Soybean seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and mineral composition as influenced by soybean-corn rotation

Effects of crop rotation on soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) seed composition have not been well investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soybean-corn (Zea mays L.) rotations on seed protein, oil, and fatty acids composition on soybean. Soybeans were grown at Stoneville, MS, from 2005 to 2008 in five different scheduled cropping sequences. In 2007, following three years of rotation with corn, seed oleic acid percentage was significantly higher in any crop rotation than continuous soybean. The increase of oleic fatty acid ranged from 61 to 68% in 2007, and from 27 to 51% in 2008, depending on the rotation. The increase of oleic acid was accompanied by significant increases in seed concentrations of phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and boron (B). In 2007, the increase of P ranged from 60 to 75%, Fe from 70 to 72%, and B from 34 to 69%. In 2008, the increase of P ranged from 82 to 106%, Fe from 32 to 84%, and B from 62 to 77%. Continuous soybean had higher linoleic:oleic ratio and linoleic: palmitic + stearic + oleic ratio, indicating that relative quantity of linoleic acid decreased in rotated crops. The total production of protein, oil, stearic and oleic fatty acids was the lowest in continuous soybean. The total production of palmitic acid was inconsistent across years. The results show that soybean- corn rotation affects seed composition by consistently increasing seed oleic fatty acid, P, Fe, and B concentrations. Higher oleic acid, unsaturated fatty acid, is desirable for oil stability and long-shelf storage. The mechanisms of how these nutrients are involved are not yet understood.

Transcriptional proffling between yellow-and black-seeded Brassica napus reveals molecular modulations on flavonoid and fatty acid content

Brassica napus is an important cash crop broadly grown for the vegetable and oil values.Yellow-seeded B.napus is preferred by breeders due to its improved oil and protein quality,less pigments and lignin compared with the blackseeded counterpart.This study compared the differences in flavonoid and fatty acid contents between yellow rapeseed from the progenies of B.napus-Sinapis alba somatic hybrids and the black-seeded counterpart using RNA-seq analysis.Through HPLC-PDA-ESI(-)/MSanalysis,it was found that phenylpropanoids and flavonoids(i.e.,isorhamnetin,epicatechin,kaempferol,and other derivatives)in yellow seed were significantly lower than those in black seed.The fatty acid(FA)content in yellow rapeseed was higher than that in black rapeseed due to the variation of C16:0,C18:0,C18:1,C18:2,and C18:3 contents.RNA-seq analysis of seeds at four and five weeks after flowering(WAF)indicated that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between black and yellow rapeseeds were enriched in flavonoid and FA biosynthesis,including BnTT3,BnTT4,BnTT18,and BnFAD2.Also,genes related to FA biosynthesis,desaturation and elongation(FAD3,LEC1,FUS3,and LPAT2)in yellow seed were up-regulated compared to those in black seed,while genes involved in beta-oxidation cycle(AIM1 and KAT2)of yellow seed were down-regulated compared to those in black seed.The DEGs related to the variation of flavonoids,phenylpropanoids,and FAs would help improve the knowledge of yellow seed character in B.napus and promote rapeseed improvement.

Effects of chelating agents on protein, oil, fatty acids, and minerals in soybean seed

Soybean seed is a major source of protein and oil for human diet. Since not much information is available on the effects of chelating agents on soybean seed composition constituents, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of various chelating agents on soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)] seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and mineral concentrations. Three chelating agent [citric acid (CA), disodium EDTA (DA), and Salicylic acid (SA)] were applied separately or combined with ferrous (Fe2+) ion (CA + Fe, EDTA + Fe, and SA + Fe) to three-week-old soybean plants. After application, the plants were allowed to grow until harvest maturity under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that CA, DA, SA, and Fe resulted in an increase of oleic acid from 13.0% to 33.5%. However, these treatments resulted in a decrease of linolenic acid from 17.8 to 31.0%. The treatments with CA and SA applications increased protein from 2.9% to 3.4%. The treatments DA + Fe and SA + Fe resulted in an increase in oil from 6.8% to 7.9%. Seed macro- and micro-elements were also altered. The results indicated that the CA, SA, DA, and Fe treatments can alter seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and mineral concentrations. Further studies are needed for conclusive results.

