Achieving long-cycling sodium-ion full cells in ether-based electrolyte with vinylene carbonate additive

Application of sodium-ion batteries is suppressed due to the lack of appropriate electrolytes matching cathode and anode simultaneously.Ether-based electrolytes,preference of anode materials,cannot match with high-potential cathodes failing to apply in full cells.Herein,vinylene carbonate(VC)as an additive into NaCF_(3) SO_(3)-Diglyme(DGM)could make sodium-ion full cells applicable without preactivation of cathode and anode.The assembled FeS@C||Na3 V2(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cell with this electrolyte exhibits long term cycling stability and high capacity retention.The deduced reason is additive VC,whose HOMO level value is close to that of DGM,not only change the solvent sheath structure of Na^(+),but also is synergistically oxidized with DGM to form integrity and consecutive cathode electrolyte interphase on Na3 V2(PO_(4))_(3)@C cathode,which could effectively improve the oxidative stability of electrolyte and prevent the electrolyte decomposition.This work displays a new way to optimize the sodium-ion full cell seasily with bright practical application potential.

A Bifunctional-Modulated Conformal Li/Mn-Rich Layered Cathode for Fast-Charging,High Volumetric Density and Durable Li-Ion Full Cells

Lithium-and manganese-rich(LMR)layered cathode materials hold the great promise in designing the next-generation high energy density lithium ion batteries.However,due to the severe surface phase transformation and structure collapse,stabilizing LMR to suppress capacity fade has been a critical challenge.Here,a bifunctional strategy that integrates the advantages of surface modification and structural design is proposed to address the above issues.A model compound Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2)(MNC)with semi-hollow microsphere structure is synthesized,of which the surface is modified by surface-treated layer and graphene/car-bon nanotube dual layers.The unique structure design enabled high tap density(2.1 g cm^(−3))and bidirectional ion diffusion pathways.The dual surface coatings covalent bonded with MNC via C-O-M linkage greatly improves charge transfer efficiency and mitigates electrode degradation.Owing to the synergistic effect,the obtained MNC cathode is highly conformal with durable structure integrity,exhibiting high volumetric energy density(2234 Wh L^(−1))and predominant capacitive behavior.The assembled full cell,with nanograph-ite as the anode,reveals an energy density of 526.5 Wh kg^(−1),good rate performance(70.3%retention at 20 C)and long cycle life(1000 cycles).The strategy presented in this work may shed light on designing other high-performance energy devices.

Enhanced interfacial compatibility of FeS@N,S-C anode with ester-based electrolyte enables stable sodium-ion full cells

The development of sodium-ion full cells is seriously suppressed by the incompatibility between electrodes and electrolytes. Most representatively, high-voltage ester-based electrolytes required by the cathodes present poor interfacial compatibility with the anodes due to unstable solid electrode interphase(SEI). Herein, Fe S@N,S-C(spindle-like Fe S nanoparticles individually encapsulated in N,S-doped carbon) with excellent structural stability is synthesized as a potential sodium anode material. It exhibits exceptional interfacial stability in ester-based electrolyte(1 M NaClO_(4) in ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate with 5% fluoroethylene carbonate) with long-cycling lifespan(294 days) in Na|Fe S@N,S-C coin cell and remarkable cyclability in pouch cell(capacity retention of 82.2% after 170 cycles at 0.2 A g^(-1)).DFT calculation reveals that N,S-doping on electrode surface could drive strong repulsion to solvated Na_(2) and preferential adsorption to ClO_(4)^(-) anion, guiding the anion-rich inner Helmholtz plane.Consequently, a robust SEI with rich inorganic species(NaCl and Na_(2)O) through the whole depth stabilizes the electrode–electrolyte interface and protects its integrity. This work brings new insight into the role of electrode’s surface properties in interfacial compatibility that can guide the design of more versatile electrodes for advanced rechargeable metal-ion batteries.

Lithium-ion full cell with high energy density using nickel-rich LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_2 cathode and SiO-C composite anode

A high-energy-density Li-ion battery with excellent rate capability and long cycle life was fabricated with a Ni-rich layered LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_2 cathode and Si O-C composite anode. The LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_2 and Si O-C exhibited excellent electrochemical performance in both half and full cells. Specifically, when integrated into a full cell configuration, a high energy density(280 Wh·kg^(-1)) with excellent rate capability and long cycle life was attained. At 0.5 C, the full cell retained 80% of its initial capacity after 200 charge/discharge cycles, and 60% after 600 cycles, indicating robust structural tolerance for the repeated insertion/extraction of Li^+ ions. The rate performance showed that, at high rate of 1 C and 2 C, 96.8% and 93% of the initial capacity were retained, respectively. The results demonstrate strong potential for the development of high energy density Li-ion batteries for practical applications.

