Construction and Quality Analysis of Full-length cDNA Library of Phyllostachys heterocycla Germinating Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to construct the full-length cDNA library by using Oligo-capping method. [Result] The constructed library has a total capacity of 6.5×10^6 recombinant clones, and a low proportion of clones without inserted frag- ments; the size of inserted fragments ranges between 0.3-5.0 kb, with strict classifi- cation and ideal consistency. Furthermore, the proportion of clones harboring long in- serted fragments （1.0-5.0 kb） is as high as 30%, achieving the standard for high- quality full-length cDNA library. [Conclusion] The full-length cDNA library of germinat- ing seeds of P. heterocycla was successfully constructed, which laid important foun- dation for the functional genomics research of bamboo plants.

Generation and Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags(ESTs) from Muscle Full-Length cDNA Library of Wujin Pig

Porcine skeletal muscle genes play a major role in determining muscle growth and meat quality. Construction of a full-length cDNA library is an effective way to understand the expression of functional genes in muscle tissues. In addition, novel genes for further research could be identified in the library. In this study, we constructed a full-length cDNA library from porcine muscle tissue. The estimated average size of the cDNA inserts was 1 076 bp, and the cDNA fullness ratio was 86.2%. A total of 1 058 unique sequences with 342 contigs （32.3%） and 716 singleton （67.7%） expressed sequence tags （EST） were obtained by clustering and assembling. Meanwhile, 826 （78.1%） ESTs were categorized as known genes, and 232 （21.9%） ESTs were categorized as unknown genes. 65 novel porcine genes that exhibit no identity in the TIGR gene index of Sus scrofa and 124 full-length sequences with unknown functions were deposited in the dbEST division of GenBank （accession numbers： EU650784-EU650788, GE843306, GH228978-GH229100）. The abundantly expressed genes in porcine muscle tissue were related to muscle fiber development, energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Gene ontology analysis showed that sequences expressed in porcine muscle tissue contained a high percentage of binding activity, catalytic activity, structural molecule activity and motor activity, which involved mainly in metabolic, cellular and developmental process, distributed mainly in intracellular region. The sequence data generated in this study would provide valuable information for identifying porcine genes expressed in muscle tissue and help to advance the study on the structure and function of genes in pigs.

Construction of a Normalized Full-Length cDNA Library of Sesame Developing Seed by DSN and SMART^(TM)

Sesame （Sesamue indicum L.） is one of the most important oilseed crops with high oil yield. Here, we described a simple and efficient method for constructing a normalized cDNA library from a high oil content cultivar of sesame Zhongzhi 14, during its oil accumulation stages. It combined switching mechanism at 5？end of RNA transcript （SMART） technique and duplex-specific nuclease （DSN） normalization methods. Double-stranded cDNAs were synthesized from mRNAs, processed by normalization and Sfi I restriction endonuclease, and finally the cDNAs were ligated to pDNR-LIB vector. The ligation mixture was transformed into Escherichia coli DH10B by electroporation. The capacity of the library was 1.0？06 clones in this library. Gel electrophoresis results indicated the fragments ranged from 700 to 2 000 bp, with the average size of 1 800 bp. Random picking clones showed that the recombination rate was 100%. The results showed that the cDNA library constructed successfully was a full-length library with high quality, and could be used to screen the genes related to development of oil synthesis.

Construction of a Full-Length cDNA Library of Solen grandis Dunker and Identification of Defense- and Immune-Related Genes

The basic genetic characteristics, important functional genes, and entire transcriptome of Solen grandis Dunker were investigated by constructing a full-length cDNA library with the ‘switching mechanism at the 5'-end of the RNA transcript'(SMART) technique. Total RNA was isolated from the immune-relevant tissues, gills and hemocytes, using the Trizol reagent, and cDNA fragments were digested with Sfi I before being ligated to the pBluescript II SK* vector. The cDNA library had a titer of 1048 cfu μL-1 and a storage capacity of 1.05×106 cfu. Approximately 98% of the clones in the library were recombinants, and the fragment lengths of insert cDNA ranged from 0.8 kb to 3.0 kb. A total of 2038 expressed sequence tags were successfully sequenced and clustered into 965 unigenes. BLASTN analysis showed that 240 sequences were highly similar to the known genes(E-value < 1e-5; percent identity >80%), accounting for 25% of the total unigenes. According to the Gene Ontology, these unigenes were related to several biological processes, including cell structure, signal transport, protein synthesis, transcription, energy metabolism, and immunity. Fifteen of the identified sequences were related to defense and immunity. The full-length cDNA sequence of HSC70 was obtained. The cDNA library of S. grandis provided a useful resource for future researches of functional genomics related to stress tolerance, immunity, and other physiological activities.

