Using China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) data between 1989 and 2011, this paper measures the returns to education in China based on the Mincer earnings function and reaches the following findings through an analy...Using China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) data between 1989 and 2011, this paper measures the returns to education in China based on the Mincer earnings function and reaches the following findings through an analysis of the tendency of continuous variations over a long timeframe: returns to education are on the rise within the range of samples both under relative and absolute scenarios; returns to different levels of education are characterized by increasing marginal return; no significant difference exists between the returns to junior middle school and the returns to primary school education. Further discussions consider that the requirements of job positions for the overall competence of personnel, differentiated decline of corporate demand for recruitment, lack of an evaluation system in the labor market, information asymmetry in the job market, the development strategy adopted in a particular stage of history and the current slow progress of economic transition have jointly led to the underemployment of college graduates and the great enthusiasm of parents investing in higher education for their children. Conclusions of this paper not only have important practical relevance to the ongoing implementation of China's innovation-driven development strategy, but offer inspirations for the new round of educational reform as well.展开更多
The modern time of China is the most brilliant of the whole Chinese history,during which China was reduced from the feudal society to the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and then a new China with the socialist s...The modern time of China is the most brilliant of the whole Chinese history,during which China was reduced from the feudal society to the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and then a new China with the socialist system was founded after indomitable struggle.In such a context,the whole society experienced unsmooth development;while the music theories and music education soared with the invasion of capitalism.On the one hand,foreigners invaded China;on the other hand,they brought advanced music culture,promoting the music culture of China,which had stagnated for about two thousand years.This paper attempts to study the development path of music education in modern China from the perspective of development process.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to implement an IT-based education program in order to promote cervical cancer screenings for women aged 20 - 29 years, as well as to examine the results of said program. This is a long...The purpose of this research is to implement an IT-based education program in order to promote cervical cancer screenings for women aged 20 - 29 years, as well as to examine the results of said program. This is a longitudinal/comparative study of two groups, one for which the program was implemented (the intervention group), and the other for which it was not (the control group). The program consisted of attending a health lecture and encouragement to be screened one month, six months, and one year later sent through IT-based methods. The target was unmarried women aged 20 - 29 who had neither previously given birth nor had been screened for cervical cancer in a period one year prior. They were divided into two groups, the intervention group (n = 142) and control group (n = 145). The effectiveness of the program was assessed via an initial survey and further surveys six months and one year later. Results were based on the Japanese version of the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test (HBMSCCPST), knowledge scores in the categories of Healthy Lifestyles, Cervical Cancer, Cervical Cancer Screening, and screening behavior. A two-way ANOVA of the HBMSCCPST subscales and knowledge scores in the initial, six-month, and one-year surveys was performed, showing interaction in Cervical Cancer (p = 0.00). Main effects were observed in Cervical Cancer Screening (p = 0.00) and Healthy Lifestyles (p = 0.00). Regarding the amount of change from the initial survey, knowledge scores in the Cervical Cancer (p = 0.027) and Cervical Cancer Screening (p = 0.016) categories were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in cervical cancer screening rates (p = 0.26) between the two groups. However, a small-degree effect size was observed for Benefits, Seriousness, and Susceptibility subscales in both examinees and non-examinees. Although the educational program of this study was effective in improving the knowledge of women in their twenties, there was little improvement in HBMSCCPST and it did not lead to the promotion of cervical cancer screening. In order to raise interest in cervical cancer screening, it is necessary to consider useful content to guide women to consult with healthcare professionals, a long-term population approach, and organizational structure of consultation.展开更多
Time series are an important object of study in sciences, engineering and business, especially in cases where it is expected to know, predict and optimize behaviors. In this context, we intend to show the feasibility ...Time series are an important object of study in sciences, engineering and business, especially in cases where it is expected to know, predict and optimize behaviors. In this context, we intend to show the feasibility of using artificial neural networks in the study of several time series in an engineering course, especially those that have no overt behavior or are not able to be modeled mathematically in a simple way and have direct application in the education of future engineers.展开更多