Dual-strategy modification on P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)realizes stable high-voltage cathode and high energy density full cell for sodium-ion batteries

P2-type Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)is considered as a potential cathode material for sodium-ion batteries due to the merits of high voltage,low cost,and air stability.However,the unsatisfied cycling stability and rate performance caused by the destructive phase transition and side reactions hinder its practical application.Herein,we present a feasible dual strategy of Mg^(2+)doping integrated with ZrO_(2)surface modification for P2-Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2),which can well address the issues of phase transition and side reactions benefitting from the enhanced structural and interfacial stabilities.Specifically,it exhibits a decent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81.5%at 1 C and promising rate performance with a discharge capacity of 76.6 mA h g^(−1)at 5 C.The in situ X-ray diffraction measurement confirms that the damaged P2-O2 phase transition is suppressed with better reversibility in high-voltage region,whereas the side reactions are inhibited due to the protective ZrO_(2)surfacemodification.Commendably,the full cell achieves an outstanding operating voltage of 3.57 V and a fabulous energy density of 238.91 W h kg^(−1)at 36.73 W kg^(−1),demonstrating great practicability.This work is expected to provide a new insight for designing stable high-voltage cathode materials and high energy density full cells for sodium ion batteries.

Mesoporous Mn-Sn bimetallic oxide nanocubes as long cycle life anodes for Li-ion half/full cells and sulfur hosts for Li-S batteries

Mesoporous Mn-Sn bimetallic oxide （BO） nanocubes with sizes of 15-30 run show outstanding stable and reversible capacities in lithium ion batteries CLIBs）, reaching 856.8 mAh.g-1 after 400 cycles at 500 mA·g^-1 and 506 mAh·g^-1 after 850 cycles at 1,000 mA·g^-1. The prelimLnary investigation of the reaction mechanism, based on X-ray diffraction measurements, indicates the occurrence of both conversion and alloying-dealloying reactions in the Mn-Sn bimetallic oxide electrode. Moreover, Mn-Sn BO//LiCoO2 Li-ion full cells were successfully assembled for the first time, and found to deliver a relatively high energy density of 176.25 Wh·kg^-1 at 16.35 W·kg^-1 （based on the total weight of anode and cathode materials）. The superior long-term stability of these materials might be attributed to their nanoscale size and unique mesoporous nanocubic structure, which provide short Li^＋ diffusion pathways and a high contact area between electrolyte and active material. In addition, the Mn-Sn BOs could be used as advanced sulfur hosts for lithium-sulfur batteries, owing to their adequate mesoporous structure and relatively strong chemisorption of lithium polysulfide. The present results thus highlight the promising potential of mesoporous Mn-Sn bimetallic oxides for application in Li-ion and Li-S batteries.

NaFeTiO4 nanorod/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries with high performances in both half and full cells

NaFeTiO4 nanorods of high yields （with diameters in the range of 30-50 nm and lengths of up to 1-5 μm） were synthesized by a facile sol-gel method and were utilized as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries for the first time. The obtained NaFeTiO4 nanorods exhibit a high initial discharge capacity of 294 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.2 C （1 C = 177 mA·g^-1）, and remain at 115 mA·h·g^-1 after 50 cycles. Furthermore, multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） were mechanically milled with the pristine material to obtain NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs. The NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs electrode exhibits a significantly improved electrochemical performance with a stable discharge capacity of 150 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.2 C after 50 cycles, and remains at 125 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.5 C after 420 cycles. The NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs//Na3V2（PO4）3/C full cell was assembled for the first time; it displays a discharge capacity of 70 mA·h·g^-1 after 50 cycles at 0.05 C, indicating its excellent performances. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ex situ X-ray diffraction, and Raman measurements were performed to investigate the initial electrochemical mechanisms of the obtained NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs.

A review of the development of full cell lithium-ion batteries： The impact of nanostructured anode materials

Lithium-ion batteries have emerged as the best portable energy storage device for the consumer electronics market. Recent progress in the development of lithium- ion batteries has been achieved by the use of selected anode materials, which have driven improvements in performance in terms of capadty, cyclic stability, and rate capability. In this regard, research focusing on the design and electrochemical performance of full cell lithium-ion batteries, utilizing newly developed anode materials, has been widely reported, and great strides in development have been made. Nanostructured anode materials have contributed largely to the development of full cell lithium-ion batteries. With this in mind, we summarize the impact of nanostructured anode materials in the performance of coin cell full lithium-ion batteries. This review also discusses the challenges and prospects of research into full cell lithium-ion batteries.

