Purpose：The present study examined the patterns of children＇s expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment a...Purpose：The present study examined the patterns of children＇s expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and total physical activity.Methods：The sample comprised 401 children aged 9–13 years from 3 small towns located in North-East Finland.All children received school-based activities across 2-year program from Grades 5 to 7.The present data were collected using questionnaires across 3 measurement phases during 2012–2014.Results：The levels of expectancy beliefs and subjective task values indicated to be relatively high and the development was stable through the program,especially in terms of expectancy beliefs,attainment value,and cost.In contrast,interest value and utility value decreased over the particular period of time.Boys believed they are physically more competent when compared to other students and valued physical education classes more important than girls.In addition,the higher the physical activity level the children reported,the higher the physical education enjoyment they perceived.Conclusion：The current program including actions to increase physical activity through manipulation of psychological and physical school environment modification indicated to be an effective strategy to prohibit declining levels of children＇s expectancy beliefs and task values.展开更多
Background:Recently,Mullen et al.(2011)presented an 8-item version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale(PACES)that provides a valid instrument for assessing enjoyment in physical activity.The present paper investi...Background:Recently,Mullen et al.(2011)presented an 8-item version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale(PACES)that provides a valid instrument for assessing enjoyment in physical activity.The present paper investigated the psychometric properties of a Portuguese adaptation of PACES.Methods:After a process of back-to-back translation into Portuguese,395 members of fitness centers who ranged in age from 18 to 66 years(31.11§8.90,mean§SD)completed the translated version of the PACES.On average,participants had 3.2 years of experience in fitness group classes and practiced for approximately 3.3 times per week.Results:An initial exploratory factor analysis(n=139)revealed a unidimensional structure with factor loadings ranging from 0.79 to 0.89.Results also showed acceptable internal consistency.A confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample(n=256)provided additional support for the unidimensional structure of the questionnaire.In addition,moderate positive correlations between enjoyment and intrinsic and identified regulation,and moderate negative correlations between enjoyment and external and amotivation,demonstrate the convergent validity of the instrument.Finally,measurement invariance between 2 independent samples was also found.Conclusion:The 8-item Portuguese version of PACES is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring enjoyment of physical activity in Portuguese adult fitness exercisers,and it is therefore suitable to use as a measure of affect in exercise adherence interventions studies.展开更多
Recent research has confirmed the predictive effect of general foreign language(FL) achievement on Foreign Language Enjoyment(FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety(FLCA).However,few studies have examined the eff...Recent research has confirmed the predictive effect of general foreign language(FL) achievement on Foreign Language Enjoyment(FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety(FLCA).However,few studies have examined the effect of domain-specific language achievement in shaping FL learning emotions.The present study thus aims to examine how FLE and FLCA are linked to overall FL achievement and self-perceived achievement in six different domains across listening,speaking,reading,writing,vocabulary,and grammar.A total of 1,415 Chinese senior secondary students participated in the questionnaire survey.Regression analyses showed that 1) both FLE and FLCA were predicted more by self-perceived general English proficiency,while less by actual English achievement;2) perceptions of speaking and grammar competence were significant predictors of both emotions;3) perceived reading competence predicted FLE significantly but not FLCA;and that 4) perceptions of listening,writing,and vocabulary competence predicted neither FLE nor FLCA.The implication is that domain-specificity should be taken into consideration in future explorations of FL emotions.展开更多
Due to historical,social and cultural influence on gender differences,women face many obstacles in enjoying their cultural rights.The 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games have taken a historic step in enabling wom...Due to historical,social and cultural influence on gender differences,women face many obstacles in enjoying their cultural rights.The 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games have taken a historic step in enabling women to enjoy the right to sports on an equal footing.The 2022 Olympic Winter Games is the one with the highest proportion of female athletes,and the largest number of events participated by female athletes,throughout the winter Olympics history.The equal right of participation of female athletes is fully considered in the new events.展开更多
Farmhouse enjoyment is a newly-emerging tourism product which is developing rapidly in recent years. Farmhouse enjoyment tourism is beneficial for increasing farmers＇ incomes, and providing farmers with more employme...Farmhouse enjoyment is a newly-emerging tourism product which is developing rapidly in recent years. Farmhouse enjoyment tourism is beneficial for increasing farmers＇ incomes, and providing farmers with more employment by adjusting the industrial structure. Farmhouse enjoyment tourism has produced a huge social and economic impact. But it also has some shortages for the sustainable and stable development of farmhouse enjoyment. This article starts from the analysis of present situation of farmhouse enjoyment tourism in Shaanxi; points out the problems that appeared and proposes the corresponding measures, to help farmhouse enjoyment tourism to develop healthily and sustainably.展开更多