Construction of a Full-Length cDNA Library of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Identification of Two MADS-Box Genes

A full-length normalized cDNA library for the flower development stages of short-season cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） （CCRI36） was constructed. A total of 3 421 clones were randomly selected for sequencing, with a total of 3 175 effective sequences obtained after removal of empty-carriers and low-quality sequences. Clustering the 3 175 high-quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs） resulted in a set of 2 906 non-redundant sequences comprised of 233 contigs and 2 673 singletons. Comparative analyses indicated that 913 （43.6%） of the unigenes had homologues with function-known genes or functionassumed genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information. In addition, 763 （36.4%） of the unigenes were functionally classified using Gene Ontology hierarchy. Through EST alignment and the screening method, the full-length cDNA of two MADS-box genes viz., GhMADSll and GhMADS12 were acquired. These genes may play a role in flower development. Phylogenetie analysis indicated that GhMADS11 and GhMADS12 had high homology and close evolutionary relationship with AGL2/SEP-type and PI-type genes, respectively. The expression of both GhMADSll and GhMADS12, genes was high in reproductive organs. In floral organs, GhMADSll expression was high in petals （whor12） and ovules, while GhMADS12 expression was high in petals （whor12） and stamens （whor13）. Results show that the EST strategy based on a normalized cDNA library is an effective method for gene identification. The study provides more insights for future molecular research on the regulation mechanism of cotton flower development.

A NEW METHOD TO CONSTRUCT A FULL-LENGTH cDNA LIBRARY OF HUMAN NORMAL BLADDER TISSUE

Objective Using template switch mechanism at the 5’ end of mRNA technique (SMART) to construct a full length cDNA library of human normal bladder tissue. Methods The novel procedures used the template switching activity of powerscript reverse transcriptase to synthesize and anchor first strand cDNA in one step. Following reverse transcription, 5 cycles of PCR were performed using a modified oligo(dT) primer and an anchor primer to enrich the full length cDNA population with 1.0 g human normal bladder poly(A) + RNA, then double strand cDNA was synthesized. After digestion with sfiI and size fractionation by CHROMA SPIN 400 columns, double strand cDNA was ligated into λ TripIEx 2 vector and was packaged. We determined the titer of the primary library and the percentage of recombinant clones and finally amplified the library. Results The titer of the cDNA library constructed was 2.1×10 6 pfu·mL -1 , and the amplified cDNA library was 6×10 11 pfu·mL -1 , the percentage of recombination clones was 99%. Conclusion Using SMART technique helps us to construct full length cDNA library with high efficiency and high capacity which lays solid foundation for screening target genes of bladder diseases with probes and antibodies.

玉米大斑病菌cDNA文库的构建及转录因子StMR1互作蛋白的筛选

【目的】筛选玉米大斑病菌(Setosphaeria turcica)转录因子的互作蛋白,解析黑色素调控转录因子StMR1调控玉米大斑病菌致病性的分子机制。为解析玉米大斑病菌侵染过程中转录因子的调控网络,阐明病菌的致病机理提供参考。【方法】收集玉米大斑病菌菌丝和孢子不同萌发阶段作为试验材料,采用Gateway方法构建玉米大斑病菌cDNA文库,使用同源重组的方法构建转录因子StMR1的诱饵载体,采用酵母双杂交技术筛选其互作蛋白并进行一对一验证。【结果】构建的玉米大斑病菌文库插入的平均片段长度大于1000 bp,初级文库及次级文库的库容量为1.2×107和1.04×107CFU,重组率为100%,可以用于酵母双杂交筛选。成功构建可以用于筛库的诱饵载体pGBKT7-StMR1,经初筛与复筛得到3个互作蛋白,一对一验证短链脱氢酶、糖基转移酶、富含亮氨酸重复序列蛋白均与转录因子StMR1存在互作。【结论】成功构建了丰富度高且质量好的玉米大斑病菌cDNA文库并筛选到了与转录因子StMR1互作的蛋白。