Effects of Genetics and Environment on Fatty Acid Stability in Soybean Seed

Although seed oil production and composition are genetically controlled, changes of oil level and oil composition across genotypes and environments such as drought and temperature were observed. The mechanisms of how genotypes interact with environment, affecting oil production and composition, are still not well understood. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of drought/water stress and temperature on soybean genotypes. Two soybean genotypes of maturity group (MG) II (PI 597411 B and PI 597408) and two of MG VI (Arksoy and PI 437726) were used. A repeated greenhouse experiment to study the effect of water stress and a repeated growth chamber experiment to study the effect of temperature were conducted. The results showed that both water stress and high temperature altered seed oil composition by increasing oleic acid and decreasing linoleic and linolenic acid concentrations. Severe water stress (soil water potential between -150 to -200 kPa) or high temperature (40/33℃, day/night) resulted in higher palmitic acid and lower stearic acid. Genotypes differed in their responses to water stress or temperature. Analyses of seed carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose) showed a significant decline of glucose, fructose, and sucrose and a significant increase of stachyose concentration by water stress and high temperature. Analyses of natural abundance of δ15N and δ13C isotopes showed changes in sources of nitrogen and carbon fixation, possibly affecting nitrogen and carbon metabolism pathways. The research demonstrated that both water stress and high temperature altered oil production and composition, and this could be partially related to limited availability and movement of carbohydrates from leaves to seed. Further research to investigate the enzymes controlling fatty acids conversion and nitrogen and carbon metabolism is needed.

Soybean seed protein, oil, and fatty acids are altered by S and S + N fertilizers under irrigated or non-irrigated environments

Information on the effect of sulfur (S) or sulfur+nitrogen (S + N) on soybean seed composition is scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of S, and S + N fertilizers on soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)] seed composition in the Early Soybean Production System (ESPS) under irrigated (I) and nonirrigated (NI) environments. Two separate field experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2007. One experiment was irrigated, and the second experiment was nonirrigated. Under I condition, S at a rate of 44.8 kg/ha alone or with N at 112 kg/ha resulted in a consistent increase in seed protein and oleic acid concentrations, and a decrease in oil and linolenic acid concentrations compared with the control (C). For example, in 2006 and compared with the C, application of S + N increased the percentage up to 11.4% and 48.5% for protein and oleic acid, respectively. However, oil concentration decreased by 3%. Protein and oleic acid increase were accompanied by a higher percentage of leaf and seed N and S. Under NI conditions, seed protein and oleic acid concentrations were significantly higher in C than in any S or S + N treatments, but the oil and linolenic acid concentrations were significantly lower. The results indicate that specific rate of S alone or S + N combined can alter seed composition under irrigated or nonirrigated conditions. This knowledge may help plant breeders to develop and release cultivars to suit specific target locations to grow new value-added soybeans or select for specific seed composition traits under specific environmental stress factors such as drought.

Seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and minerals concentration as affected by foliar K-glyphosate applications in soybean cultivars