Positive psychology has boosted interest in the positive as well as the negative emotions that Foreign Language learners experience. The present study examines whether -and to what extent -foreign language enjoyment (...Positive psychology has boosted interest in the positive as well as the negative emotions that Foreign Language learners experience. The present study examines whether -and to what extent -foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and FL classroom anxiety (FLCA) are linked to a range of learner-internal variables and teacher/classroom-specific variables within one specific educational context. Participants were 189 British high school students learning various FLs. Levels of FLE were linked to higher scores on attitudes towards the FL, the FL teacher, FL use in class, proportion of time spent on speaking, relative standing and stage of development. Lower levels FLCA were linked to higher scores on attitudes towards the FL, relative standing and stage of development. FLCA thus seems less related to teacher and teacher practices than FLE. The pedagogical implication is that teachers should strive to boost FLE rather than worry too much about students' FLCA.展开更多
English teaching in big classes, for Chinese college students, is the main channel to learn and practice English. In the process of a successful classroom teaching, students and teachers are required to cooperate with...English teaching in big classes, for Chinese college students, is the main channel to learn and practice English. In the process of a successful classroom teaching, students and teachers are required to cooperate with each other and mutually complete teaching activities in an enjoyable and harmonious atmosphere. This paper analyzes the current situation of College English teaching in China, and discusses the application of the methodology of ＂dual-way enjoyable teaching＂ in big classes, indicating that the classroom activities should be designed to enliven the class atmosphere, which is also the effective way to realize the aim of enjoyable teaching and enjoyable learning.展开更多
Winter and summer are two wonderful seasons.Winter temperatures are cooler than summer ones.People enjoy bundling up in sweaters and other warm clothes.People can enjoy hot drinks.Some places have snow,so people can g...Winter and summer are two wonderful seasons.Winter temperatures are cooler than summer ones.People enjoy bundling up in sweaters and other warm clothes.People can enjoy hot drinks.Some places have snow,so people can go sking and ice-skating.展开更多
Hi,I’m Tony from Zhangjiagang Yangshe Experimental School,studying in Grade Four.My school life is bustling yet enjoyable,and I’d like to share a glimpse of it with you.
基金funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture,Finland(OKM/14/626/2013)
文摘Purpose：The present study examined the patterns of children＇s expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and total physical activity.Methods：The sample comprised 401 children aged 9–13 years from 3 small towns located in North-East Finland.All children received school-based activities across 2-year program from Grades 5 to 7.The present data were collected using questionnaires across 3 measurement phases during 2012–2014.Results：The levels of expectancy beliefs and subjective task values indicated to be relatively high and the development was stable through the program,especially in terms of expectancy beliefs,attainment value,and cost.In contrast,interest value and utility value decreased over the particular period of time.Boys believed they are physically more competent when compared to other students and valued physical education classes more important than girls.In addition,the higher the physical activity level the children reported,the higher the physical education enjoyment they perceived.Conclusion：The current program including actions to increase physical activity through manipulation of psychological and physical school environment modification indicated to be an effective strategy to prohibit declining levels of children＇s expectancy beliefs and task values.
文摘Background:Recently,Mullen et al.(2011)presented an 8-item version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale(PACES)that provides a valid instrument for assessing enjoyment in physical activity.The present paper investigated the psychometric properties of a Portuguese adaptation of PACES.Methods:After a process of back-to-back translation into Portuguese,395 members of fitness centers who ranged in age from 18 to 66 years(31.11§8.90,mean§SD)completed the translated version of the PACES.On average,participants had 3.2 years of experience in fitness group classes and practiced for approximately 3.3 times per week.Results:An initial exploratory factor analysis(n=139)revealed a unidimensional structure with factor loadings ranging from 0.79 to 0.89.Results also showed acceptable internal consistency.A confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample(n=256)provided additional support for the unidimensional structure of the questionnaire.In addition,moderate positive correlations between enjoyment and intrinsic and identified regulation,and moderate negative correlations between enjoyment and external and amotivation,demonstrate the convergent validity of the instrument.Finally,measurement invariance between 2 independent samples was also found.Conclusion:The 8-item Portuguese version of PACES is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring enjoyment of physical activity in Portuguese adult fitness exercisers,and it is therefore suitable to use as a measure of affect in exercise adherence interventions studies.