Science and technology proceed by leaps and bounds; our network is growing at an alarming rate which is reflected in the rapid development and popularization. Facing highly developed information technology, and the ra...Science and technology proceed by leaps and bounds; our network is growing at an alarming rate which is reflected in the rapid development and popularization. Facing highly developed information technology, and the rapid development of the network, strengthen ideological and political education is very important, the network has put impressive and comprehensive impact on the university teachers and students' lives, learning, work, moral, ideological and political attitudes, moral outlook, political literacy, life values, and ideological and political education in universities is facing a new challenge ; Meanwhile, the network also provides many new challenges and opportunities, expanding the channel and space of ideological and political education, it also can improve the quality of the main ideological and political education of high demand. Therefore, the educators of ideological and political education in colleges should keep up the pace of the rapid development of large- era, became not only who has a good ideological and political quality and comprehensive cultural knowledge quality, but also has very high literal ability and a solid information of network technology skills, so they could give full play to the advantages of information networks, do research and create a new situation in a large network of ideological and political education, then make the traditional ideological and political education produce a qualitative leap.展开更多
The global incidence of postpartum depression is estimated at approximately 10% - 20%. A lack of partner support is a key factor associated with perinatal depression. This study examined the effects of an educational ...The global incidence of postpartum depression is estimated at approximately 10% - 20%. A lack of partner support is a key factor associated with perinatal depression. This study examined the effects of an educational intervention that provided information for the prevention and early detection of postpartum depression to first-time mothers and fathers who participated in a “First-Time Parent Class.” The study was utilized quasi-experimental research, conducted first with the control group and followed by an assessment of the intervention group. Mothers were assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and the Japan Child and Family Research Institute Child-Rearing Support Questionnaire. Fathers’ assessments were conducted using the Japan Child and Family Research Institute Child-Rearing Support Questionnaire for Fathers and were based on responses to questions regarding their coping strategies. Data were obtained from 158 data (72 interventions, 86 controls) couples analyzed. No significant difference was found between mothers’ child-rearing difficulty and depression score rates in the first month after childbirth. There was a difference among fathers in the control group and those in the intervention group regarding their responses to maternal depression: the “consult family” (p = 0.035), “consult friends” (p = 0.033), and “consult the city health center” (p = 0.047) variables were higher in the intervention group;however, the effect size was small. Providing first-time parents with information during pregnancy to prevent and detect postpartum depression will deepen parents’ understanding and help them cope with postpartum depression.展开更多
The photodissociation dynamics of 2-iodotoluene following excitation at 266 nm have been investigated employing femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry. The photofragments are detected by multiphoton ionization us...The photodissociation dynamics of 2-iodotoluene following excitation at 266 nm have been investigated employing femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry. The photofragments are detected by multiphoton ionization using an intense laser field centered at 800 nm. A dissociation time of 3804-50 fs was measured from the rising time of the co-fragments of toluene radical (C7H7) and iodine atom (I), which is attributed to the averaged time needed for the C-I bond breaking for the simultaneously excited nσ and ππ* states by 266 nm pump light. In addition, a probe light centered at 298.23 nm corresponding to resonance wavelength of ground-state iodine atom is used to selectively ionize ground-state iodine atoms generated from the dissociation of initially populated hσ* and ππ* states. And a rise time of 4004-50 fs is extracted from the fitting of time-dependent I+ transient, which is in agreement with the dissociation time obtained by multiphoton ionization with 800 nm, suggesting that the main dissociative products are ground-state iodine atoms.展开更多
Recently, canopy transpiration (Ec) has been often estimated by xylem sap-flow measurements. However, there is a significant time lag between sap flow measured at the base of the stem and canopy transpiration due to...Recently, canopy transpiration (Ec) has been often estimated by xylem sap-flow measurements. However, there is a significant time lag between sap flow measured at the base of the stem and canopy transpiration due to the capacitive exchange between the transpiration stream and stem water storage. Significant errors will be introduced in canopy conductance (gc) and canopy transpiration estimation if the time lag is neglected. In this study, a cross-correlation analysis was used to quantify the time lag, and the sap flowbased transpiration was measured to pararneterize Jarvistype models of gc and thus to simulate Ec of Populus cathayana using the Penman-Monteith equation. The results