Previous studies showed that glyphosate (Gly) may chelate cation nutrients, including potassium (K), which might affect the nutritional status of soybean seed. The objective of this study was to evaluate seed composition (protein, oil, fatty acids, and minerals) as influenced by foliar applications of K + Gly. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Mississippi Valley State University, using two glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars DK 4968 and Pioneer 95Y70 grown in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were foliar applications of K alone, Gly alone, K + Gly combined, and nontreated control (C). A single application of potassium (1.75% as K2SO4) was applied, and Gly was applied at a rate of 0.75 ae/ha at V5 stage. Leaf samples were harvested one week after treatment (1WAT) and 3WAT. Mature seeds were collected at harvest maturity (R8). The results showed that K, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations increased in leaves in K alone and K + Gly treatments at 1WAT, but significantly increased at 3WAT in all treatments. The concentration of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) showed a decrease in leaf concentration in Gly and K + Gly treatments compared to C. Boron (B) concentration increased in Gly treatment. Seed protein percentage was higher in all treatments in cultivar DK 4968, and the increase was about 4.0% in K treatment, 6.9% in Gly treatment, and 3.5% in K + Gly treatment compared to C. The opposite trend was observed in oil concentration, especially in Gly treatment where the percentage decrease was 11.2% compared to C. Stearic fatty acid was significantly higher in K + Gly treatment compared to K treatment for DK 4968. A higher percentage increase in linolenic acid was observed in DK 4968 in K treatment (an increase of 24.5%) and in K + Gly treatment (an increase of 29.5%) compared to C. In Pioneer 95Y70, the decrease in oil was 2.7% in K treatment and 2.3% in K + Gly treatment compared to C. Stearic acid in Pioneer 95Y70 was significantly higher in Gly treatment, an increase of 8.3%, compared to C. Our research demonstrated that foliar application of K and Gly altered mineral concentration in leaves and shifted seed composition towards protein and stearic concentration. Further research under field conditions is needed before final conclusions are made.

Soybean Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Isoflavones Altered by Potassium Fertilizer Rates in the Midsouth

Previous research has shown that the effect of potassium fertilizer on soybean ([Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed composition (protein, oil, fatty acids, and isoflavones) is still largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of potassium application on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and isoflavones under Midsouth environmental conditions. A three-year experiment was conducted in two locations (Milan, TN and Jackson, TN). Potassium (K) rates were applied in the form of K2O at a rate of 0 (Control, C), 45 (T1), 90 (T2), 134 (T3), and 179 (T4) kg·ha-1 in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that increasing the K application rate did not result in consistent effects on yield. However, increasing K application rate did increase protein, oleic acid, and individual and total isoflavone concentrations at both locations in 2008 and 2009. In Jackson in 2010, the increase of K rate did not change oleic acid, but resulted in an increase in glycitein and genistein isoflavone concentrations. In 2010, increasing K application rate increased protein concentrations, decreased individual and total isoflavones, and did not change oleic acid concentration at Milan. At the highest rate of K, 179 kg·ha-1, yield and some seed composition constituents were negatively impacted. Generally, K concentration in leaves at V5, R1, R3, and seed at harvest maturity stage (R8) increased with the increase of K rate applications. The research demonstrated that K application can alter seed composition, but this alteration depended on location, environmental stress factors, mainly heat and drought, K level in soil, and K application rate. Higher rates of K application may negatively impact seed composition constituents.

Genetic Variation among <i>Cucurbita pepo</i>Accessions Varying in Seed Nutrition and Seed Size

Pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a nutritionally valuable food and a significant source of income globally. Pumpkin seeds are rich in oil, protein, unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols, which are associated with improved human health. Understanding the genetic diversity among pumpkin accessions varying in seed nutrition traits is necessary for designing sound breeding strategies for developing superior cultivars. In the current study, 26 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were used to assess genetic relatedness among 29 C. pepo accessions varying in seed oil, seed protein, seed-coat phenotype, seed size and fatty acid composition. The SSR markers revealed 102 alleles averaging 3.92 alleles per loci and mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.44. Eleven of the markers had a PIC of ≥0.5. Ward dendrogram and principle component analysis based on seed traits grouped the genotypes into two major clusters corresponding to subspecies pepo and texana, with all the reduced-hull accessions grouping within the former. Collectively, this data suggests wide phenotypic (seed traits) and genotypic variation within C. pepo that may be exploited to develop superior reduced-hull cultivars.

