Transient temperature characteristics of friction clutch disc considering thermal contact conductance under sliding conditions

High temperatures are generated due to the sliding contacts between the rubbing surfaces of the friction clutch system.In this work,by considering the effective thermal contact conductance under sliding conditions,a simulation model of a two-dimensional transient temperature field of the clutch disc was developed.A numerical solution to obtain the surface temperature at different radii was presented based on the finite difference method.Compared with the experimental data,the proposed model for estimating the surface temperature is more accurate than the conventional prediction method.The results showed that the errors of the calculated temperatures at radii of 114 and 106 mm have obviously reduced by 12.98%and 12.60%,respectively.In addition,the influences of pressure and relative speed on the surface temperature were investigated.The temperature increases with the increase of the relative speed and pressure during the sliding period,and there is an interaction effect between pressure and speed on the surface temperature rise.

Study of the Judder Characteristics of Friction Material for an Automobile Clutch and Test Verification

The friction judder characteristics during clutch engagement have a significant influence on the NVH of a driveline.In this research,the judder characteristics of automobile clutch friction materials and experimental verification are studied.First,considering the stick-slip phenomenon in the clutch engagement process,a detailed 9-degrees-of-freedom(DOF)model including the body,each cylinder of the engine,clutch and friction lining,torsional damper,transmission and other driveline parts is established,and the calculation formula of friction torque in the clutch engagement process is determined.Second,the influence of the friction gradient characteristics on the amplification or attenuation of the automobile friction judder is analyzed,and the corresponding stability analysis and the numerical simulation of different friction gradient values are carried out with MATLAB/Simulink software.Finally,judder bench test equipment and a corresponding damping test program are developed,and the relationship between the friction coefficient gradient characteristics and the system damping is analyzed.After a large number of tests,the evaluation basis of the test is determined.The research results show that the friction lining with negative gradient characteristics of the friction coefficient will have a judder signal.When the friction gradient value is less than-0.005 s/m,the judder signal of the measured clutch cannot be completely attenuated,and the judder phenomenon occurs.When the friction gradient is greater than-0.005 s/m,the judder signal can be significantly suppressed and the system connection tends to be stable.

Wear Calculation Model Considering the Effect of Porosity and Wear Properties of Wet Clutch Friction Disc

This paper aims to investigate the effect of porosity percentage on the wear performance of a wet clutch. A wear calculation model for the relationship of porosity and wear mass loss is established. The results of experiments conducted verify the wear coefficient expression used in the model. The influence of porosity on the wear performance of a friction disc was also analyzed for various pressures and speeds. Specifically,the 80 min sliding test was performed with three different friction disc porosity percentages using a wet clutch test rig. Comparison of the model calculation results with the measured values confirmed the accuracy of the calculation model. The test results show that the calculated and detected data fit well,which indicates that the wear calculation model can be used to estimate the wear mass loss of wet clutch friction plates. These research results will help to improve the anti-abrasion properties and employment lifespan of wet clutch friction discs.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW FIELD BETWEEN FRICTIONAL PAIRS IN HYDROVISCOUS DRIVE SURFACE

The flow field of the oil film between frictional pairs in the hydroviscous drive test rig is investigated. A three-dimensional Navier-Stokes（N-S） equation considering viscous force and inertial force rather than Reynolds equation or modified Reynolds equation is presented to model the flow field. Pressure and temperature distribution in radial and circumferential direction under three different conditions, i.e., isothermal, that considering viscosity-temperature characteristic as well as shear thinning non-Newtonian fluid are simulated, respectively, by utilizing the commercial computational fluid dynamics（CFD） software FLUENT. The results reveal that the grooves on the driven plate make the pressure, temperature distribution present periodic variation. The oil temperature and shear rate have important effects on the flow field between frictional pairs, and the oil temperature is more important parameter. The simulation results lay a theoretical foundation for the reasonable designs ofhydroviscous drive.

Dynamic Engaging Characteristics of Wet Clutch in Automatic Transmission

Wet clutch is an important shifting component in automatic transmission,and its properties will affect the gear shift performance. By comparing the calculated and test results,the static friction torque model was proved to be capable of describing the real pressure and torque only in the situation of high-energy engagement.Therefore,a dynamic torque model was proposed on basis of hydrodynamic properties between friction surfaces, in which the clutch engagement was divided into three phases for hydrodynamic lubrication, mixed lubrication, and mechanical contact. The proposed dynamic torque model was validated by comparing the calculated and test results. The effects of temperature,pressure,and pressure changing rate of automatic transmission fluid( ATF) on the clutch torque were analyzed. Based on these results,the clutchto-clutch torque control during shifting in automatic transmission was optimized,and as a result,the shifting comfort was significantly improved since the problems such as the fluctuation and sudden drop of the engine rotating speed during shifting were eliminated.

