Vegetable grafting has become an important method for developing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and increasing potential yield in agronomic practice.To determine the effects of grafting on tomato taste,we e...Vegetable grafting has become an important method for developing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and increasing potential yield in agronomic practice.To determine the effects of grafting on tomato taste,we examined the cultivated tomato‘Moneymaker’and the wild tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium,which have different fruit weights and qualities,to investigate the effect of grafting on sugars,acids,and volatiles in single-head and double-head grafted plants using GC-MS and LC-MS.We observed that the contents of sugars,acids and volatiles in heterografted tomato pericarps are influenced by rootstocks.Different metabolites exhibit distinct responses to the rootstock and might be associated with rootstock-scion interactions.Comparison of the metabolites in the heterogeneous fruit of the single-and double-head grafted plants indicates that the grafting method also influences the metabolic changes in grafted plants.Moreover,we also identified numerous mobile transcripts and determined that the mobile mRNAs are associated with metabolic processes in tomato leaves.Our work helps to elucidate the effect of genotype and graft method on fruit quality and may provide a basis for future research on rootstock breeding and selection in plants.展开更多
The combined stress of high temperature and high relative air humidity is one of the most serious agrometeorological disasters that restricts the production capacity of protected agriculture.However,there is little in...The combined stress of high temperature and high relative air humidity is one of the most serious agrometeorological disasters that restricts the production capacity of protected agriculture.However,there is little information about the precise interaction between them on tomato fruit quality.The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of the combined stress of high temperature and relative humidity on the sugar and acid metabolism and fruit quality of tomato fruits,and to determine the best relative air humidity for fruit quality under high temperature environments.Four temperature treatments(32℃,35℃,38℃,41℃),three relative air humidity(50%,70%,90%)and four duration(3,6,9,12 d)orthogonal experiments were conducted,with 28℃,50%as control.The results showed that under high temperature and relative air humidity,the activity of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in young tomato fruits changed,which reduced fruits soluble sugar content;in addition,enzyme activities involved phosphopyruvate carboxylase(PEPC),mitochondria aconitase(MDH)and citrate synthetase(CS)increased which increased the content of organic acids(especially malic acid).Eventually,vitamin C,total sugar and sugar-acid ratio decreased significantly,while the titratable acid increased,resulting in a decrease in fruit flavor quality and nutritional quality in ripe fruit.Specifically,a temperature of 32℃and a relative air humidity of 70%were the best cultivation conditions for tomato reproductive growth period under high temperature.Our results indicating that fruit quality reduced under high temperature at the flowering stage,while increasing the relative air humidity to 70%could alleviate this negative effect.Our results are benefit to better understand the interaction between microclimate parameters under specific climatic conditions in the greenhouse environment and their impact on tomato flavor quality.展开更多
Gamma irradiation mutagenesis is a technique commonly used to induce seedlessness in citrus fruits. We compared fruit quality traits of eight different seeded mandarin varieties within the Israeli citrus breeding coll...Gamma irradiation mutagenesis is a technique commonly used to induce seedlessness in citrus fruits. We compared fruit quality traits of eight different seeded mandarin varieties within the Israeli citrus breeding collection with those of their corresponding gamma-irradiated low-seeded mutants. The mandarin varieties compared were: “Rishon” with “Kedem”;“Michal” with irradiated “Michal”;“Merav” with “Meravit”;“Vered” with “Vardit”;“Ora” with “Or”;“Murcott” with “Mor”;“Shani” with irradiated “Shani”;“King” with irradiated “King”. Mutational breeding by gamma irradiation reduced average fruit seed number by 70% - 92%. Furthermore, mutational breeding by gamma irradiation delayed ripening of the early-season mandarin varieties “Rishon” and “Michal” by 8 - 13 days, but did not delay ripening of most mid- and late-season varieties. Gamma-irradia- tion mutagenesis also reduced fruit weight of seven of the eight tested low-seeded varieties by 6 - 41 g per fruit. Gamma-irradiation mutagenesis had variable effects on biochemical composition and nutritional quality, in that some irradiated clones presented no changes whereas other had either higher or lower levels of juice total soluble solids, acidity, vitamin C and total antioxidant activity. Finally, sensory evaluations by a trained panel revealed that the flavor of most of the low-seeded, gamma-irradiated varieties was slightly or significantly preferable to that of unirradiated varieties.