Parkinson’s disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities,leading to cognitive impairment.One common issue in Parkinson’s disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive ...Parkinson’s disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities,leading to cognitive impairment.One common issue in Parkinson’s disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive functioning.Executive functions help us plan,organize,and control our actions based on our goals.The brain area responsible for executive functions is called the prefrontal co rtex.It acts as the command center for the brain,especially when it comes to regulating executive functions.The role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes is influenced by a chemical messenger called dopamine.However,little is known about how dopamine affects the cognitive functions of patients with Parkinson’s disease.In this article,the authors review the latest research on this topic.They start by looking at how the dopaminergic syste m,is alte red in Parkinson’s disease with executive dysfunction.Then,they explore how these changes in dopamine impact the synaptic structure,electrical activity,and connection components of the prefrontal cortex.The authors also summarize the relationship between Parkinson’s disease and dopamine-related cognitive issues.This information may offer valuable insights and directions for further research and improvement in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Objective: This study aimed to carry out a topographical analysis of frontal lobe executive function components in post-stroke patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. The assessment using the WCST (Wi...Objective: This study aimed to carry out a topographical analysis of frontal lobe executive function components in post-stroke patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. The assessment using the WCST (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) included sixteen patients with a clinical diagnosis of CVA and frontal lobe impairment. Results from the two groups were compared (patients with right frontal lobe impairment and patients with left frontal lobe impairment). Statistical analysis was performed using the program “Statistical Package for Social Sciences” (SPSS) Version 20.0. For comparison between groups was used Mann-Whitney test and considered the alpha level of 0.05 on the statistically significant results. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups, thus showing that executive functions are symmetrically distributed across the frontal lobes. Conclusion: Executive functions are symmetrically organized across the two frontal lobes, since the comparison between the groups did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference for any of the variables of WSCT.展开更多
AIMTo apply the Frontal Assessment Battery to cirrhotic patients with or without overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) and controls. METHODSThe frontal assessment battery (FAB) was applied to 87 patients with liver cirrh...AIMTo apply the Frontal Assessment Battery to cirrhotic patients with or without overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) and controls. METHODSThe frontal assessment battery (FAB) was applied to 87 patients with liver cirrhosis (16 with and 71 without OHE) and 40 control subjects without cirrhosis treated at the alcohol and liver outpatient clinics and the gastroenterology ward of the Cassiano Antônio de Moraes University Hospital (Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes - HUCAM), Espírito Santo, Brazil. RESULTSThe average FAB score was lower for the cirrhotic than for the non-cirrhotic patients (10.6 ± 3.67 vs 12.25 ± 2.72, P = 0.015). The FAB score was lower for the cirrhotic patients with OHE than for the patients without OHE (8.25 ± 4.55 vs 11.14 ± 3.25, P = 0.027). The total FAB score was lower for the cirrhotic patients without OHE than for the non-cirrhotic patients, although this difference was not significant (11.14 ± 3.25 vs 12.25 ± 2.72, P = 0.067). Nevertheless, the difference in the scores on the subtest that assessed the ability to inhibit a response previously conditioned to a stimulus was significant (1.72 ± 0.93 vs 2.2 ± 0.85, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONThe present study indicates that the FAB is a promising tool for outpatient minimal HE screening and the assessment of HE severity.展开更多
目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激对基底节区脑梗死后执行功能障碍患者姿势控制能力的改善效果。方法选取2021年9月至2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院收治的60例基底节区脑梗死后执行功能障碍患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为试验组...目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激对基底节区脑梗死后执行功能障碍患者姿势控制能力的改善效果。方法选取2021年9月至2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院收治的60例基底节区脑梗死后执行功能障碍患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组30例。对照组给予常规康复治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗。比较分析两组患者治疗前后的执行功能[斯特鲁普色词测试(Stroop color-word test,SCWT)耗时数、SCWT干扰量耗时数],姿势控制能力[10米步行测试(10-meter walking test,10MWT)、起立-行走计时测试(timed up and go test,TUGT)、Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale,BBS)评分]以及步态参数(步长、步宽、前后位置和左右对称位置)。结果治疗2周后,试验组患者的SWCT耗时数和SWCT干扰量耗时数均显著短于治疗前(P<0.05),且试验组显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前后,两组患者的10MWT、步长、步宽和前后位置比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。治疗2周后,两组患者的BBS评分均显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),且试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组患者的TUGT显著优于治疗前(P<0.05),而两组患者的TUGT比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组患者的左右对称位置均显著小于治疗前(P<0.05),且试验组显著小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论重复经颅磁刺激可改善基底节区脑梗死患者的执行功能障碍,同时可提高姿势控制能力,改善步态对称性。展开更多
目的:探讨基于镜像神经元理论指导的视频训练应用于脑卒中后执行功能障碍患者的效果。方法:将60例脑卒中后执行功能障碍患者随机分为对照组和观察组各30例。对照组接受常规执行功能训练,每次40min,每日1次,每周5次,共4周。观察组先进行...目的:探讨基于镜像神经元理论指导的视频训练应用于脑卒中后执行功能障碍患者的效果。方法:将60例脑卒中后执行功能障碍患者随机分为对照组和观察组各30例。对照组接受常规执行功能训练,每次40min,每日1次,每周5次,共4周。观察组先进行执行功能镜像神经元疗法20min,然后再进行常规执行功能训练20min,每日1次,每周5次,共4周。治疗前后两组均进行执行功能缺陷综合征的行为学评价检测(behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome,BADS)和事件相关电位的测定(P300、N200)。结果:治疗4周后,两组患者间执行功能测验评分比较,治疗组除规则转换卡片测验、时间判断测验外,其余各项指标(动作计划测验、找钥匙测验、动物园分布图测验、修订六元素测验及测验总分)均较对照组评分明显提高,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,两组患者间进行事件相关电位的比较,观察组P300潜伏期及波幅较对照组相比,P300潜伏期明显缩短,波幅明显增加,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于镜像神经元理论的镜像神经元疗法对脑卒中执行功能障碍患者有明确疗效。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82101263Jiangsu Province Science Foundation for Youths,No.BK20210903Research Foundation for Talented Scholars of Xuzhou Medical University,No.RC20552114(all to CT)。
文摘Parkinson’s disease can affect not only motor functions but also cognitive abilities,leading to cognitive impairment.One common issue in Parkinson’s disease with cognitive dysfunction is the difficulty in executive functioning.Executive functions help us plan,organize,and control our actions based on our goals.The brain area responsible for executive functions is called the prefrontal co rtex.It acts as the command center for the brain,especially when it comes to regulating executive functions.The role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive processes is influenced by a chemical messenger called dopamine.However,little is known about how dopamine affects the cognitive functions of patients with Parkinson’s disease.In this article,the authors review the latest research on this topic.They start by looking at how the dopaminergic syste m,is alte red in Parkinson’s disease with executive dysfunction.Then,they explore how these changes in dopamine impact the synaptic structure,electrical activity,and connection components of the prefrontal cortex.The authors also summarize the relationship between Parkinson’s disease and dopamine-related cognitive issues.This information may offer valuable insights and directions for further research and improvement in the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.