白菜种子cDNA酵母文库的构建及BrTTG1互作蛋白的筛选及分析

【目的】通过构建白菜种子的cDNA文库,筛选WDR 40蛋白TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1(TTG1)的互作蛋白,探究TTG1参与MBW三元复合体调控种皮原花青素形成的分子机制。【方法】以棕籽白菜自交系‘B147’的种子为材料,提取总RNA并建立cDNA文库,通过gateway技术构建诱饵载体pGBKT7-TTG1并进行酵母双杂交筛库。【结果】酵母文库库容为1.2×10^(7)CFU,文库滴度是5.0×10^(7)CFU/mL,插入片段平均长度大于1000 bp,诱饵载体在酵母中无自激活活性。通过构建的诱饵载体pGBKT7-TTG1与构建的cDNA文库杂交,共获得了38个阳性互作蛋白,功能预测显示其中一个蛋白注释为MYB转录因子,注释为MYB73,序列分析结果显示该基因含有R2R3-MYB型抑制子保守基序C1和C2,推测该基因为白菜中参与种皮颜色形成的R2R3-MYB型抑制子,暗示着白菜中可能存在不同MYB转录因子参与的调控网络,影响着原花青素的形成。【结论】本研究构建了白菜种子组织的酵母双杂交cDNA文库,获得了38个TTG1阳性互作蛋白,首次挖掘到了可能影响白菜种皮颜色原花青素形成的R2R3-MYB型抑制子MYB73,为后期探究白菜种皮原花青素的调控网络奠定良好的基础。

矢车菊不同颜色花瓣酵母cDNA文库的构建

【目的】矢车菊花瓣的蓝色呈色和品种间花色变异的分子调控机制尚不明晰。本研究采用Gateway技术构建了矢车菊6个不同花色品种花瓣的酵母cDNA文库,以期进一步通过酵母单杂交或双杂交技术筛选参与调控花瓣呈色的关键互作蛋白。【方法】本研究以白色、粉色、红色、蓝色、紫色和墨色矢车菊花瓣为材料,提取总RNA后分离和纯化mRNA,合成双链cDNA后依次进行BP重组反应和LR重组反应,分别获得初级和次级文库。最后将次级文库质粒转化酵母Y187,获得矢车菊不同颜色花瓣的酵母cDNA文库。【结果】质量鉴定结果显示:初级文库的库容量为1.3×10^(7) CFU,重组率为100%,且插入片段长度均在1000 bp以上;次级文库的库容量为1.6×10^(7) CFU,重组率为100%,且插入片段长度均在1000 bp以上。酵母文库的滴度为3.5×10^(7) CFU/mL,随机挑选的24个单克隆经PCR检测后均扩增出明亮条带,重组率为100%,插入片段长度均大于1000 bp。【结论】本研究构建的矢车菊不同颜色花瓣酵母cDNA文库的质量较高,能满足酵母文库筛选的试验要求,为后续探究矢车菊花瓣的蓝色呈色和品种间花色变异的分子调控机制提供了材料基础。

橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌酵母单杂交cDNA文库及CcCas5启动子诱饵载体的构建

为了筛选出与CcCas5启动子结合的转录因子,本研究构建了橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌的酵母单杂交cDNA表达文库和CcCas5启动子诱饵载体,并对3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑(3-amino-1,2,4-triazole,3-AT)的最佳抑制浓度进行了筛选。结果显示,构建的酵母单杂交cDNA表达文库总容量为3.49×10^(6)cfu,插入片段主要分布于750~2000 bp之间,重组率为95.8%;克隆了CcCas 5基因2600 bp的启动子序列,预测获得真菌主要的10大类转录因子的结合位点165个;构建了分别携带1500 bp和1000 bp启动子序列的酵母单杂交启动子诱饵载体,10 mmol/L的3-AT能抑制pHis2.1-pCcCas5-1000和pHis2.1-pCcCas5-1500的背景表达。试验结果为通过酵母单杂交筛选与CcCas5启动子结合的转录因子和进一步研究转录因子对CcCas5表达的调控作用奠定基础。