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFD1000801)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Grant No. Y2020PT29)the Science Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘Vegetable grafting has become an important method for developing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and increasing potential yield in agronomic practice.To determine the effects of grafting on tomato taste,we examined the cultivated tomato‘Moneymaker’and the wild tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium,which have different fruit weights and qualities,to investigate the effect of grafting on sugars,acids,and volatiles in single-head and double-head grafted plants using GC-MS and LC-MS.We observed that the contents of sugars,acids and volatiles in heterografted tomato pericarps are influenced by rootstocks.Different metabolites exhibit distinct responses to the rootstock and might be associated with rootstock-scion interactions.Comparison of the metabolites in the heterogeneous fruit of the single-and double-head grafted plants indicates that the grafting method also influences the metabolic changes in grafted plants.Moreover,we also identified numerous mobile transcripts and determined that the mobile mRNAs are associated with metabolic processes in tomato leaves.Our work helps to elucidate the effect of genotype and graft method on fruit quality and may provide a basis for future research on rootstock breeding and selection in plants.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.41775104National Key Research and Development Plan of China under Grant No.2019FYD1002202.
文摘The combined stress of high temperature and high relative air humidity is one of the most serious agrometeorological disasters that restricts the production capacity of protected agriculture.However,there is little information about the precise interaction between them on tomato fruit quality.The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of the combined stress of high temperature and relative humidity on the sugar and acid metabolism and fruit quality of tomato fruits,and to determine the best relative air humidity for fruit quality under high temperature environments.Four temperature treatments(32℃,35℃,38℃,41℃),three relative air humidity(50%,70%,90%)and four duration(3,6,9,12 d)orthogonal experiments were conducted,with 28℃,50%as control.The results showed that under high temperature and relative air humidity,the activity of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in young tomato fruits changed,which reduced fruits soluble sugar content;in addition,enzyme activities involved phosphopyruvate carboxylase(PEPC),mitochondria aconitase(MDH)and citrate synthetase(CS)increased which increased the content of organic acids(especially malic acid).Eventually,vitamin C,total sugar and sugar-acid ratio decreased significantly,while the titratable acid increased,resulting in a decrease in fruit flavor quality and nutritional quality in ripe fruit.Specifically,a temperature of 32℃and a relative air humidity of 70%were the best cultivation conditions for tomato reproductive growth period under high temperature.Our results indicating that fruit quality reduced under high temperature at the flowering stage,while increasing the relative air humidity to 70%could alleviate this negative effect.Our results are benefit to better understand the interaction between microclimate parameters under specific climatic conditions in the greenhouse environment and their impact on tomato flavor quality.
文摘Gamma irradiation mutagenesis is a technique commonly used to induce seedlessness in citrus fruits. We compared fruit quality traits of eight different seeded mandarin varieties within the Israeli citrus breeding collection with those of their corresponding gamma-irradiated low-seeded mutants. The mandarin varieties compared were: “Rishon” with “Kedem”;“Michal” with irradiated “Michal”;“Merav” with “Meravit”;“Vered” with “Vardit”;“Ora” with “Or”;“Murcott” with “Mor”;“Shani” with irradiated “Shani”;“King” with irradiated “King”. Mutational breeding by gamma irradiation reduced average fruit seed number by 70% - 92%. Furthermore, mutational breeding by gamma irradiation delayed ripening of the early-season mandarin varieties “Rishon” and “Michal” by 8 - 13 days, but did not delay ripening of most mid- and late-season varieties. Gamma-irradia- tion mutagenesis also reduced fruit weight of seven of the eight tested low-seeded varieties by 6 - 41 g per fruit. Gamma-irradiation mutagenesis had variable effects on biochemical composition and nutritional quality, in that some irradiated clones presented no changes whereas other had either higher or lower levels of juice total soluble solids, acidity, vitamin C and total antioxidant activity. Finally, sensory evaluations by a trained panel revealed that the flavor of most of the low-seeded, gamma-irradiated varieties was slightly or significantly preferable to that of unirradiated varieties.