文摘Objective: This study aimed to carry out a topographical analysis of frontal lobe executive function components in post-stroke patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. The assessment using the WCST (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) included sixteen patients with a clinical diagnosis of CVA and frontal lobe impairment. Results from the two groups were compared (patients with right frontal lobe impairment and patients with left frontal lobe impairment). Statistical analysis was performed using the program “Statistical Package for Social Sciences” (SPSS) Version 20.0. For comparison between groups was used Mann-Whitney test and considered the alpha level of 0.05 on the statistically significant results. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups, thus showing that executive functions are symmetrically distributed across the frontal lobes. Conclusion: Executive functions are symmetrically organized across the two frontal lobes, since the comparison between the groups did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference for any of the variables of WSCT.
文摘AIMTo apply the Frontal Assessment Battery to cirrhotic patients with or without overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) and controls. METHODSThe frontal assessment battery (FAB) was applied to 87 patients with liver cirrhosis (16 with and 71 without OHE) and 40 control subjects without cirrhosis treated at the alcohol and liver outpatient clinics and the gastroenterology ward of the Cassiano Antônio de Moraes University Hospital (Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes - HUCAM), Espírito Santo, Brazil. RESULTSThe average FAB score was lower for the cirrhotic than for the non-cirrhotic patients (10.6 ± 3.67 vs 12.25 ± 2.72, P = 0.015). The FAB score was lower for the cirrhotic patients with OHE than for the patients without OHE (8.25 ± 4.55 vs 11.14 ± 3.25, P = 0.027). The total FAB score was lower for the cirrhotic patients without OHE than for the non-cirrhotic patients, although this difference was not significant (11.14 ± 3.25 vs 12.25 ± 2.72, P = 0.067). Nevertheless, the difference in the scores on the subtest that assessed the ability to inhibit a response previously conditioned to a stimulus was significant (1.72 ± 0.93 vs 2.2 ± 0.85, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONThe present study indicates that the FAB is a promising tool for outpatient minimal HE screening and the assessment of HE severity.
文摘目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激对基底节区脑梗死后执行功能障碍患者姿势控制能力的改善效果。方法选取2021年9月至2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院收治的60例基底节区脑梗死后执行功能障碍患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组30例。对照组给予常规康复治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗。比较分析两组患者治疗前后的执行功能[斯特鲁普色词测试(Stroop color-word test,SCWT)耗时数、SCWT干扰量耗时数],姿势控制能力[10米步行测试(10-meter walking test,10MWT)、起立-行走计时测试(timed up and go test,TUGT)、Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale,BBS)评分]以及步态参数(步长、步宽、前后位置和左右对称位置)。结果治疗2周后,试验组患者的SWCT耗时数和SWCT干扰量耗时数均显著短于治疗前(P<0.05),且试验组显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前后,两组患者的10MWT、步长、步宽和前后位置比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。治疗2周后,两组患者的BBS评分均显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),且试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组患者的TUGT显著优于治疗前(P<0.05),而两组患者的TUGT比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组患者的左右对称位置均显著小于治疗前(P<0.05),且试验组显著小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论重复经颅磁刺激可改善基底节区脑梗死患者的执行功能障碍,同时可提高姿势控制能力,改善步态对称性。
文摘目的:探讨基于镜像神经元理论指导的视频训练应用于脑卒中后执行功能障碍患者的效果。方法:将60例脑卒中后执行功能障碍患者随机分为对照组和观察组各30例。对照组接受常规执行功能训练,每次40min,每日1次,每周5次,共4周。观察组先进行执行功能镜像神经元疗法20min,然后再进行常规执行功能训练20min,每日1次,每周5次,共4周。治疗前后两组均进行执行功能缺陷综合征的行为学评价检测(behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome,BADS)和事件相关电位的测定(P300、N200)。结果:治疗4周后,两组患者间执行功能测验评分比较,治疗组除规则转换卡片测验、时间判断测验外,其余各项指标(动作计划测验、找钥匙测验、动物园分布图测验、修订六元素测验及测验总分)均较对照组评分明显提高,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,两组患者间进行事件相关电位的比较,观察组P300潜伏期及波幅较对照组相比,P300潜伏期明显缩短,波幅明显增加,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于镜像神经元理论的镜像神经元疗法对脑卒中执行功能障碍患者有明确疗效。