麦根腐平脐蠕孢cDNA文库的构建及BsTup1互作蛋白筛选

【目的】深入探究麦根腐平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)生长发育及致病力的分子作用机制,并鉴定BsTup1的互作蛋白。【方法】利用麦根腐平脐蠕孢(B.sorokiniana)孢子和不同时期的菌丝体为材料,构建酵母双杂交cDNA文库,以BsTup1基因为诱饵来筛选酵母双杂交文库,确定与BsTup1相互作用的蛋白。【结果】1)利用SMART(switching mechanism at 5′end of the RNA transcript)技术首次成功构建了麦根腐平脐蠕孢(B.sorokini-ana)分生孢子和菌丝体的混合cDNA文库。文库鉴定结果表明,构建的cDNA文库库容为4.8×10^(7) cfu·mL^(-1),文库插入片段重组率达100%且平均大小为1000 bp。2)构建了pGBKT7-BsTup1诱饵载体,无自激活活性。3)使用诱饵蛋白载体pGBKT7-BsTup1对麦根腐平脐蠕孢(B.sorokiniana)酵母双杂交cDNA文库进行筛选,经测序、序列比对和酵母回转验证,获得38个与BsTup1相互作用的候选蛋白。【结论】成功构建了麦根腐平脐蠕孢(B.sorokiniana)的cDNA文库,并鉴定出38个与BsTup1相互作用的候选蛋白。

cDNA文库的构建及其在兽医研究中的应用

cDNA文库是一个包含特定组织或细胞类型全套基因表达信息的克隆集合,是进行基因表达分析和功能研究的重要工具。构建高质量的cDNA文库对于捕获全面的转录信息至关重要,这涉及样本的选择、处理、cDNA的合成和文库的构建等一系列步骤的优化。该文介绍了cDNA文库的概念、构建技术及其在兽医学中的应用,并对技术进展和未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Representative cDNA Library from Isolated Rice Sperm Cells

利用Percoll密度梯度离心和多次滤膜过滤分离到适于分子生物学研究的水稻 (OryzasativaL .cv .Guichao2 )生活精细胞。借助RT_PCR和SMART技术构建了水稻精细胞的cDNA文库。初级文库的大小为 1.5 8× 10 6 pfu ,插入片段平均大小为 980bp。 10 3个随机挑选的克隆与DIG标记的水稻幼苗根、叶及二细胞时期花粉、成熟花粉、精细胞和授粉 5～ 7d的子房cDNA探针杂交表明 ,除少数克隆外 ,它们在上述器官中的表达情况很相似。 10个随机挑选的克隆用来测序及分析 ,有 4个克隆含有完整的开放阅读框。 1个克隆与水稻Polyubiquitin (Rubq1)mRNA高度同源。Northern杂交表明它在二细胞时期花粉、成熟花粉中的表达显著少于在根、叶和授粉子房中的表达。另一个克隆的开放阅读框编码与拟南芥 (Arabidopsisthaliana (L .)Heynh .)AtRAD17同源的蛋白。这是第一次正式报道高等植物精细胞cDNA文库的构建 ,也是第一次从高等植物精细胞中分离到其表达的基因。

Advances in Normalized cDNA Library and Its Applications

The cDNA library normalized by reassociation is a newly-developed and effective platform for EST acquisition and gene discovery.It decreases the prevalence of clones representing abundant transcripts and dramatically increases the efficiency of random sequencing and rare gene discovery.The principle,procedure and applications of normalized cDNA library were reviewed in this paper,which provides theoretical basis for the development of normalized cDNA library and discover more novel genes.

