The crustal basement of Northwest Germany can be interpreted as an “Avalonian Terrane Assemblage” subdivided by a roughly NW-SE (Hercynian) and SW-NE (Rhenish) running horst and graben system. In Late Devonian and E...The crustal basement of Northwest Germany can be interpreted as an “Avalonian Terrane Assemblage” subdivided by a roughly NW-SE (Hercynian) and SW-NE (Rhenish) running horst and graben system. In Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous times, this assemblage was flooded by the sea and mainly marine carbonates were deposited on the horsts and Stillwater shales in the grabens, as interpretable through magnetotelluric measurements. Dur</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ing the Late Carboniferous Variscan Orogeny, this terrain became the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coal-rich </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">foreland of the colliding Rhenohercynian belt. The shale-filled grabens </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reacted </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">through folding and thrusting with different anticlinal patterns, the main</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> carbonate covered horst in a still unknown way. This horst was the location of the Late Carboniferous basin center and of the inverted oil-rich Mesozoic Lower Saxony Basin (southwestern sector), respectively, with the so-called Bramsche Massif therein. It probably acted as an indenter for the evolution of the Variscan ore-rich Harz Mountains and forced the approaching Rhenohercynian orogen to stack the appropriate tectonic nappes by horizontal shortening to very high altitudes and the root into large depths. Based on seismic evidence this root is still an uncompleted crust/mantle transition zone with a deep reflection seismic and petrological Moho and a shallower hardly reflecting refraction seismic velocity Moho. The alternative, partly unsolved location of the Variscan Deformation Front in Northwest Germany may represent the new findings. The results may be supported by a comparison with features of the northern Alpine deformation belt.展开更多
位于鄂尔多斯西北缘的、狼山和河套盆地之间的狼山山前断裂是1条全新世活动断裂。沿狼山山前断裂,从北向南开挖了3个古地震探槽,分别为东升村探槽(TC1)、青山镇探槽(TC2)和乌兰哈少探槽(TC3)。由TC1限定的3次古地震事件(ED1、ED2、ED3)...位于鄂尔多斯西北缘的、狼山和河套盆地之间的狼山山前断裂是1条全新世活动断裂。沿狼山山前断裂,从北向南开挖了3个古地震探槽,分别为东升村探槽(TC1)、青山镇探槽(TC2)和乌兰哈少探槽(TC3)。由TC1限定的3次古地震事件(ED1、ED2、ED3)的发震时间可相应地限定为(6±1. 3) ka BP、(9. 6±2) ka BP和(19. 7±4. 2) ka BP;由TC2揭露的古地震事件EQ1的发震时间可以限定为(6. 7±0. 1) ka BP;由TC3限定的3次古地震事件(EW1、EW2、EW3)的发震时间可相应地限定为(2. 3±0. 4) ka BP、(6±1) ka BP和7ka之前。结合前人的研究,可以确定狼山山前断裂晚更新世以来的古地震序列为2.3～2.43ka BP(E1)、 4.41～3.06ka BP(E2)、 6.71～6.8ka BP(E3)、 7.6～9.81ka BP(E4)和(19.7±4.2) ka BP(E5)。虽然由于事件E5可能包含了多次古地震事件,导致晚更新世以来古地震漏记的可能性仍然无法剔除,但仍可认为狼山山前断裂在全新世期间的古地震历史应该是完整的,强震平均复发周期约为2 500a。与古地震事件E1、E3和E4相关的地震同震位移值明显较其他事件更大,表明这3次古地震事件可能是震级为7. 5～8级甚至>8级的破裂断裂全段的古地震事件,而古地震事件E2可能是较小一点的、仅破裂部分断裂段的古地震事件。狼山山前断裂在乌兰哈少点自15ka BP以来的滑动速率应该大于但接近于0. 66mm/a。狼山山前断裂的古地震研究结果显示,断裂现今是1条倾向于在地表破裂事件中全段破裂的不分段断裂。假设约2 500a的强震复发周期成立,则自最近1次强震事件以来的离逝时间接近或者已经超过了强震复发周期,狼山地区再发生强震事件的危险性是非常大的。展开更多
文摘The crustal basement of Northwest Germany can be interpreted as an “Avalonian Terrane Assemblage” subdivided by a roughly NW-SE (Hercynian) and SW-NE (Rhenish) running horst and graben system. In Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous times, this assemblage was flooded by the sea and mainly marine carbonates were deposited on the horsts and Stillwater shales in the grabens, as interpretable through magnetotelluric measurements. Dur</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ing the Late Carboniferous Variscan Orogeny, this terrain became the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coal-rich </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">foreland of the colliding Rhenohercynian belt. The shale-filled grabens </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reacted </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">through folding and thrusting with different anticlinal patterns, the main</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> carbonate covered horst in a still unknown way. This horst was the location of the Late Carboniferous basin center and of the inverted oil-rich Mesozoic Lower Saxony Basin (southwestern sector), respectively, with the so-called Bramsche Massif therein. It probably acted as an indenter for the evolution of the Variscan ore-rich Harz Mountains and forced the approaching Rhenohercynian orogen to stack the appropriate tectonic nappes by horizontal shortening to very high altitudes and the root into large depths. Based on seismic evidence this root is still an uncompleted crust/mantle transition zone with a deep reflection seismic and petrological Moho and a shallower hardly reflecting refraction seismic velocity Moho. The alternative, partly unsolved location of the Variscan Deformation Front in Northwest Germany may represent the new findings. The results may be supported by a comparison with features of the northern Alpine deformation belt.
文摘位于鄂尔多斯西北缘的、狼山和河套盆地之间的狼山山前断裂是1条全新世活动断裂。沿狼山山前断裂,从北向南开挖了3个古地震探槽,分别为东升村探槽(TC1)、青山镇探槽(TC2)和乌兰哈少探槽(TC3)。由TC1限定的3次古地震事件(ED1、ED2、ED3)的发震时间可相应地限定为(6±1. 3) ka BP、(9. 6±2) ka BP和(19. 7±4. 2) ka BP;由TC2揭露的古地震事件EQ1的发震时间可以限定为(6. 7±0. 1) ka BP;由TC3限定的3次古地震事件(EW1、EW2、EW3)的发震时间可相应地限定为(2. 3±0. 4) ka BP、(6±1) ka BP和7ka之前。结合前人的研究,可以确定狼山山前断裂晚更新世以来的古地震序列为2.3～2.43ka BP(E1)、 4.41～3.06ka BP(E2)、 6.71～6.8ka BP(E3)、 7.6～9.81ka BP(E4)和(19.7±4.2) ka BP(E5)。虽然由于事件E5可能包含了多次古地震事件,导致晚更新世以来古地震漏记的可能性仍然无法剔除,但仍可认为狼山山前断裂在全新世期间的古地震历史应该是完整的,强震平均复发周期约为2 500a。与古地震事件E1、E3和E4相关的地震同震位移值明显较其他事件更大,表明这3次古地震事件可能是震级为7. 5～8级甚至>8级的破裂断裂全段的古地震事件,而古地震事件E2可能是较小一点的、仅破裂部分断裂段的古地震事件。狼山山前断裂在乌兰哈少点自15ka BP以来的滑动速率应该大于但接近于0. 66mm/a。狼山山前断裂的古地震研究结果显示,断裂现今是1条倾向于在地表破裂事件中全段破裂的不分段断裂。假设约2 500a的强震复发周期成立,则自最近1次强震事件以来的离逝时间接近或者已经超过了强震复发周期,狼山地区再发生强震事件的危险性是非常大的。