混合动力汽车湿式离合器摩擦副温度场及其影响因素研究

热失效是混合动力汽车湿式离合器发生故障的主要原因之一。摩擦副滑摩过程中具有高度非线性,同时摩擦副温度场受到多个参数影响。为深入研究混合动力汽车离合器摩擦副温度场分布情况,通过搭建混合动力汽车离合器热结构耦合分析模型,对滑摩过程进行仿真计算。在此基础上,深入研究初始转速、接合油压、对偶钢片厚度和摩擦衬片材料等因素对摩擦副温度场的影响。

花键约束下变形摩擦片角向摆动的数值分析

为了揭示离合器分离状态下摩擦元件变形前后的动力学特性差异,本文研究了花键约束下不同变形程度摩擦片的角向摆动特性,分析了花键界面和翘曲变形对摆动的影响。本文对平直摩擦片进行了力学分析,并建立了平直片角向摆动的动力学模型。在此基础上,对平直片引入薄板的变形函数,考虑几何差异推导出了变形摩擦片的摆动模型。同时,与经典边界条件对比,在摩擦片内径的花键约束处采用了摩擦边界,并且基于几何结构推导出了最大允许摆动角。通过数值仿真,在时域和频域分析了各影响因素对摆动的影响。结果表明:旋转的摩擦片受扰动后,角向摆动频率随转速的增加而增加,而翘曲变形会降低摆动频率。此外,最大摆动角度在低转速时会延长摩擦片摆动的时间,摩擦力则会降低摆动的时间。

离合器摩擦副微观粗糙表面滑动接触特性研究

考虑离合器摩擦元件实际形貌特征,建立了摩擦表面微凸体二维挤压和滑动接触有限元模型,研究了摩擦表面的微观接触特性.摩擦表面间的接触实际为微凸体的相互挤压,随着施加载荷的增加,摩擦表面接触微凸体的个数逐渐增加,实际接触微凸体数量的变化影响单个微凸体的承受载荷.摩擦表面之间的滑动接触实际上是微凸体的相对挤压和剪切,并且致使微凸体顶部产生弹塑性变形的过程.本研究为摩擦元件的摩擦磨损机理研究提供了理论基础.

考虑离合器摩擦性能衰减的湿式DCT车辆起步控制研究

建立了考虑离合器摩擦系数变化及离合器性能衰减的湿式双离合变速器(dual clutch transmission,DCT)车辆起步过程动力学模型,以车辆起步过程冲击度、滑摩功和起步滑摩时间为优化目标,采用线性二次型最优控制方法获得了车辆起步过程离合器最优传递转矩。针对离合器摩擦系数变化及离合器性能衰减对车辆起步过程离合器压力控制的影响,提出了一种离合器压力非线性鲁棒控制策略,以实现对离合器最优传递转矩的跟踪。结果表明,所提出的非线性鲁棒控制策略能够在离合器摩擦系数变化的情况下实现对离合器最优传递转矩的有效跟踪,跟踪误差不大于0.02 N·m,且能够适应摩擦性能衰减导致不同寿命阶段摩擦系数的不同变化规律,与比例-积分-微分(proportion-integral-differential,PID)控制策略相比具有更精确的控制效果和更强的鲁棒性。

浅析气动摩擦离合器在大造粒机组中的应用

介绍了大型挤压造粒机组中气动摩擦离合器的结构特点及工作原理。气动摩擦离合器是一种特制的联轴器,能够传递较大扭矩,同时可以通过人为设定风压来控制摩擦力的大小,以达到对关键设备过载保护的目的。

变速箱离合器设计及性能测试

如今自动变速箱的应用越来越广,对于离合器也有了新的需求,为了探究湿式离合器的自主化设计,对湿式离合器的结构与原理进行了分析,并对其特点进行了研究,对变速箱的摩擦副以及回位弹簧进行了设计分析,最后对离合器的循环耐久进行测试,为变速箱离合器的进一步研究奠定了基础。

