In the production(as co-fuel or alone)of solid refuse fuel(SRF),knowledge about the characteristics of the raw materials is required for an ecofriendly and effective combustion process.SRFs are commonly produced by dr...In the production(as co-fuel or alone)of solid refuse fuel(SRF),knowledge about the characteristics of the raw materials is required for an ecofriendly and effective combustion process.SRFs are commonly produced by drying combustible waste and removing incombustible matter,resulting in a higher combustibility as compared to the original waste.However,the characteristics of SRFs may highly vary depending on where and from which materials they were produced.Thus,we investigated the characteristics of various SRFs using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).As a TGA sample is commonly small,on the scale of milligrams,and,unlike homogeneous fuels,SRFs are heterogeneous,individual SRF samples analysed with this method may not represent the bulk material,and sample properties may vary significantly between batches.Therefore,we further performed combustion experiments using a small-scale combustor and sample sizes from 1 to 10 g.To optimise SRF combustor design and determine the SRF characteristics,proximate,elemental,heating value,TG,and differential thermogravimetric analyses were conducted,and weight losses and gas concentrations at different temperatures were measured upon combustion.The lower heating values of the three analysed SRFs were 20,976,16,873,and 19,762 kJ/kg,and their Cl contents were 0.89,0.95,and 1.27 wt.%(legal criterion[Cl]<2.0 wt.%).TGA and small combustor experiments showed that complete weight loss was achieved below 500°C.However,CO was detected until 620°C.展开更多
Transportation fuels derived from imported fossil fuels are subjected to the price fluctuations of the global marketplace, and constitute a major expense in the operation of a vehicle. Emissions from the evaporation a...Transportation fuels derived from imported fossil fuels are subjected to the price fluctuations of the global marketplace, and constitute a major expense in the operation of a vehicle. Emissions from the evaporation and combustion of these fuels contribute to a range of environmental and health problems, causing poor air quality and emitting greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Alternative fuel created from domestic sources has been proposed as a solution to these problems, and many fuels are being developed based on biomass and other renewable sources. Natural State Research, Inc. proposes a different alternative hydrocarbon fuel which is produced from abundant waste plastic materials. This fuel burns more efficiently and cleaner than commercial gasoline and diesel. The process exists to efficiently convert waste plastic into a reliable low cost source of fuel.展开更多
In this paper,a novel polygeneration system involving plasma gasifier,pyrolysis reactor,gas turbine(GT),supercritical CO_(2)(S-CO_(2))cycle,and organic Rankine cycle(ORC)has been developed.In the proposed scheme,the s...In this paper,a novel polygeneration system involving plasma gasifier,pyrolysis reactor,gas turbine(GT),supercritical CO_(2)(S-CO_(2))cycle,and organic Rankine cycle(ORC)has been developed.In the proposed scheme,the syngas is obtained by the gasification and the pyrolysis is first burned and drives the gas turbine for power generation,and then the resulting hot exhaust gas is applied to heat the working fluid for the supercritical CO_(2)cycle and the working fluid for the bottom organic Rankine cycle.In addition to the electrical output,the pyrolysis subsystem also produces pyrolysis oil and char.Accordingly,energy recovery is achieved while treating waste in a non-hazardous manner.The performance of the new scheme was examined by numerous methods,containing energy analysis,exergy analysis,and economic analysis.It is found that the net total energy output of the polygeneration system could attain 19.89 MW with a net total energy efficiency of 52.77%,and the total exergy efficiency of 50.14%.Besides,the dynamic payback period for the restoration of the proposed project is only 3.31 years,and the relative net present value of 77552640 USD can be achieved during its 20-year lifetime.展开更多
The current linear economy assumes abundant,easily accessible,and cost-effective natural resources.However,this assumption is unsustainable,especially considering the world’s current trajectory exceeding the Earth’s...The current linear economy assumes abundant,easily accessible,and cost-effective natural resources.However,this assumption is unsustainable,especially considering the world’s current trajectory exceeding the Earth’s ecological limits.In contrast,circular economy(CE)reduces wastes and improves resource efficiency,making them a more sustainable alternative to the dominant linear model.Biomass energy generated from agricultural leftovers,forestry wastes,and municipal trash provides a renewable substitute for fossil fuels.This reduces greenhouse gas emissions and improves energy security.Proper waste management,including trash reduction,recycling,and innovative waste-to-energy technology,reduces the burden on landfills and incineration and creates renewable energy from materials that would otherwise go to waste.Although integrating these techniques is consistent with the CE’s resource efficiency and waste minimization principles,it requires addressing environmental,technical,and socioeconomic challenges.Given the pressing global issues,transitioning to a CE and implementing sustainable environmental practices are crucial to mitigate the current waste management crisis.The aim of this study is to emphasize the viability of biomass as a source of sustainable energy,the necessity of comprehensive strategies that prioritize ecological sustainability,community involvement,and innovation to achieve a circular principle based future,and the potential obstacles to the implementation of sustainable environmental practices.This study will aid in implementing CE practices to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and landfill loads.Beyond environmental benefits,it can also bring economic,social,and health improvements.Furthermore,this study will assist societies in addressing global issues,such as resource scarcity,pollution,and climate change,as well as transitioning to a more sustainable and resilient future.展开更多
Currently, most developing countries have not set up municipal solid waste management systems with a view of recovering energy from waste or reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, we have studied the poss...Currently, most developing countries have not set up municipal solid waste management systems with a view of recovering energy from waste or reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, we have studied the possible effects of introducing three energy recovery processes either as a single or combination approach, refuse derived fuel production,incineration and waste power generation, and methane gas recovery from landfill and power generation in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, as a case study. We concluded that incineration process is the most suitable as first introduction of energy recovery. To operate it efficiently,3Rs strategies need to be promoted. And then, RDF production which is made of waste papers and plastics in high level of sorting may be considered as the second step of energy recovery.However, safety control and marketability of RDF will be required at that moment.展开更多
基金supported by the Korea Environment Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)through a Public Technology Program based on the Environmental Policy Program funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)[Grant number:2016000710008].