文摘Recent research has confirmed the predictive effect of general foreign language(FL) achievement on Foreign Language Enjoyment(FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety(FLCA).However,few studies have examined the effect of domain-specific language achievement in shaping FL learning emotions.The present study thus aims to examine how FLE and FLCA are linked to overall FL achievement and self-perceived achievement in six different domains across listening,speaking,reading,writing,vocabulary,and grammar.A total of 1,415 Chinese senior secondary students participated in the questionnaire survey.Regression analyses showed that 1) both FLE and FLCA were predicted more by self-perceived general English proficiency,while less by actual English achievement;2) perceptions of speaking and grammar competence were significant predictors of both emotions;3) perceived reading competence predicted FLE significantly but not FLCA;and that 4) perceptions of listening,writing,and vocabulary competence predicted neither FLE nor FLCA.The implication is that domain-specificity should be taken into consideration in future explorations of FL emotions.
文摘Due to historical,social and cultural influence on gender differences,women face many obstacles in enjoying their cultural rights.The 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games have taken a historic step in enabling women to enjoy the right to sports on an equal footing.The 2022 Olympic Winter Games is the one with the highest proportion of female athletes,and the largest number of events participated by female athletes,throughout the winter Olympics history.The equal right of participation of female athletes is fully considered in the new events.
文摘Farmhouse enjoyment is a newly-emerging tourism product which is developing rapidly in recent years. Farmhouse enjoyment tourism is beneficial for increasing farmers＇ incomes, and providing farmers with more employment by adjusting the industrial structure. Farmhouse enjoyment tourism has produced a huge social and economic impact. But it also has some shortages for the sustainable and stable development of farmhouse enjoyment. This article starts from the analysis of present situation of farmhouse enjoyment tourism in Shaanxi; points out the problems that appeared and proposes the corresponding measures, to help farmhouse enjoyment tourism to develop healthily and sustainably.
文摘Positive psychology has boosted interest in the positive as well as the negative emotions that Foreign Language learners experience. The present study examines whether -and to what extent -foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and FL classroom anxiety (FLCA) are linked to a range of learner-internal variables and teacher/classroom-specific variables within one specific educational context. Participants were 189 British high school students learning various FLs. Levels of FLE were linked to higher scores on attitudes towards the FL, the FL teacher, FL use in class, proportion of time spent on speaking, relative standing and stage of development. Lower levels FLCA were linked to higher scores on attitudes towards the FL, relative standing and stage of development. FLCA thus seems less related to teacher and teacher practices than FLE. The pedagogical implication is that teachers should strive to boost FLE rather than worry too much about students' FLCA.
文摘探讨4种不同运动时间和间歇模式的大强度间歇运动(HIIT)诱发愉悦情绪和享受感的效果差异。方法:将75名大学生随机分配至运动30 s间歇30 s组、运动1 min间歇1 min组、运动30 s间歇1min组和运动1 min间歇2 min组,分别于运动前、运动后即刻和20 min测量其享受感,并对运动中的疲劳感、愉悦情绪和享受感进行测试。结果:1)运动30 s间歇1 min HIIT相比运动1 min间歇2 min,运动30 s间歇30 s HIIT相比运动1 min间歇1 min HIIT均可诱发更积极的愉悦情绪。运动30 s间歇1 min HIIT诱发的愉悦情绪最高,运动1 min间歇1 min HIIT诱发的愉悦情绪最低。2)1:1间歇模式HIIT诱发的享受感水平低于1:2间歇模式,并且与运动30 s间歇30 s、运动1 min间歇1 min HIIT相比,运动1min间歇2 min HIIT诱发的享受感水平更高。3)运动30 s间歇1 min HIIT诱发的享受感水平显著高于运动1 min间歇1 min,相同间歇模式HIIT诱发的享受感水平没有显著差异。结论:1)运动时间和间歇时间等量时,运动时间越长,愉悦情绪越低,运动时间小于间歇时间的HIIT诱发的愉悦情绪更高。2)间歇期长的HIIT诱发的享受感水平更高,相同间歇模式的运动时间长短不影响运动后产生的享受感。3)短时间多组数HIIT是诱发愉悦情绪的最佳方案,长时间的间歇期HIIT是诱发享受感的最佳方案。
文摘English teaching in big classes, for Chinese college students, is the main channel to learn and practice English. In the process of a successful classroom teaching, students and teachers are required to cooperate with each other and mutually complete teaching activities in an enjoyable and harmonious atmosphere. This paper analyzes the current situation of College English teaching in China, and discusses the application of the methodology of ＂dual-way enjoyable teaching＂ in big classes, indicating that the classroom activities should be designed to enliven the class atmosphere, which is also the effective way to realize the aim of enjoyable teaching and enjoyable learning.
文摘Winter and summer are two wonderful seasons.Winter temperatures are cooler than summer ones.People enjoy bundling up in sweaters and other warm clothes.People can enjoy hot drinks.Some places have snow,so people can go sking and ice-skating.
文摘Hi,I’m Tony from Zhangjiagang Yangshe Experimental School,studying in Grade Four.My school life is bustling yet enjoyable,and I’d like to share a glimpse of it with you.