indicate that solar radiation (Rs) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are not fully coincident with sap flow and have an obvious lag effect; the sap flow lags behind Rs and precedes VPD, and there is a 1-h time shift between Eo and sap flow in the 30-min interval data set. A parameterized Jarvis-type gc model is suitable to predict P. cathayana transpiration and explains more than 80% of the variation observed in go, and the relative error was less than 25%, which shows a preferable simulation effect. The root mean square error (RMSEs) between the predicted and measured Ec were 1.91×10^-3 (with the time lag) and 3.12×10^-3cm h^-1 (without the time lag). More importantly, Ec simulation precision that incorporates time lag is improved by 6% compared to the results without the time lag, with the mean relative error (MRE) of only 8.32% and the mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.48 × 10^-3 cm h^-1.展开更多
Recent advances in intelligent transportation system allow traffic safety studies to extend from historic data-based analyses to real-time applications. The study presents a new method to predict crash likelihood with...Recent advances in intelligent transportation system allow traffic safety studies to extend from historic data-based analyses to real-time applications. The study presents a new method to predict crash likelihood with traffic data collected by discrete loop detectors as well as the web-crawl weather data. Matched case-control method and support vector machines (SVMs) technique were employed to identify the risk status. The adaptive synthetic over-sampling technique was applied to solve the imbalanced dataset issues. Random forest technique was applied to select the contributing factors and avoid the over-fitting issues. The results indicate that the SVMs classifier could successfully classify 76.32% of the crashes on the test dataset and 87.52% of the crashes on the overall dataset, which were relatively satisfactory compared with the results of the previous studies. Compared with the SVMs classifier without the data, the SVMs classifier with the web-crawl weather data increased the crash prediction accuracy by 1.32% and decreased the false alarm rate by 1.72%, showing the potential value of the massive web weather data. Mean impact value method was employed to evaluate the variable effects, and the results are identical with the results of most of previous studies. The emerging technique based on the discrete traffic data and web weather data proves to be more applicable on real- time safety management on freeways.展开更多
In this article,a high-order scheme,which is formulated by combining the quadratic finite element method in space with a second-order time discrete scheme,is developed for looking for the numerical solution of a two-d...In this article,a high-order scheme,which is formulated by combining the quadratic finite element method in space with a second-order time discrete scheme,is developed for looking for the numerical solution of a two-dimensional nonlinear time fractional thermal diffusion model.The time Caputo fractional derivative is approximated by using the L2-1formula,the first-order derivative and nonlinear term are discretized by some second-order approximation formulas,and the quadratic finite element is used to approximate the spatial direction.The error accuracy O(h3+t2)is obtained,which is verified by the numerical results.展开更多
The vitality of biodiversity,an essential pillar of a thriving biosphere,is currently at risk.This paper investigates the potential of ancient philosophies,specifically Confucianism and Daoism,as pathways to mitigate ...The vitality of biodiversity,an essential pillar of a thriving biosphere,is currently at risk.This paper investigates the potential of ancient philosophies,specifically Confucianism and Daoism,as pathways to mitigate this issue.We delve into the intricate connections between these philosophies and the natural world,and how they can inform our understanding of biodiversity threats in the context of cultural and technological evolution.Recognizing the inevitable progression of technology and its influence on human evolution and the biosphere,we turn to traditional philosophies to establish guiding principles for sustainable decision-making.We advocate for the principle:"Decisions must not result in the artificial reduction of biodiversity within the framework of evolutionary time."This principle is substantiated by reciprocal arguments that lay the foundation for the essential analyses to protect biodiversity.By adhering to this principle,we can ensure a sustainable biosphere conducive to ongoing human evolution.This study underscores the importance of integrating ancient wisdom with modern decision-making processes to address the pressing issue of biodiversity loss.展开更多
Energy management benefits both consumers and utility companiesalike. Utility companies remain interested in identifying and reducing energywaste and theft, whereas consumers’ interest remain in lowering their energy...Energy management benefits both consumers and utility companiesalike. Utility companies remain interested in identifying and reducing energywaste and theft, whereas consumers’ interest remain in lowering their energyexpenses. A large supply-demand gap of over 6 GW exists in Pakistan asreported in 2018. Reducing this gap from the supply side is an expensiveand complex task. However, efficient energy management and distributionon demand side has potential to reduce this gap economically. Electricityload forecasting models are increasingly used by energy managers in takingreal-time tactical decisions to ensure efficient use of resources. Advancementin Machine-learning (ML) technology has enabled accurate forecasting ofelectricity consumption. However, the