Give constrains of costs and technology in analysis,actual practice of 2D FEM is widely popular and demanded.In order to take advantage of 2D FEM to simulate 3D stress state,the concept of stress releasing ratio was g...Give constrains of costs and technology in analysis,actual practice of 2D FEM is widely popular and demanded.In order to take advantage of 2D FEM to simulate 3D stress state,the concept of stress releasing ratio was generally introduced to represent the 3D constraint effect.For example,the simulation analysis of tunnel excavation is based on the measured actual deformation to provide stress releasing ratio.In the engi- neering of open excavation,the construction is,most of the case,targeted on alluvial de- posit with relatively soft stratum.However,the 2D FEM simulation lacks a clear and ra- tional basis in how to represent the effects of 3D constraint.Thus,in order to investigate the problem above,the author analyzed same engineering using both 2D and 3D individu- ally,and compared the corresponding results.Based on the 3D analysis,factors including the relationship between the model's scope,stress releasing ratio,and construction condi- tion of 2D analysis were also examined.展开更多
目的了解游戏化教学在护理教育中的应用现状及效果,为开展游戏化教学相关研究提供参考。方法根据范围综述的研究方法,计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数...目的了解游戏化教学在护理教育中的应用现状及效果,为开展游戏化教学相关研究提供参考。方法根据范围综述的研究方法,计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据、维普网中有关游戏化教学在护理教育中应用的文献,检索时限为建库至2024年2月27日,并对文献进行筛选、汇总及分析。结果共纳入15篇文献,游戏化教学的主要类型包括传统游戏、虚拟仿真实践、情景模拟、角色扮演、数字化在线教育平台;游戏化教学在提升理论实践能力、综合素质及情感态度方面都呈现积极效果。但目前教学评价工具还未统一标准。结论游戏化教学在国内外护理教育的应用较广泛,其教学有效性得到了初步证实,但在游戏化教学资源的开发、评价系统及教学设计等方面还需要进一步的完善和优化。展开更多
目的对虚拟仿真(virtual reality,VR)技术在护理临床实训中的应用进行范围审查,分析其现状和局限性,为该领域相关研究提供参考和借鉴。方法借助NoteExpress3.7软件、EndNote软件,检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献服务系统...目的对虚拟仿真(virtual reality,VR)技术在护理临床实训中的应用进行范围审查,分析其现状和局限性,为该领域相关研究提供参考和借鉴。方法借助NoteExpress3.7软件、EndNote软件,检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、维普中文期刊文献库等8个数据库自建库以来至2023年11月3日的有关VR在护理临床实训中应用效果的中英文文献,按照纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选,提取并归纳文献中的信息进行文献计量分析,针对作者、研究对象、研究类型、研究内容、应用情景、研究结果、局限性等多个维度进行范围综述。结果共检索出7825篇文献,最终纳入38篇文献。本文研究了在护理临床实训中应用VR技术对学生理论实践水平、临床思维和决策能力、学习主动性、团队协作能力、创新能力等产生的影响,研究发现的主要局限性有虚拟系统不完善、教学机制存在缺陷、配置要求高、虚拟设备佩戴舒适度不佳等。结论VR临床实训教学模式已成为趋势,该模式对提高护理专业学生的临床实训水平具有相对积极的应用效果,但是仍存在一些局限性,因此需要在实践中不断探索“虚实结合”的模式。展开更多
This study uses numerical simulations to examine a case of sea fog that was observed from 20 to 22 March2011 on the southern China coast. The observation dataset includes observatory data, cloud-top temperature from M...This study uses numerical simulations to examine a case of sea fog that was observed from 20 to 22 March2011 on the southern China coast. The observation dataset includes observatory data, cloud-top temperature from MODIS, GPS sonde, and data from the Integrated Observation Platform for Marine Meteorology(IOPMM). The simulations are based on the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model with four distinct parameter settings.Both the observations and simulations focus on the characteristics of the fog extent, boundary layer structure, and meteorological elements near the air-sea interface. Our main results are as follows:(1) The extent of mesoscale sea fog can be well simulated when the sea surface temperature has at least 0.5 ×0.5 horizontal resolution.(2) To accurately model the vertical structure of the sea fog, particularly the surface-based inversion, vertical levels must be added in the boundary layer.(3) When these model conditions are met, the simulations faithfully reproduce the measured downward shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation, and surface sensible heat flux during the sea fog period.展开更多
目的对模拟前导引(prebriefing)在护理教育中应用的相关文献进行范围审查,以了解目前护理领域模拟前导引的组成,及其在护理教育中的应用现状及效果。方法对中国知网、万方数据库、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、PubMed...目的对模拟前导引(prebriefing)在护理教育中应用的相关文献进行范围审查,以了解目前护理领域模拟前导引的组成,及其在护理教育中的应用现状及效果。方法对中国知网、万方数据库、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库进行文献检索,检索时限为建库至2022年10月27日。按照纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选,提取并归纳文献中的信息。结果共检索出897篇文献,22篇文献符合纳入标准。绝大多数文献报告的模拟体验遵循模拟前导引(prebriefing)、场景或案例(scenario or case)和引导性反馈(debriefing)3个标准实践环节;一些文献确定了模拟前导引的基本要素与活动内容;证据支持教育者在保证学习者为基于模拟的学习做好准备方面起着至关重要的作用。证据表明,模拟前导引显著改善心理安全感和信心水平相关结果指标;还与减少学习者的压力、优化技能与知识以及促进反思性和建设性的汇报有关。结论研究结果为模拟前导引实践提供了依据,可能会促使护理教育者进一步了解模拟前导引框架或标准化,并探讨模拟前导引的不同做法或策略的效果。展开更多
文摘Give constrains of costs and technology in analysis,actual practice of 2D FEM is widely popular and demanded.In order to take advantage of 2D FEM to simulate 3D stress state,the concept of stress releasing ratio was generally introduced to represent the 3D constraint effect.For example,the simulation analysis of tunnel excavation is based on the measured actual deformation to provide stress releasing ratio.In the engi- neering of open excavation,the construction is,most of the case,targeted on alluvial de- posit with relatively soft stratum.However,the 2D FEM simulation lacks a clear and ra- tional basis in how to represent the effects of 3D constraint.Thus,in order to investigate the problem above,the author analyzed same engineering using both 2D and 3D individu- ally,and compared the corresponding results.Based on the 3D analysis,factors including the relationship between the model's scope,stress releasing ratio,and construction condi- tion of 2D analysis were also examined.