Construction of Midgut Tissue-Specific cDNA Library of Bombyx mandarina M. and Isolation and Sequence Analysis of Serine Protease Gene Fragment

[Objective] The aim of the study is to construct cDNA library of midgut tissue of wild silkworm and isolate the serine protease gene. [Method] The midgut tissue-specific cDNA library of wild silkworm was constructed via cDNA Library Construction Kit (TaKaRa), then the serine protease gene was cloned via sequencing of the yielded cDNA library. [Result] The titer of cDNA library reached 6.2×105 pfu/ml, average insert size was about 1.2 kb. The serine protease gene cDNA fragment was obtained from colony sequencing (Accession No: EU672968). The nucleotide sequence of the cloned 854 bp fragment encodes 284 amino acid residues. Homology analyses showed some homology between putative amino acid sequence of the cloned fragment and amino acid sequences of serine proteases from other ten insects. [Conclusion] The results may avail to reveal the resistance of silkworm and wild silkworm to exotic intrusion.

橡胶树膜系统酵母双杂交cDNA文库构建及HbSRPP7互作蛋白筛选

橡胶树橡胶粒子上的蛋白质在橡胶生物合成一系列反应过程中起着关键作用,它们直接决定着橡胶烃分子的数量和大小,影响天然橡胶的产量和质量。小橡胶粒子蛋白(small rubber particle protein,SRPP)是丰度仅次于橡胶延伸因子(rubber elongation factor,REF)的橡胶粒子蛋白组分,与橡胶粒子发育和橡胶生物合成密切相关。目前已知橡胶粒子上存在多种SRPP家族蛋白,但大部分成员的功能尚不清楚。SRPP可能通过与其他橡胶粒子蛋白相互作用发挥功能。为了筛选SRPP蛋白家族成员之一Hb SRPP7的互作蛋白,本研究利用位点特异性重组技术构建了原始库容为1.5×10^(7)CFU的均一化橡胶树胶乳膜蛋白酵母双杂交系统(membrane yeast two-hybrid system,MYTH)cDNA文库,该文库插入片段平均长度大于1500 bp,重组率约为100%。构建了用于MYTH系统筛选HbSRPP7互作蛋白的pBT3STE-SRPP7和pBT3SUC-SRPP7诱饵载体并确认其能在NMY32酵母菌株中正确表达,无自激活活性。使用pBT3STE-SRPP7诱饵质粒对胶乳MYTHcDNA文库进行筛选,获得21个HbSRPP7候选互作的蛋白,包括3个REF家族蛋白(HbREF1、HbREF3和HbREF8)、2个SRPP家族蛋白(HbSRPP1、HbSRPP2)、2个活性氧清除相关蛋白(thioredoxin H-type-like、L-ascorbate peroxidase 2)以及5个胁迫相关蛋白(high mobility group Bprotein 2-like、RPM1-interacting protein 4-like、stress-related protein-like、salt stress-induced hydrophobic peptide ESI3-like和F-box/kelch-repeat protein)。结果显示HbSRPP7除了可能通过与橡胶生物合成相关的橡胶粒子蛋白互作参与橡胶生物合成,也可能通过与生物和非生物逆境胁迫相关蛋白互作,响应橡胶树乳管生物和非生物逆境胁迫系统信号,参与橡胶粒子上的橡胶生物合成调控。该研究结果有助于了解SRPP家族蛋白的功能,为揭示橡胶粒子上参与橡胶生物合成的蛋白复合体组成,阐明橡胶生物合成及其调控的分子机制奠定基础。