impact of computation cost affordedby these ML models is often ignored in favour of accuracy. This studyconsiders both accuracy and computation cost as concurrently significantfactors because together they shape the technology environment as well ascreate economic impact. Thus, a three-fold optimized load forecasting modelis proposed which includes (1) application specific parameters selection, (2)impact of different dataset granularities and (3) implementation of specificdata preparation. It deploys and compares the widely used back-propagationArtificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest (RF) models for theprediction of electricity consumption of buildings within a university. In addition to the temporal and historical power consumption date as input parameters, the study also embeds weather data as well as university operationalcalendars resulting in improved performance. The outcomes are indicativethat the granularity i.e. the scale of details in data, and set of reduced and fullinput parameters impact performance accuracies differently for ANN and RFmodels. Experimental results show that overall RF model performed betterboth in terms of accuracy as well as computational time for a 1-min, 15-minand 1-h dataset granularities with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)of 2.42, 3.70 and 4.62 in 11.1 s, 1.14 s and 0.3 s respectively, thus well suitedfor a real-time energy monitoring application.展开更多
Improving the quality of human resources through edu-cation and training is of great strategic significance.However, few people have done in depth and systematicstudies on the relationship between education and pro-du...Improving the quality of human resources through edu-cation and training is of great strategic significance.However, few people have done in depth and systematicstudies on the relationship between education and pro-ducttvity in China. This study developed an educationproductivity transform model and empirically tested themodel using data on the most districts of China. The ba-sic notion is that the effect depends both on the capabilityresulted from education, and on the environment inwhich this capability can be exercised, the effect is a re-sult of two factors combined.展开更多
It is generally known that the solutions of deterministic and stochastic differential equations (SDEs) usually grow linearly at such a rate that they may become unbounded after a small lapse of time and may eventual...It is generally known that the solutions of deterministic and stochastic differential equations (SDEs) usually grow linearly at such a rate that they may become unbounded after a small lapse of time and may eventually blow up or explode in finite time. If the drift and diffusion functions are globally Lipschitz, linear growth may still be experienced, as well as a possible blow-up of solutions in finite time. In this paper, a nonlinear scalar delay differential equation with a constant time lag is perturbed by a multiplicative Ito-type time - space white noise to form a stochastic Fokker-Planck delay differential equation. It is established that no explosion is possible in the presence of any intrinsically slow time - space white noise of Ito - type as manifested in the resulting stochastic Fokker- Planck delay differential equation. Time - space white noise has a role to play since the solution of the classical nonlinear equation without it still exhibits explosion.展开更多
文摘Using China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) data between 1989 and 2011, this paper measures the returns to education in China based on the Mincer earnings function and reaches the following findings through an analysis of the tendency of continuous variations over a long timeframe: returns to education are on the rise within the range of samples both under relative and absolute scenarios; returns to different levels of education are characterized by increasing marginal return; no significant difference exists between the returns to junior middle school and the returns to primary school education. Further discussions consider that the requirements of job positions for the overall competence of personnel, differentiated decline of corporate demand for recruitment, lack of an evaluation system in the labor market, information asymmetry in the job market, the development strategy adopted in a particular stage of history and the current slow progress of economic transition have jointly led to the underemployment of college graduates and the great enthusiasm of parents investing in higher education for their children. Conclusions of this paper not only have important practical relevance to the ongoing implementation of China's innovation-driven development strategy, but offer inspirations for the new round of educational reform as well.
基金one of the staged achievements of the philosophy and social science planning project“Research on the Art of Painting and Calligraphy in Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War Period and Its Digital Applications”(No:2009XW04)
文摘The modern time of China is the most brilliant of the whole Chinese history,during which China was reduced from the feudal society to the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and then a new China with the socialist system was founded after indomitable struggle.In such a context,the whole society experienced unsmooth development;while the music theories and music education soared with the invasion of capitalism.On the one hand,foreigners invaded China;on the other hand,they brought advanced music culture,promoting the music culture of China,which had stagnated for about two thousand years.This paper attempts to study the development path of music education in modern China from the perspective of development process.