Transparent conducting indium-tin-oxide(ITO) film as full front electrode in Ⅲ–Ⅴ compound solar cell

The application of transparent conducting indium-tin-oxide （ITO） film as full front electrode replacing the conven- tional bus-bar metal electrode in III-V compound GalnP solar cell was proposed. A high-quality, non-rectifying contact between ITO and 10 nm N＋-GaAs contact layer was formed, which is benefiting from a high carrier concentration of the terrilium-doped N＋-GaAs layer, up to 2×10^19 cm^-3. A good device performance of the GalnP solar cell with the ITO electrode was observed. This result indicates a great potential of transparent conducting films in the future fabrication of larger area flexible III-V solar cell.

A 30-year overview of sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(NIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to the similar properties of the Li and Na elements as well as the abundance and accessibility of Na resources.Most of the current research has been focused on the half-cell system(using Na metal as the counter electrode)to evaluate the performance of the cathode/anode/electrolyte.The relationship between the performance achieved in half cells and that obtained in full cells,however,has been neglected in much of this research.Additionally,the trade-off in the relationship between electrochemical performance and cost needs to be given more consideration.Therefore,systematic and comprehensive insights into the research status and key issues for the full-cell system need to be gained to advance its commercialization.Consequently,this review evaluates the recent progress based on various cathodes and highlights the most significant challenges for full cells.Several strategies have also been proposed to enhance the electrochemical performance of NIBs,including designing electrode materials,optimizing electrolytes,sodium compensation,and so forth.Finally,perspectives and outlooks are provided to guide future research on sodium-ion full cells.

Two-dimensional layered In_(2)P_(3)S_(9): A novel superior anode material for sodium-ion batteries

Developing reliable and efficient anode materials is essential for the successfully practical application of sodium-ion batteries.Herein,employing a straightforward and rapid chemical vapor deposition technique,two-dimensional layered ternary indium phosphorus sulfide(In_(2)P_(3)S_(9)) nanosheets are prepared.The layered structure and ternary composition of the In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) electrode result in impressive electrochemical performance,including a high reversible capacity of 704 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1),an outstanding rate capability with 425 mA h g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1),and an exceptional cycling stability with a capacity retention of88% after 350 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Furthermore,sodium-ion full cell also affords a high capacity of 308 and114 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 and 5 A g^(-1).Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy tests are conducted to investigate the underlying Na-storage mechanism of In_(2)P_(3)S_(9).The results reveal that during the first cycle,the P-S bond is broken to form the elemental P and In_(2)S_(3),collectively contributing to a remarkably high reversible specific capacity.The excellent electrochemical energy storage results corroborate the practical application potential of In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) for sodium-ion batteries.

Ultrafine SnSSe/multilayer graphene nanosheet nanocomposite as a high-performance anode material for potassium-ion half/full batteries

Layer-structured Shsse attracts much attention as an anode material for potassium storage due to its la rge theoretical capacity.Unfortunately,their practical application is severely restrained by the dramatic volumetric variation of SnSSe.Herein,we synthesize ultrafine SnSSe/multilayer graphene nanosheet(SnSSe/MGS) by a vacuum solid-phase reaction and subsequent ball milling.Owing to the strong synergistic effect between the two components,the obtained SnSSe/MGS nanocomposite exhibits a high reversible capacity(423 mAh g^(-1) at 100 mA g^(-1)),excellent rate property(218 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1)),and stable cycling performance(271 mAh g^(-1) after 500 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1)) in potassium-ion half batteries.Moreover,the full cell assembled by the SnSSe/MGS anode and the potassiated 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracar boxylic aciddianhydride cathode shows excellent electrochemical performance between 0.2 and 3.3 V(209 mAh g^(-1) at 50 mA g^(-1) after 100 cycles).The presented two-step synthesis strategy of SnSSe/MGS may also provide ideas to craft other alloy-type anode materials.

基于高通量测序对大鼠骨髓干细胞及诱导后成骨细胞的环状RNA表达差异分析研究

目的:对环状RNA调控大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)及成骨分化的差异表达进行研究,构建大鼠BMSCs全转组录基因数据库,获得特异性基因表达谱,进行功能注释和信号通路等生物信息学分析。方法:采用高通量测序技术检测大鼠BMSCs的成骨分化过程中环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)部分的差异性表达。通过基因本体(gene ontology,GO)注释分析以及京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)进行通路富集分析,对具有差异性表达的环状RNA进行功能注释。结果:在大鼠BMSCs成骨分化过程中,每个样本中预测到的circRNA数量为4230个,每个样本中预测到的特异的circRNA为1820个。高通量测序结果显示,在大鼠BMSCs成骨分化过程中共检测到2822个circRNA;总共检测到29个具有差异性表达的circRNA。结论:发现许多差异表达的circRNA与细胞的成骨分化密切相关。这些差异表达circRNA为潜在调控大鼠BMSCs及成骨分化的分子机制提供线索与依据。