盐碱胁迫诱导的猴樟酵母cDNA文库构建及CbP5CS上游调控因子筛选

盐碱土壤环境是限制猴樟引种推广的主要因素,脯氨酸是植物适应盐碱胁迫过程中主要的渗透调节物质,筛选并鉴定出调控脯氨酸合成的转录因子对于猴樟耐盐碱分子机理研究具有重要意义。以猴樟实生苗为材料,在水培培养基础上,采用0 mmol/L和10 mmol/L的Na_(2)CO_(3)溶液分别进行处理,选取处理6 h、48 h的根系组织,提取总RNA,构建盐碱胁迫诱导的猴樟根系酵母c DNA文库;以猴樟根系总DNA为模板,克隆CbP5CS启动子序列,采用Y1H酵母单杂交技术筛选出与CbP5CS启动子存在互作的蛋白,并通过高通量测序技术鉴定出调控猴樟脯氨酸合成的转录因子。结果表明,所构建的cDNA文库库容为4.88×10^(7)CFU/mL,总克隆数为9.76×10^(7)CFU,文库插入片段平均长度在1000 bp左右,cDNA片段重组率为100%,符合酵母杂交试验的要求。克隆出的CbP5CS启动子序列长2012 bp,成功构建出诱饵质粒pHIS2-CbP5CS,利用共转化方法从文库中筛选到31个与CbP5CS互作的EST序列。经酵母回转验证,31个EST序列均与CbP5CS存在互作。经NGS测序和BLAST比对搜索,获得6个转录因子基因,分别为锌指CCCH结构域蛋白25异构体x1、AtbHLH104、转录因子TFIIIC、RING/FYVE/PHD锌指超家族蛋白、GATA型锌指转录因子家族蛋白、AtbHLH96。以上结果为进一步研究植物脯氨酸代谢响应盐碱胁迫的分子机制奠定基础。

甘蓝型油菜-核盘菌酵母双杂交cDNA文库构建及BnJar1互作蛋白筛选

油菜与核盘菌相互作用的过程中,JA(茉莉酸)合成相关基因表达量升高,但是JA信号传递却受到了抑制,推测核盘菌分泌的效应蛋白可能直接或间接作用于JAR1蛋白,使其活性降低,从而抑制依赖JA途径的油菜防御系统。前期通过转录组测序获得了差异表达基因BnJar1全长序列,为进一步揭示BnJar1基因参与油菜-核盘菌相互作用过程的机理,本研究对BnJAR1蛋白进行生物信息学分析和预测,构建了核盘菌-油菜互作表达基因酵母文库,并以BnJar1作为诱饵蛋白对文库进行酵母双杂交筛选,获得了5个来自油菜的互作蛋白:丙二烯氧化物环化酶2(BnAOC2)、COP9信号复合物(BnCOP9)、4a-羟基四氢生物蝶呤脱水酶(BnDcoH)、腈水解酶2(BnNIT2)和茎特异性蛋白(BnTSJT1);2个来自核盘菌的互作蛋白:MFS结构域蛋白(SsMFS)和Rho3 GTP酶(SsRho3)。相关结果为研究油菜-核盘菌的相互作用,挖掘致病或抗病相关基因,进一步解析其机理奠定了基础。

Construction and analysis of a subtracted cDNA library of Betula platyphylla female inflorescence

Female inflorescence of Betula platyphylla was sampled at an interval of eachtwo days to analyze the background of gene expression in floral phase. On the basis of SMARTstrategy, the driver cDNA was obtained from total RNA of the last sample and the tester cDNA wasfrom that of the others by RT-PCR which were subsequently used to construct a subtracted cDNAlibrary. The result of the ESTs (expression sequence tags) blastX showed that the genes in thesubtracted cDNA library could be mainly clustered into 5 groups related to metabolism,transportation and signal transduction, cell cycle, stress response, and regulation. Therelationship between gene expression and development was also discussed.

Construction of SMART cDNA Library of Sheep Ovary and Identification of Candidate Gene by Homologous Cloning

The cDNA library of an ovary from Small Tail Han sheep before estrus was constructed by switching mechanism at 5＇ end of RNA transcript （SMART） approach. This library had a plaque titer of 1 x 109 pfu mL-1 and a 96% recombinant ratio of which the fragment length of inserted average cDNA sequences was 1.0 kb. Based on bioinformatics analysis of the sequences, we obtained 338 expressed sequence tags （ESTs） from 380 cDNA clones which indicated 191 contigs. These contigs consist of 89 unmatched ESTs, 9 homologous known genes in sheep, and 93 homologous sequences in species of mouse, bovine, and human beings, including 19 sequences expressed in the ovary or follicle and 14 unknown sequences. Several candidate genes associated with sheep reproduction trait such as epidermal growth factor （EGF）, estrogen receptor （ESR）, Inhibin, follicle stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR）, prostaglandin （PG）, and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） were identified and the homologous were cloned from this library, which will contribute to compile expression profiles and find the major genes of prolificacy of Small Tail Han sheep.