87%。由此可知,外源添加物的种类和添加比例会显著影响海湾扇贝肉糜的凝胶特性和营养品质,为后续开发不同质构和成本等级的扇贝肉糜制品提供了理论数据。

加工和贮藏方式对扇贝营养成分的影响

食物富含多种化学组分,这些组分在加工过程中会发生显著变化,影响其基本构成和结构(化学结构和多尺度结构)及相互作用,带来营养和健康效益的改变。因此,食品加工过程对组分及其健康效益影响等方面的研究受到越来越多的关注。扇贝是一种双壳经济贝类,营养丰富,常见的加工方式有干制、煮制等传统热加工,也有如超高压脱壳、微波真空加工等新型加工方式;其贮藏则以短期贮藏的海水贮藏,干露冰藏和长期贮藏的冻藏、干藏为主。以扇贝为研究对象论述了不同的加工或贮藏方式对扇贝的营养成分产生的不同影响,以期为扇贝的合理加工和贮藏提供理论参考。