文摘In the production(as co-fuel or alone)of solid refuse fuel(SRF),knowledge about the characteristics of the raw materials is required for an ecofriendly and effective combustion process.SRFs are commonly produced by drying combustible waste and removing incombustible matter,resulting in a higher combustibility as compared to the original waste.However,the characteristics of SRFs may highly vary depending on where and from which materials they were produced.Thus,we investigated the characteristics of various SRFs using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).As a TGA sample is commonly small,on the scale of milligrams,and,unlike homogeneous fuels,SRFs are heterogeneous,individual SRF samples analysed with this method may not represent the bulk material,and sample properties may vary significantly between batches.Therefore,we further performed combustion experiments using a small-scale combustor and sample sizes from 1 to 10 g.To optimise SRF combustor design and determine the SRF characteristics,proximate,elemental,heating value,TG,and differential thermogravimetric analyses were conducted,and weight losses and gas concentrations at different temperatures were measured upon combustion.The lower heating values of the three analysed SRFs were 20,976,16,873,and 19,762 kJ/kg,and their Cl contents were 0.89,0.95,and 1.27 wt.%(legal criterion[Cl]<2.0 wt.%).TGA and small combustor experiments showed that complete weight loss was achieved below 500°C.However,CO was detected until 620°C.
文摘Transportation fuels derived from imported fossil fuels are subjected to the price fluctuations of the global marketplace, and constitute a major expense in the operation of a vehicle. Emissions from the evaporation and combustion of these fuels contribute to a range of environmental and health problems, causing poor air quality and emitting greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Alternative fuel created from domestic sources has been proposed as a solution to these problems, and many fuels are being developed based on biomass and other renewable sources. Natural State Research, Inc. proposes a different alternative hydrocarbon fuel which is produced from abundant waste plastic materials. This fuel burns more efficiently and cleaner than commercial gasoline and diesel. The process exists to efficiently convert waste plastic into a reliable low cost source of fuel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(No.52106008)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51821004)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(No.2020B1212060048).
文摘In this paper,a novel polygeneration system involving plasma gasifier,pyrolysis reactor,gas turbine(GT),supercritical CO_(2)(S-CO_(2))cycle,and organic Rankine cycle(ORC)has been developed.In the proposed scheme,the syngas is obtained by the gasification and the pyrolysis is first burned and drives the gas turbine for power generation,and then the resulting hot exhaust gas is applied to heat the working fluid for the supercritical CO_(2)cycle and the working fluid for the bottom organic Rankine cycle.In addition to the electrical output,the pyrolysis subsystem also produces pyrolysis oil and char.Accordingly,energy recovery is achieved while treating waste in a non-hazardous manner.The performance of the new scheme was examined by numerous methods,containing energy analysis,exergy analysis,and economic analysis.It is found that the net total energy output of the polygeneration system could attain 19.89 MW with a net total energy efficiency of 52.77%,and the total exergy efficiency of 50.14%.Besides,the dynamic payback period for the restoration of the proposed project is only 3.31 years,and the relative net present value of 77552640 USD can be achieved during its 20-year lifetime.
基金granting research funds (BT/NER/143/SP44344/2021) to Nanda Nath Saikia College under the North Eastern Region (NER) Biotech Hub Program。
文摘The current linear economy assumes abundant,easily accessible,and cost-effective natural resources.However,this assumption is unsustainable,especially considering the world’s current trajectory exceeding the Earth’s ecological limits.In contrast,circular economy(CE)reduces wastes and improves resource efficiency,making them a more sustainable alternative to the dominant linear model.Biomass energy generated from agricultural leftovers,forestry wastes,and municipal trash provides a renewable substitute for fossil fuels.This reduces greenhouse gas emissions and improves energy security.Proper waste management,including trash reduction,recycling,and innovative waste-to-energy technology,reduces the burden on landfills and incineration and creates renewable energy from materials that would otherwise go to waste.Although integrating these techniques is consistent with the CE’s resource efficiency and waste minimization principles,it requires addressing environmental,technical,and socioeconomic challenges.Given the pressing global issues,transitioning to a CE and implementing sustainable environmental practices are crucial to mitigate the current waste management crisis.The aim of this study is to emphasize the viability of biomass as a source of sustainable energy,the necessity of comprehensive strategies that prioritize ecological sustainability,community involvement,and innovation to achieve a circular principle based future,and the potential obstacles to the implementation of sustainable environmental practices.This study will aid in implementing CE practices to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and landfill loads.Beyond environmental benefits,it can also bring economic,social,and health improvements.Furthermore,this study will assist societies in addressing global issues,such as resource scarcity,pollution,and climate change,as well as transitioning to a more sustainable and resilient future.
基金supported by the Showa Shell Sekiyu Foundation for the promotion of environmental researchpartially by the Asahi Glass Foundation (grant number 68)
文摘Currently, most developing countries have not set up municipal solid waste management systems with a view of recovering energy from waste or reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, we have studied the possible effects of introducing three energy recovery processes either as a single or combination approach, refuse derived fuel production,incineration and waste power generation, and methane gas recovery from landfill and power generation in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, as a case study. We concluded that incineration process is the most suitable as first introduction of energy recovery. To operate it efficiently,3Rs strategies need to be promoted. And then, RDF production which is made of waste papers and plastics in high level of sorting may be considered as the second step of energy recovery.However, safety control and marketability of RDF will be required at that moment.