文摘The purpose of this research is to implement an IT-based education program in order to promote cervical cancer screenings for women aged 20 - 29 years, as well as to examine the results of said program. This is a longitudinal/comparative study of two groups, one for which the program was implemented (the intervention group), and the other for which it was not (the control group). The program consisted of attending a health lecture and encouragement to be screened one month, six months, and one year later sent through IT-based methods. The target was unmarried women aged 20 - 29 who had neither previously given birth nor had been screened for cervical cancer in a period one year prior. They were divided into two groups, the intervention group (n = 142) and control group (n = 145). The effectiveness of the program was assessed via an initial survey and further surveys six months and one year later. Results were based on the Japanese version of the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test (HBMSCCPST), knowledge scores in the categories of Healthy Lifestyles, Cervical Cancer, Cervical Cancer Screening, and screening behavior. A two-way ANOVA of the HBMSCCPST subscales and knowledge scores in the initial, six-month, and one-year surveys was performed, showing interaction in Cervical Cancer (p = 0.00). Main effects were observed in Cervical Cancer Screening (p = 0.00) and Healthy Lifestyles (p = 0.00). Regarding the amount of change from the initial survey, knowledge scores in the Cervical Cancer (p = 0.027) and Cervical Cancer Screening (p = 0.016) categories were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in cervical cancer screening rates (p = 0.26) between the two groups. However, a small-degree effect size was observed for Benefits, Seriousness, and Susceptibility subscales in both examinees and non-examinees. Although the educational program of this study was effective in improving the knowledge of women in their twenties, there was little improvement in HBMSCCPST and it did not lead to the promotion of cervical cancer screening. In order to raise interest in cervical cancer screening, it is necessary to consider useful content to guide women to consult with healthcare professionals, a long-term population approach, and organizational structure of consultation.
文摘Time series are an important object of study in sciences, engineering and business, especially in cases where it is expected to know, predict and optimize behaviors. In this context, we intend to show the feasibility of using artificial neural networks in the study of several time series in an engineering course, especially those that have no overt behavior or are not able to be modeled mathematically in a simple way and have direct application in the education of future engineers.
文摘Science and technology proceed by leaps and bounds; our network is growing at an alarming rate which is reflected in the rapid development and popularization. Facing highly developed information technology, and the rapid development of the network, strengthen ideological and political education is very important, the network has put impressive and comprehensive impact on the university teachers and students' lives, learning, work, moral, ideological and political attitudes, moral outlook, political literacy, life values, and ideological and political education in universities is facing a new challenge ; Meanwhile, the network also provides many new challenges and opportunities, expanding the channel and space of ideological and political education, it also can improve the quality of the main ideological and political education of high demand. Therefore, the educators of ideological and political education in colleges should keep up the pace of the rapid development of large- era, became not only who has a good ideological and political quality and comprehensive cultural knowledge quality, but also has very high literal ability and a solid information of network technology skills, so they could give full play to the advantages of information networks, do research and create a new situation in a large network of ideological and political education, then make the traditional ideological and political education produce a qualitative leap.
文摘The global incidence of postpartum depression is estimated at approximately 10% - 20%. A lack of partner support is a key factor associated with perinatal depression. This study examined the effects of an educational intervention that provided information for the prevention and early detection of postpartum depression to first-time mothers and fathers who participated in a “First-Time Parent Class.” The study was utilized quasi-experimental research, conducted first with the control group and followed by an assessment of the intervention group. Mothers were assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and the Japan Child and Family Research Institute Child-Rearing Support Questionnaire. Fathers’ assessments were conducted using the Japan Child and Family Research Institute Child-Rearing Support Questionnaire for Fathers and were based on responses to questions regarding their coping strategies. Data were obtained from 158 data (72 interventions, 86 controls) couples analyzed. No significant difference was found between mothers’ child-rearing difficulty and depression score rates in the first month after childbirth. There was a difference among fathers in the control group and those in the intervention group regarding their responses to maternal depression: the “consult family” (p = 0.035), “consult friends” (p = 0.033), and “consult the city health center” (p = 0.047) variables were higher in the intervention group;however, the effect size was small. Providing first-time parents with information during pregnancy to prevent and detect postpartum depression will deepen parents’ understanding and help them cope with postpartum depression.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No.2013CB922200) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.91121006, No.21273274, No.21173256, and No.21303255).