Rapid identification and preliminary evaluation of quality characters of oilseed sunflower by near infrared spectroscopy

To clarify the quality characters,understand the genetic diversity and screen elite lines among different oilseed sunflowers,the contents of crude fat,oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid of 525 oil sunflowers(including 375 germplasm accessions and 150 inbred lines)were detected by near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS);the genetic variation and correlation analysis of quality traits were also performed.The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid had rich diversities with large variation ranges for each material type.Similar to the relation between crude fat content and palmitic acid content,significantly negative relation with high estimated value existed between oleic acid and linoleic acid content,while stearic acid content positively associated with oleic acid and palmitic acid content.Principal component analysis indicated that 5 quality traits were integrated into 2principal component factors(linoleic acid negative factor and palmitic acid factor)with the contribution rate of 88.191%,which could be used for evaluating sunflower quality.525 oilseed sunflowers were clustered into 3groups with obvious differences of quality characters,materials in Group I had high contents of oleic acid and low crude fat,but the opposite was found in GroupⅢ.59 superior quality accessions were obtained using large-scale and rapid near-infrared spectroscopy,and these excellent materials were verified by the traditional national chemical standard method.This research provided materials and significant reference for sunflower genetic research and quality breeding.

Effects of Foliage Boron-Spraying on Seed Yields and Fatty Acid Composition of Tree Peony(Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’)

The influence of the foliage boron（B）-spaying concentration on the yield and fatty acid composition of tree peony（Paeonia ostii ＇Feng Dan＇） was explored in the experiment of 2014-2015. In this research, a statistically significant correlation was found between the mass concentration of foliage boron-spraying and tree peony seed yield. Maximum yield increment of tree peony seeds was obtained when the boron-spraying concentration was 4 g/L. The composition of fatty acid was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）, and the main components of the fatty acid composition were quantified by internal standard method. The increase in the oil extraction rate after foliage boron-spraying nutrition of different concentration was significant and ranged between 0.04% and 11.43%. Seed oil production and oil extraction rate were also increased due to the increase of seed yields. Furthermore, foliage boron-spraying had a significant effect on the content of linolenic acid and linoleic acid in seed oil.

不同产地文冠果籽特性及其籽油理化指标差异分析

目的研究不同产地文冠果种子特性及籽油的脂肪酸组成。方法从全国11个省(区)收集21份文冠果材料,对其形态特征和种仁含油率等指标进行测定,进一步采用CO_(2)超临界萃取技术提取文冠果籽油,利用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)检测其脂肪酸组成及相对含量。结果不同产地文冠果种子的横径和纵径差异不大,但千粒重、种仁重和种仁出油率有显著差异。其中,山东省临沂市所产的文冠果种仁含油量为最高,达50.49%。文冠果籽油中共检测出棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸、二十碳一烯酸、芥酸和神经酸7种脂肪酸。不同产地籽油中单不饱和脂肪酸含量在35.06%~55.96%之间,多不饱和脂肪酸在32.60%~64.64%之间,不饱和脂肪酸含量差异显著。结论文冠果籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,还含有少见的功能性神经酸,是营养价值很高的一种木本油料作物。综合分析种子形态和脂肪酸组成,发现内蒙古赤峰和山东临沂地区的文冠果种子千粒重、种仁出油率和不饱和脂肪酸含量高于其他地区,品质较优。

葡萄籽原花青素对生长育肥猪脂质代谢及脂肪酸组成的影响

目的研究葡萄籽原花青素(grape seed procyanidins,GSPs)对生长育肥猪背最长肌脂质代谢的影响。方法48头杂交猪随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础饲粮和在基础饲粮中添加150、200和250 mg/kg GSPs的饲粮。试验期90 d,饲养试验结束后屠宰取背最长肌测定脂质和脂肪酸组成。结果饲粮中添加200、250 mg/kg GSPs显著降低了背最长肌甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量(p<0.05);饲粮中添加不同浓度的GSPs均提高了多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量(p=0.010),显著降低了猪背最长肌饱和脂肪酸含量(p<0.001),200 mg/kg GSPs显著提高了单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的含量(p=0.004)。结论饲粮添加GSPs降低了猪背最长肌TG、TC、尤其是LDL-C的含量,降低了SFA含量,提高了MUFA和PUFA含量。200 mg/kg GSPs对于改善生长育肥猪脂质代谢和脂肪酸组成效果最好。