基于网络辅助全双工无蜂窝系统的通感一体化协议设计

第六代移动通信技术的研究受到了广泛关注。随着通信和雷达频率范围的重叠,学者们对通感一体化的研究产生了浓厚兴趣。然而,分布式联合感知技术目前仍面临自干扰和互干扰等物理层挑战。基于第五代新空口协议,提出了一种针对网络辅助全双工无蜂窝系统的通感一体化协议方案,增设了感知解调参考信号。这一创新旨在通过低成本的改动,实现高质量的高通感一体化性能。该方案有效地解决了无蜂窝场景中接入点之间的感知干扰问题,它使得接收机能够准确地识别信源并估计信道,从而在确保通信性能的同时,实现精确的感知功能。

中高能重离子束全径迹辐照材料和细胞的实验装置设计及效应分析

中高能重离子束注入生物材料的径迹显著深于生物靶,且不同径迹点上的剂量分布、理化效应等又大不相同,所以,同一靶点通常不可能接受所有理化因子的作用(即全径迹辐照)。本实验设计思路:基于CR-39核径迹探测手段,在纯水介质中验证全径迹辐照综合效应特征;通过沿径迹上连续逆向移动靶材料或细胞培养液,以探究全径迹的辐照效应。最后,与对照组相比较,揭示重离子束全径迹的辐照效应及其潜在的分子改性、细胞改良和发酵工程等方面的应用价值。

气体循环泵国内外研究现状

气体循环泵是燃料电池系统中关键元器件,能为系统提供动力氢气和氧气,满足电化学反应足够的气体压力要求。本文以氢气循环泵和富氧循环泵为研究对象,详细介绍了其工作原理,简述了不同型式气体循环泵的优缺点,分析了国内外研究应用现状并对比了差距,指出了国内目前存在的短板问题,得出了产业链和关键核心部件需要完善突破的结论,为今后气体循环泵的国产化研究提供了方向。

车载用燃料电池直流变换器全状态双环控制方法

研究车载用燃料电池直流变换器全状态双环控制方法,以获得更稳定的输出电压,满足车载电源需求。分析燃料电池输出特性,揭示燃料电池输出电压、电流关系,将其作为依据并结合汽车动力系统结构,设计二次型Boost变换器,在分析其主电路结构以及工作原理的前提下,提出基于输入电压前馈的全状态双环控制策略,电流内环控制通过比较实际输出电流和期望输出电流的差值调节开关操作,以完成负载变化时燃料电池输出电流控制;电压外环控制器根据输出电压和期望电压值之间的差异调整开关状态,实现对燃料电池输出电压控制。实验结果表明:该方法可实现直流变换器控制,控制后的输出电压波形稳定、电压纹波较小、超调量低、控制效率高。

12 m燃料电池客车全承载车身的有限元分析

以新开发的12 m燃料电池客车为例,采用Patran+Nastran软件对其全承载车身进行有限元分析,主要分析垂直载荷、弯扭、转弯、制动等典型工况的应力,并对结构设计中的不足提出具体的改进措施,为以后燃料电池客车的结构设计提供参考。

基于GREET模型的氢燃料电池机车全生命周期碳排放与能耗分析

全球性的能源问题和环境问题正日益严重,在实现“双碳”目标的背景下,铁路运输部门需要选择低碳、绿色的燃料。相比较传统柴油动力内燃机车和电力机车,氢燃料电池机车在碳排放与能耗方面的优势值得探究。GREET模型是由美国阿贡国家实验室开发的计算机模拟软件,被广泛地应用于对车辆的能源与环境影响研究中。基于GREET模型,利用WTW (Well-to-Wheels)评价体系对氢燃料电池机车全生命周期的碳排放与能耗效应进行测算。通过与其他车型的对比研究发现:氢燃料电池机车的全生命周期能耗相比内燃机车降低了19.67%,与电力机车相近;氢燃料电池机车的全生命周期碳排放显著低于电力机车和内燃机车。本研究填补了行业中对我国氢燃料电池机车能耗与环境影响方面的研究空白。

全程护理干预在造血干细胞移植供者行血细胞分离单采术中的应用研究

探讨全程护理干预在造血干细胞移植供者行血细胞分离单采术中的应用。选取广东省第二人民医院2019年1月-2022年12月190例造血干细胞移植供者作为研究对象。其中,实施全程护理干预前即2019年1月-2020年12月98例供者为对照组,实施全程护理干预后即2021年1月-2022年12月92例供者为观察组。比较两组供者不良反应发生率和护理工作满意度。结果显示,实施全程护理干预前后的造血干细胞移植供者血细胞分离单采均采集成功,实施全程护理干预后,观察组供者采集不良反应发生率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组供者对护理工作的满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究发现,于造血干细胞移植供者行血细胞分离单采术中实施全程护理干预,能有效降低供者不良反应发生率,提升供者对护理工作的满意度。