文摘The photodissociation dynamics of 2-iodotoluene following excitation at 266 nm have been investigated employing femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry. The photofragments are detected by multiphoton ionization using an intense laser field centered at 800 nm. A dissociation time of 3804-50 fs was measured from the rising time of the co-fragments of toluene radical (C7H7) and iodine atom (I), which is attributed to the averaged time needed for the C-I bond breaking for the simultaneously excited nσ and ππ* states by 266 nm pump light. In addition, a probe light centered at 298.23 nm corresponding to resonance wavelength of ground-state iodine atom is used to selectively ionize ground-state iodine atoms generated from the dissociation of initially populated hσ* and ππ* states. And a rise time of 4004-50 fs is extracted from the fitting of time-dependent I+ transient, which is in agreement with the dissociation time obtained by multiphoton ionization with 800 nm, suggesting that the main dissociative products are ground-state iodine atoms.
基金supported by the Qinghai province natural science foundation project(2015-ZJ-902)the Qinghai province science and technology plan program(2014-NK-A4-4)
文摘Recently, canopy transpiration (Ec) has been often estimated by xylem sap-flow measurements. However, there is a significant time lag between sap flow measured at the base of the stem and canopy transpiration due to the capacitive exchange between the transpiration stream and stem water storage. Significant errors will be introduced in canopy conductance (gc) and canopy transpiration estimation if the time lag is neglected. In this study, a cross-correlation analysis was used to quantify the time lag, and the sap flowbased transpiration was measured to pararneterize Jarvistype models of gc and thus to simulate Ec of Populus cathayana using the Penman-Monteith equation. The results indicate that solar radiation (Rs) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are not fully coincident with sap flow and have an obvious lag effect; the sap flow lags behind Rs and precedes VPD, and there is a 1-h time shift between Eo and sap flow in the 30-min interval data set. A parameterized Jarvis-type gc model is suitable to predict P. cathayana transpiration and explains more than 80% of the variation observed in go, and the relative error was less than 25%, which shows a preferable simulation effect. The root mean square error (RMSEs) between the predicted and measured Ec were 1.91×10^-3 (with the time lag) and 3.12×10^-3cm h^-1 (without the time lag). More importantly, Ec simulation precision that incorporates time lag is improved by 6% compared to the results without the time lag, with the mean relative error (MRE) of only 8.32% and the mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.48 × 10^-3 cm h^-1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (71301119)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (12ZR1434100)
文摘Recent advances in intelligent transportation system allow traffic safety studies to extend from historic data-based analyses to real-time applications. The study presents a new method to predict crash likelihood with traffic data collected by discrete loop detectors as well as the web-crawl weather data. Matched case-control method and support vector machines (SVMs) technique were employed to identify the risk status. The adaptive synthetic over-sampling technique was applied to solve the imbalanced dataset issues. Random forest technique was applied to select the contributing factors and avoid the over-fitting issues. The results indicate that the SVMs classifier could successfully classify 76.32% of the crashes on the test dataset and 87.52% of the crashes on the overall dataset, which were relatively satisfactory compared with the results of the previous studies. Compared with the SVMs classifier without the data, the SVMs classifier with the web-crawl weather data increased the crash prediction accuracy by 1.32% and decreased the false alarm rate by 1.72%, showing the potential value of the massive web weather data. Mean impact value method was employed to evaluate the variable effects, and the results are identical with the results of most of previous studies. The emerging technique based on the discrete traffic data and web weather data proves to be more applicable on real- time safety management on freeways.
基金the National Natural Science Fund(11661058,11761053)Natural Science Fund of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2016MS0102,2017MS0107)+1 种基金Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT-17-A07)National Undergraduate Innovative Training Project of Inner Mongolia University(201710126026).
文摘In this article,a high-order scheme,which is formulated by combining the quadratic finite element method in space with a second-order time discrete scheme,is developed for looking for the numerical solution of a two-dimensional nonlinear time fractional thermal diffusion model.The time Caputo fractional derivative is approximated by using the L2-1formula,the first-order derivative and nonlinear term are discretized by some second-order approximation formulas,and the quadratic finite element is used to approximate the spatial direction.The error accuracy O(h3+t2)is obtained,which is verified by the numerical results.