油茶籽油品质性状研究进展

油茶籽油的品质和质量是衡量油茶品质的关键标准之一。目前,油茶籽油品质高低的评价指标主要集中在理化性质、脂肪酸组成及功能性营养成分等方面。其中不饱和脂肪酸总量、角鲨烯、维生素E的含量以及酸值、过氧化值等是评价油茶籽油品质的重要依据之一。随着油茶籽油品质性状的比较研究逐渐增多,对于这些性状合成相关基因的集中研究显得不够深入,并且大多数基因之间的相互作用机制尚未清楚。为进一步了解品质性状对油茶良种选育的影响,为选育高品质油茶品种提供参考,本文综述了油茶籽油脂肪酸组成及生物活性成分等品质性状的研究,并探讨了影响品质性状的因素。同时,分析了脂肪酸和功能性营养成分合成代谢相关基因的深层次分子研究进展,对开发油茶重要品质性状关联的分子标记具有指导意义。

湖南省主要品种油茶籽油的营养品质研究

我国长江流域及以南地区,都是油茶种植的最佳地区,以湖南省种植面积为最多。为探究湖南不同油茶的生产适应性,分析湖南不同油茶品种的差异性,研究不同品种对油茶籽油品质的影响,包括湖南省6个全国主推品种:华鑫、华金、华硕、湘林210、湘林1号和湘林27号,还有其他主要种植品种,如衡东大桃系列、湘林系列、和湘林97号。该研究对不同品种油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成与活性物质含量进行分析检测,应用聚类分析和主成分分析方法综合评价。结果显示,油茶籽油主要脂肪酸为油酸、棕榈酸和亚油酸;不饱和脂肪酸含量超过88%。油茶籽油中甾醇总含量为583.35~1623.79 mg/kg,主要组分为Δ7-豆甾烯醇和β-谷甾醇,占甾醇总量85%以上。油茶籽油中生育酚以α-生育酚为主,占总生育酚80%以上。油茶籽油的角鲨烯含量为70.49~304.32 mg/kg。油茶籽油中多酚含量为3.37~19.14 mg/kg。聚类分析将油茶籽油样品分为5类,主成分分析结果表明,Y15华硕油茶籽油综合评分最高。

超声辅助提取栀子油的理化性质与脂肪酸组成分析

试验以栀子为研究对象,采用超声辅助提取栀子油,研究其理化性质与脂肪酸组成。结果表明:栀子油的酸值、碘值、皂化值、磷脂含量、水分及挥发物的含量分别为1.84mgKOH/g、120.72 g/100 g、193.3 mgKOH/g、1.54 mg/g和1.65%。栀子油主要含有14种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸的含量为82.66%,以亚油酸和油酸为主,含量分别为59.25%和21.47%;饱和脂肪酸中含量最高的是棕榈酸(8.78%)。栀子含油量较高,营养物质丰富,脂肪酸组成无限接近于世界卫生组织和中国营养学会提出的1:1:1的黄金比例,是一种开发价值较高的潜在油料资源。

我国药用植物种子油研究进展

药用植物种子含有的脂肪酸及各类活性成分赋予其种子油独特开发优势。文章从我国已被提取获得种子油的药用植物概况,及药用植物种子油提取方法、脂肪酸组成及其随种子成熟过程的动态变化、微量营养成分、生物学活性、常见用途等多方面,对我国药用植物种子油的相关研究成果进行了全面综述,以期为进一步推进我国药用植物种子油的基础研究与综合利用提供参考。

