To obtain the fundamental data of CO2/N2 gas mixture hydrate formation kinetics and CO2 separation and sequestration mechanisms,the gas hydrate formation process by a binary CO2/N2 gas mixture(50:50)in fine sediments(...To obtain the fundamental data of CO2/N2 gas mixture hydrate formation kinetics and CO2 separation and sequestration mechanisms,the gas hydrate formation process by a binary CO2/N2 gas mixture(50:50)in fine sediments(150–250μm)was investigated in a semibatch vessel at variable temperatures(273,275,and 277 K)and pressures(5.8–7.8 MPa).During the gas hydrate reaction process,the changes in the gaseous phase composition were determined by gas chromatography.The results indicate that the gas hydrate formation process of the binary CO2/N2 gas mixture in fine sediments can be reduced to two stages.Firstly,the dissolved gas containing a large amount of CO2 formed gas hydrates,and then gaseous N2 participated in the gas hydrate formation.In the second stage,all the dissolved gas was consumed.Thus,both gaseous CO2 and N2 diffused into sediment.The first stage in different experiments lasted for 5–15 h,and>60%of the gas was consumed in this period.The gas consumption rate was greater in the first stage than in the second stage.After the completion of gas hydrate formation,the CO2 content in the gas hydrate was more than that in the gas phase.This indicates that CO2 formed hydrate easily than N2 in the binary mixture.Higher operating pressures and lower temperatures increased the gas consumption rate of the binary gas mixture in gas hydrate formation.展开更多
Unilamellar vesicles from the mixtures of 1:1 sodium 10-undecenoate and trimethyl[2-(10-undecenoyloxy)ethyl]ammonium iodide in the mixed solvents of ethanol and heptane can be formed spontaneously or by sonication. Th...Unilamellar vesicles from the mixtures of 1:1 sodium 10-undecenoate and trimethyl[2-(10-undecenoyloxy)ethyl]ammonium iodide in the mixed solvents of ethanol and heptane can be formed spontaneously or by sonication. They can exist in the variation of concentrations and volume ratios of ethanol to heptane, which indicates to some extent the high capability of vesicle formation in such mixed systems.展开更多
The effects of different flow forms on an opposed-piston two-stroke（OPTS）gasoline-directinjection（GDI）engine was studied by analyzing the mixture formation and combustion.Swirl was broken and dissipated gradually ...The effects of different flow forms on an opposed-piston two-stroke（OPTS）gasoline-directinjection（GDI）engine was studied by analyzing the mixture formation and combustion.Swirl was broken and dissipated gradually and the turbulence kinetic energy（TKE）was small in the compression process;however,tumble was strengthened and the TKE was strong in the compression process.For swirl around X axis（the axis of cylinder）and tumble around Y axis（the vertical direction of injector）,droplets were attached to the cylinder liner by the centrifugal force and the mixture distribution was poor.For tumble around Zaxis（the direction of injector）,the wall film in cylinder liner was thin and mixture distribution was homogeneous.Results showed that since the injector were installed on the wall of the cylinder liner in the OPTS-GDI engine,the spray angle was small and the mixture formation time was short.The 45° oblique axis tumble ratio of 1 was reasonable for the mixture formation and combustion for an OPTS-GDI engine.展开更多
【目的】通过对甲酸乙酯(ethyl formate,EF)和异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate,MITC)单剂和混剂(EF+MITC)熏蒸处理的菜豆象Acanthoscelides obtectus转录组数据分析,初步探究EF和MITC对菜豆象的联合作用机制。【方法】采用广口瓶熏...【目的】通过对甲酸乙酯(ethyl formate,EF)和异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate,MITC)单剂和混剂(EF+MITC)熏蒸处理的菜豆象Acanthoscelides obtectus转录组数据分析,初步探究EF和MITC对菜豆象的联合作用机制。【方法】采用广口瓶熏蒸法对菜豆象成虫进行EF(22.398μL/L)和MITC(0.854μL/L)单剂和混剂[(EF+MITC)(14.764μL/L)]熏蒸处理,对照组(CK)不做熏蒸处理;利用Illumina Hi Seq TM 4000测序平台对EF和MITC单剂和混剂(EF+MITC)熏蒸处理的菜豆象成虫进行转录组测序;对差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)进行GO分类和KEGG通路富集分析;选取6个DEGs进行RT-qPCR验证。【结果】CK vs EF与CK vs MITC比较组分别有171和293个DEGs,上调基因居多;而CK vs EF+MITC比较组的DEGs数量为1745个,下调基因居多。DEGs的GO分类表明,CK vs EF与CK vs MITC比较组的DEGs富集数最多的条目均为细胞解剖学实体、结合和催化活性,CK vs EF+MITC比较组的DEGs则主要富集在细胞解剖学实体、结合和细胞过程等。DEGs的KEGG通路富集分析表明,CK vs EF比较组的DEGs主要富集在蛋白质消化与吸收、溶酶体和内质网蛋白加工通路上,CK vs MITC比较组的DEGs主要富集在粘着斑、细胞外基质受体相互作用和昆虫激素生物合成等通路上,CK vs EF+MITC比较组的DEGs主要富集中在RNA转运、DNA复制和错配修复等通路上。此外,EF和MITC单剂熏蒸处理后,菜豆象成虫体内分别有2和3个解毒酶基因表达量较CK显著下调,而EF+MITC混剂熏蒸处理后,菜豆象体内5个解毒酶基因表达量较CK显著下调。筛选的6个DEGs的表达趋势与转录组数据基本一致。【结论】本研究结果表明,EF与MITC混用具有协同增效作用,能够诱导菜豆象发生细胞基因毒性损伤,抑制菜豆象解毒酶基因的表达可能是其增效的主要原因,初步明确了EF与MITC混用最优配方对菜豆象的熏蒸杀虫分子机制,为进一步研究EF与MITC对菜豆象的联合作用机制提供重要参考。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFC0307306)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51676197,51576197)+2 种基金CAS Program(KGZD-EW-301)Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(201804010411)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS
文摘To obtain the fundamental data of CO2/N2 gas mixture hydrate formation kinetics and CO2 separation and sequestration mechanisms,the gas hydrate formation process by a binary CO2/N2 gas mixture(50:50)in fine sediments(150–250μm)was investigated in a semibatch vessel at variable temperatures(273,275,and 277 K)and pressures(5.8–7.8 MPa).During the gas hydrate reaction process,the changes in the gaseous phase composition were determined by gas chromatography.The results indicate that the gas hydrate formation process of the binary CO2/N2 gas mixture in fine sediments can be reduced to two stages.Firstly,the dissolved gas containing a large amount of CO2 formed gas hydrates,and then gaseous N2 participated in the gas hydrate formation.In the second stage,all the dissolved gas was consumed.Thus,both gaseous CO2 and N2 diffused into sediment.The first stage in different experiments lasted for 5–15 h,and>60%of the gas was consumed in this period.The gas consumption rate was greater in the first stage than in the second stage.After the completion of gas hydrate formation,the CO2 content in the gas hydrate was more than that in the gas phase.This indicates that CO2 formed hydrate easily than N2 in the binary mixture.Higher operating pressures and lower temperatures increased the gas consumption rate of the binary gas mixture in gas hydrate formation.
文摘Unilamellar vesicles from the mixtures of 1:1 sodium 10-undecenoate and trimethyl[2-(10-undecenoyloxy)ethyl]ammonium iodide in the mixed solvents of ethanol and heptane can be formed spontaneously or by sonication. They can exist in the variation of concentrations and volume ratios of ethanol to heptane, which indicates to some extent the high capability of vesicle formation in such mixed systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(B2220110005)
文摘The effects of different flow forms on an opposed-piston two-stroke（OPTS）gasoline-directinjection（GDI）engine was studied by analyzing the mixture formation and combustion.Swirl was broken and dissipated gradually and the turbulence kinetic energy（TKE）was small in the compression process;however,tumble was strengthened and the TKE was strong in the compression process.For swirl around X axis（the axis of cylinder）and tumble around Y axis（the vertical direction of injector）,droplets were attached to the cylinder liner by the centrifugal force and the mixture distribution was poor.For tumble around Zaxis（the direction of injector）,the wall film in cylinder liner was thin and mixture distribution was homogeneous.Results showed that since the injector were installed on the wall of the cylinder liner in the OPTS-GDI engine,the spray angle was small and the mixture formation time was short.The 45° oblique axis tumble ratio of 1 was reasonable for the mixture formation and combustion for an OPTS-GDI engine.
文摘【目的】通过对甲酸乙酯(ethyl formate,EF)和异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate,MITC)单剂和混剂(EF+MITC)熏蒸处理的菜豆象Acanthoscelides obtectus转录组数据分析,初步探究EF和MITC对菜豆象的联合作用机制。【方法】采用广口瓶熏蒸法对菜豆象成虫进行EF(22.398μL/L)和MITC(0.854μL/L)单剂和混剂[(EF+MITC)(14.764μL/L)]熏蒸处理,对照组(CK)不做熏蒸处理;利用Illumina Hi Seq TM 4000测序平台对EF和MITC单剂和混剂(EF+MITC)熏蒸处理的菜豆象成虫进行转录组测序;对差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)进行GO分类和KEGG通路富集分析;选取6个DEGs进行RT-qPCR验证。【结果】CK vs EF与CK vs MITC比较组分别有171和293个DEGs,上调基因居多;而CK vs EF+MITC比较组的DEGs数量为1745个,下调基因居多。DEGs的GO分类表明,CK vs EF与CK vs MITC比较组的DEGs富集数最多的条目均为细胞解剖学实体、结合和催化活性,CK vs EF+MITC比较组的DEGs则主要富集在细胞解剖学实体、结合和细胞过程等。DEGs的KEGG通路富集分析表明,CK vs EF比较组的DEGs主要富集在蛋白质消化与吸收、溶酶体和内质网蛋白加工通路上,CK vs MITC比较组的DEGs主要富集在粘着斑、细胞外基质受体相互作用和昆虫激素生物合成等通路上,CK vs EF+MITC比较组的DEGs主要富集中在RNA转运、DNA复制和错配修复等通路上。此外,EF和MITC单剂熏蒸处理后,菜豆象成虫体内分别有2和3个解毒酶基因表达量较CK显著下调,而EF+MITC混剂熏蒸处理后,菜豆象体内5个解毒酶基因表达量较CK显著下调。筛选的6个DEGs的表达趋势与转录组数据基本一致。【结论】本研究结果表明,EF与MITC混用具有协同增效作用,能够诱导菜豆象发生细胞基因毒性损伤,抑制菜豆象解毒酶基因的表达可能是其增效的主要原因,初步明确了EF与MITC混用最优配方对菜豆象的熏蒸杀虫分子机制,为进一步研究EF与MITC对菜豆象的联合作用机制提供重要参考。