文摘The vitality of biodiversity,an essential pillar of a thriving biosphere,is currently at risk.This paper investigates the potential of ancient philosophies,specifically Confucianism and Daoism,as pathways to mitigate this issue.We delve into the intricate connections between these philosophies and the natural world,and how they can inform our understanding of biodiversity threats in the context of cultural and technological evolution.Recognizing the inevitable progression of technology and its influence on human evolution and the biosphere,we turn to traditional philosophies to establish guiding principles for sustainable decision-making.We advocate for the principle:"Decisions must not result in the artificial reduction of biodiversity within the framework of evolutionary time."This principle is substantiated by reciprocal arguments that lay the foundation for the essential analyses to protect biodiversity.By adhering to this principle,we can ensure a sustainable biosphere conducive to ongoing human evolution.This study underscores the importance of integrating ancient wisdom with modern decision-making processes to address the pressing issue of biodiversity loss.
基金This research is funded by Neurocomputation Lab, National Center ofArtificial Intelligence, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan(PSDP.263/2017-18).
文摘Energy management benefits both consumers and utility companiesalike. Utility companies remain interested in identifying and reducing energywaste and theft, whereas consumers’ interest remain in lowering their energyexpenses. A large supply-demand gap of over 6 GW exists in Pakistan asreported in 2018. Reducing this gap from the supply side is an expensiveand complex task. However, efficient energy management and distributionon demand side has potential to reduce this gap economically. Electricityload forecasting models are increasingly used by energy managers in takingreal-time tactical decisions to ensure efficient use of resources. Advancementin Machine-learning (ML) technology has enabled accurate forecasting ofelectricity consumption. However, the impact of computation cost affordedby these ML models is often ignored in favour of accuracy. This studyconsiders both accuracy and computation cost as concurrently significantfactors because together they shape the technology environment as well ascreate economic impact. Thus, a three-fold optimized load forecasting modelis proposed which includes (1) application specific parameters selection, (2)impact of different dataset granularities and (3) implementation of specificdata preparation. It deploys and compares the widely used back-propagationArtificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest (RF) models for theprediction of electricity consumption of buildings within a university. In addition to the temporal and historical power consumption date as input parameters, the study also embeds weather data as well as university operationalcalendars resulting in improved performance. The outcomes are indicativethat the granularity i.e. the scale of details in data, and set of reduced and fullinput parameters impact performance accuracies differently for ANN and RFmodels. Experimental results show that overall RF model performed betterboth in terms of accuracy as well as computational time for a 1-min, 15-minand 1-h dataset granularities with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)of 2.42, 3.70 and 4.62 in 11.1 s, 1.14 s and 0.3 s respectively, thus well suitedfor a real-time energy monitoring application.
基金This paper is one result of the reaserch project of the China National Natural Sciencd Fund and is published of the Fourth Intemational Meeting of DSI(1997,sydusy,Australia)
文摘Improving the quality of human resources through edu-cation and training is of great strategic significance.However, few people have done in depth and systematicstudies on the relationship between education and pro-ducttvity in China. This study developed an educationproductivity transform model and empirically tested themodel using data on the most districts of China. The ba-sic notion is that the effect depends both on the capabilityresulted from education, and on the environment inwhich this capability can be exercised, the effect is a re-sult of two factors combined.
文摘It is generally known that the solutions of deterministic and stochastic differential equations (SDEs) usually grow linearly at such a rate that they may become unbounded after a small lapse of time and may eventually blow up or explode in finite time. If the drift and diffusion functions are globally Lipschitz, linear growth may still be experienced, as well as a possible blow-up of solutions in finite time. In this paper, a nonlinear scalar delay differential equation with a constant time lag is perturbed by a multiplicative Ito-type time - space white noise to form a stochastic Fokker-Planck delay differential equation. It is established that no explosion is possible in the presence of any intrinsically slow time - space white noise of Ito - type as manifested in the resulting stochastic Fokker- Planck delay differential equation. Time - space white noise has a role to play since the solution of the classical nonlinear equation without it still exhibits explosion.