超临界二氧化碳萃取元宝枫籽油工艺优化

为了得到品质优良的元宝枫籽油产品,采用超临界二氧化碳萃取元宝枫籽油,以油脂萃取率为指标,通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化工艺条件,并对所得元宝枫籽油的脂肪酸组成、理化指标、甾醇和生育酚含量进行分析。结果表明:超临界二氧化碳萃取元宝枫籽油的最优工艺条件为原料粒度380~830μm(20~40目)、二氧化碳流量28 L/h、萃取温度37℃、萃取压力44 MPa、萃取时间100 min,在该条件下油脂萃取率达(98.7±0.2)%;元宝枫籽油中神经酸含量高达9.34%,总不饱和脂肪酸含量为86.7%,各项理化指标均符合相关标准,总甾醇和总生育酚含量分别为988.1μg/g和991.4μg/g,综合品质优于正己烷萃取和低温压榨制取的油脂。综上,超临界二氧化碳萃取元宝枫籽油的萃取率高,产品品质优良,是一种绿色、高效的提油技术。

连续相变萃取南瓜籽油的工艺优化及其成分分析

为了高效萃取南瓜籽油,充分发挥其应用价值,本研究采用连续相变萃取技术(continuous phase transition extraction,CPE)提取南瓜籽油,以提取率及活性成分含量为指标,研究萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取压力、解析温度对南瓜籽油提取效果的影响,通过响应面设计确定最佳提取工艺参数,并与超临界流体萃取技术(supercritical fluid extraction,SFE)和螺旋压榨法(screw pressing,SP)对比,对南瓜籽油的提取率、活性成分含量、理化性质和脂肪酸组成进行比较分析。结果表明,CPE萃取南瓜籽油的最佳工艺参数为:萃取温度46℃、萃取时间72 min、萃取压力0.51 MPa、解析温度65℃。此工艺参数下南瓜籽油的提取率高达96.75%,比SFE和SP法分别提高14.49%和35.24%;而总酚、类胡萝卜素、甾醇、锌含量分别为1333.80 mg/kg、8.41 mg/kg、2.59 mg/g和9.61 mg/100 g,分别是SFE法的1.56、2.29、1.17、1.40倍,分别是SP法的1.54、2.56、1.89、2.46倍。CPE所得南瓜籽油为澄清透明、粘稠性的液体,风味清香,其酸价、碘值和过氧化值的理化指标均符合LS/T 3250-2017标准的要求;气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析鉴定出7种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸和油酸占总脂肪酸含量的82.32%,比SFE和SP法分别提高5.66%和8.99%。该研究表明连续相变萃取技术在兼顾南瓜籽油提取率及活性成分含量的情况下,可以有效缓解油脂氧化酸败程度、提高不饱和脂肪酸含量,为高活性南瓜籽油的工业化连续性生产提供了参考。

麻阳冰糖橙种子油超声波提取及其脂肪酸组成的分析

为了提高冰糖橙的价值,以冰糖橙种子出油率为指标,采用正交实验优化超声波辅助提取冰糖橙种子油工艺,国标的方法检测其理化性质,GC-MS分析其脂肪酸组成。结果表明:在超声时间为12 min,超声温度为55℃,料液比为1∶10的条件下,冰糖橙种子的出油率达到最高为32.49%。冰糖橙种子油为黄绿色,过氧化值为5.24 mmol/kg、酸值为0.85 mg KOH/g、相对密度(d 2020)0.934、碘值为103 g I/100 g、折光指数为1.4745。冰糖橙种子油中含有6种脂肪酸,其中棕榈酸24.46%,硬脂酸5.58%,油酸25.97%,亚油酸40.40%,亚麻酸3.16%,花生酸0.43%。

低温锡箔烘烤和微波处理对南瓜籽油脂肪酸组成变化及货架期影响的研究

比较低温锡箔烘烤和微波处理2种常用加工方式对南瓜籽油储藏期间中性脂肪酸、磷脂脂肪酸与总脂肪酸组成的影响,同时,通过测定南瓜籽油酸价(Acid value,AV)与过氧化值(Peroxide value,POV)的变化,结合一级化学反应动力学方程和Arrhenius方程建立南瓜籽油储藏动力学模型预测其货架期变化。低温锡箔烘烤和微波预处理的南瓜籽油总脂肪酸中PUFA相对含量均较丰富,从脂肪酸组成角度来看耐储性良好,低温锡箔烘烤组较微波组货架期更长。