文摘目的了解游戏化教学在护理教育中的应用现状及效果,为开展游戏化教学相关研究提供参考。方法根据范围综述的研究方法,计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据、维普网中有关游戏化教学在护理教育中应用的文献,检索时限为建库至2024年2月27日,并对文献进行筛选、汇总及分析。结果共纳入15篇文献,游戏化教学的主要类型包括传统游戏、虚拟仿真实践、情景模拟、角色扮演、数字化在线教育平台;游戏化教学在提升理论实践能力、综合素质及情感态度方面都呈现积极效果。但目前教学评价工具还未统一标准。结论游戏化教学在国内外护理教育的应用较广泛,其教学有效性得到了初步证实,但在游戏化教学资源的开发、评价系统及教学设计等方面还需要进一步的完善和优化。
文摘目的对虚拟仿真(virtual reality,VR)技术在护理临床实训中的应用进行范围审查,分析其现状和局限性,为该领域相关研究提供参考和借鉴。方法借助NoteExpress3.7软件、EndNote软件,检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、维普中文期刊文献库等8个数据库自建库以来至2023年11月3日的有关VR在护理临床实训中应用效果的中英文文献,按照纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选,提取并归纳文献中的信息进行文献计量分析,针对作者、研究对象、研究类型、研究内容、应用情景、研究结果、局限性等多个维度进行范围综述。结果共检索出7825篇文献,最终纳入38篇文献。本文研究了在护理临床实训中应用VR技术对学生理论实践水平、临床思维和决策能力、学习主动性、团队协作能力、创新能力等产生的影响,研究发现的主要局限性有虚拟系统不完善、教学机制存在缺陷、配置要求高、虚拟设备佩戴舒适度不佳等。结论VR临床实训教学模式已成为趋势,该模式对提高护理专业学生的临床实训水平具有相对积极的应用效果,但是仍存在一些局限性,因此需要在实践中不断探索“虚实结合”的模式。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(4127502541175013)+2 种基金Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(2008030303072,2012A061400012)Meteorological Sciences Research Project(2013B06,2013Q04,2014B08)Early Warning and Forecasting Technology for Marine Meteorology of the Guangdong Meteorological Bureau
文摘This study uses numerical simulations to examine a case of sea fog that was observed from 20 to 22 March2011 on the southern China coast. The observation dataset includes observatory data, cloud-top temperature from MODIS, GPS sonde, and data from the Integrated Observation Platform for Marine Meteorology(IOPMM). The simulations are based on the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model with four distinct parameter settings.Both the observations and simulations focus on the characteristics of the fog extent, boundary layer structure, and meteorological elements near the air-sea interface. Our main results are as follows:(1) The extent of mesoscale sea fog can be well simulated when the sea surface temperature has at least 0.5 ×0.5 horizontal resolution.(2) To accurately model the vertical structure of the sea fog, particularly the surface-based inversion, vertical levels must be added in the boundary layer.(3) When these model conditions are met, the simulations faithfully reproduce the measured downward shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation, and surface sensible heat flux during the sea fog period.
文摘目的对模拟前导引(prebriefing)在护理教育中应用的相关文献进行范围审查,以了解目前护理领域模拟前导引的组成,及其在护理教育中的应用现状及效果。方法对中国知网、万方数据库、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库进行文献检索,检索时限为建库至2022年10月27日。按照纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选,提取并归纳文献中的信息。结果共检索出897篇文献,22篇文献符合纳入标准。绝大多数文献报告的模拟体验遵循模拟前导引(prebriefing)、场景或案例(scenario or case)和引导性反馈(debriefing)3个标准实践环节;一些文献确定了模拟前导引的基本要素与活动内容;证据支持教育者在保证学习者为基于模拟的学习做好准备方面起着至关重要的作用。证据表明,模拟前导引显著改善心理安全感和信心水平相关结果指标;还与减少学习者的压力、优化技能与知识以及促进反思性和建设性的汇报有关。结论研究结果为模拟前导引实践提供了依据,可能会促使护理教育者进一步了解模拟前导引框架或标准化,并探讨模拟前导引的不同做法或策略的效果。