湿式离合器局部润滑与摩擦特性的温升影响研究

针对湿式离合器因局部润滑工况恶化而加速失效的问题,本文中建立带有表面微凸峰接触的摩擦副微观润滑摩擦计算模型,并结合小试样销-盘试验,研究温升对湿式离合器润滑油膜承载力、微凸峰接触力和接触面积、载荷承担比、局部温升和摩擦系数等的影响规律,揭示湿式离合器局部润滑与摩擦特性的温升影响机理.结果表明:随着温度从30℃升高到150℃,虽然湿式离合器摩擦副间润滑油膜的载荷承担比由约97%减小至约57%,但其仍是摩擦副间载荷的首要承担者,此外,温升过程中实际接触面积率快速增大,局部摩擦温度快速升高,摩擦系数从不足0.04快速增大到约0.11,当温度高于90℃时,摩擦系数的增大速度与实际接触面积的增大速度基本一致.

拖拉机主离合器从动盘摩擦钢片断裂仿真分析及改进

拖拉机主离合器位于发动机与变速箱之间,用来分离或结合前后两者之间的动力。针对试验过程中发现的离合器从动盘摩擦钢片断裂现象进行仿真分析,通过对不同的结构改进进行模拟分析,总结出拖拉机主离合器从动盘摩擦钢片改进方向。

湿式离合器摩擦片孔隙及油槽结构对摩擦特性的影响分析

湿式离合器通过主从动片的摩擦力矩传递动力,在接合过程中经常因摩擦系数的变化而带来接合过程的抖动冲击,严重影响车辆的乘坐舒适性,因此研究湿式离合器摩擦片的油槽结构及离合器摩擦材料气孔特性,对维持良好的动态摩擦特性至关重要。通过试验对比验证,增加油槽数量(多段化)和加大摩擦材料平均气孔直径,都能够提升离合器结合时摩擦材料初期的接触性,从而能够得到更稳定的动态摩擦特性。

电控摩擦离合器的初步实验研究

以十二烷基磺酸钠水溶液作为润滑液,以石墨作为辅助电极,以氮化硅/黄铜摩擦片组成摩擦副,考察了自行研制的电控摩擦离合器试验台的工作特性及摩擦力矩对外加电场响应特性.结果表明,当外加电压从0V增加到20V时,电控摩擦离合器的摩擦力矩增大约2倍,摩擦力矩随外电压变化的响应时间约为3s.据此可以认为,电控摩擦技术可望应用于摩擦传动装置.

湿式摩擦离合器摩擦片表面温升和油槽结构研究

应用接触温度计算模型和热分析基本原理,研究了重型车辆湿式摩擦离合器摩擦片的温度分布和失效原因,分析和推导了简单、实用的摩擦片温度计算公式并得到试验验证。此外,介绍了从动摩擦片常见的表面油槽结构,分析了不同油槽结构对传递扭矩、摩擦片表面温度以及带排扭矩的影响。试验结果表明:双圆弧油槽综合性能较好,摩擦副摩擦因数适中,对带排扭矩影响小,且易于制造,最适合于重型车辆湿式摩擦离合器从动摩擦片使用。

离合器摩擦过程中的温度研究

利用传热学的及有限元的理论，建立摩擦对偶盘在工作过程中的导热微分方程及有限元计算方程，计算其工作过程中的温度分布，并在现有的实验台上通过实验加以验证。

湿式摩擦离合器瞬态热传导过程数值仿真

给出了湿式摩擦离合器的摩擦热和对流换热系数计算公式 ,建立了内外摩擦片的三维热传导分析模型 ,用瞬态温度场有限元法求解了空转和结合时摩擦片的热传导过程 ,并计算了离合器空转时的效率及润滑油出口油温。

液力变矩器滑摩离合器控制压力计算方法

自动变速器中的滑摩离合器滑摩时发动机的动力同时通过液力传动和机械滑摩传动两条路线传递,它能够在大范围内提高传动效率。文中推导了汽车自动变速系统在滑摩过程中的功率平衡方程,并利用该方程计算了滑摩过程的控制油压,选择合理的滑摩控制区域能够显著提高自动变速传动系统的传动效率和缓冲、抗振性能。该控制区域应该从发动机的扭振状况、变矩器离合器的滑摩率和功率分配比、变矩器的输出特性以及自动变速系统的换挡规律多个方面进行考虑。