Robust fault detection in linear systemsbased on full-order state observers

A parametric approach to robust fault detection in linear systems with unknown disturbances is presented. The residual is generated using full-order state observers （FSO）. Based on an analytical solution to a type of Sylvester matrix equations, the parameterization of the observer gain matrix is given. In terms of the design degrees of freedom provided by the parametric observer design and a group of introduced parameter vectors, a sufficient and necessary condition for fullorder state observer design with disturbance decoupling is then established. By properly constraining the design parameters according to this proposed condition, the effect of the disturbance on the residual signal is also decoupled, and a simple algorithm is developed. The presented approach offers all the degrees of design freedom. Finally, a numerical example illustrates the effect of the proposed approach.

Improved Rotor Flux Observer for Sensorless Control of PMSM with Adaptive Harmonic Elimination and Phase Compensation

In this paper,a sensorless control strategy of a permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM)based on an improved rotor flux observer(IFO)is proposed.Due to the unknown integral initial value and the high harmonics caused by current sampling and inverter nonlinearities,the flux linkage estimated by traditional rotor flux observer may be inaccurate.In order to address these issues,a self-adaptive band-pass filter(SABPF)is designed to eliminate the DC component and high-frequency harmonics of the estimated equivalent rotor flux linkage.Furthermore,in order to avoid that the design of PI parameter is influenced by the amplitude of equivalent rotor flux linkage,an improved phase-locked loop(IPLL)is employed to obtain the rotor speed and to normalize the estimated equivalent rotor flux linkage.In addition,angle shift caused by an SABPF is compensated to improve the accuracy of the estimated flux linkage angle.Besides,the parameter robustness of this method is analyzed in detail.Finally,simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and parameter robustness of the proposed method.

NOVEL SENSORLESS VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEM OF INDUCTION MACHINE BASED ON FLUX OBSERVER IN FIELD WEAKENING

为正式就职机器(IM ) 的一个 speed-sensorless 向量控制系统被介绍。根据 IM 的向量控制理论，转子流动基于一个流动观察员被估计，并且速度通过 c7~axis 转子流动与比例的不可分的管理者在零上收敛的方法被估计。0。75 kW， 50 Hz，二杆的正式就职机器在模拟和试验性的确认被使用。模拟模型在 Matlab 被构造。测试的 Aseries 在削弱区域的地里被执行，为以资产净值出售、装载的操作。估计的速度在基于的速度区域追踪实际速度很好“并且域变弱区域(1 每每联合起来统一值到 4 珍视) 。剩余速度的小评价错误由于存在滑倒。

Flux Feedback Power Amplifiers Based on a Disturbance Observer

磁通反馈式功率放大器中存在的噪声、参数摄动以及其它非线性特征会影响磁悬浮效果。为了研究该问题,建立了磁通反馈式功率放大器及其负载电磁铁的仿真模型,其中引入了气隙变化对磁通生成模型的影响。针对单纯比例积分微分（proportion-integral-differential,PID）控制应用在磁通反馈式功率放大器中会产生磁通稳态输出抖动的问题,设计了一个新型干扰观测器（disturbance observer,DOB）。新型DOB采用多路传感信号综合观测的方式减小反馈信号处的噪声干扰对观测值的影响,并获得了比常规DOB更加稳定的系统等效效果。仿真结果表明,结合新型DOB结构的PID反馈控制方法能够很好的抑制因模型参数摄动、模型非线性特征和噪声而造成的稳态磁通输出抖动,其控制效果优于单独PID控制方法。

Modified sensorless vector control system of IM based on flux observer

This paper presents a speed sensorless vector control system for induction machine (IM),which is based on a flux observer. According to vector control theory of IM,the q-axis rotor flux converging on zero is utilized for speed estimation. Additionally this system solved the online identification of stator resistance by d-axis flux error. The advantages of the proposed system are simplicity and avoidance of the problems caused by only using a voltage model. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been verified by simulation and experimentation.

A New Hybrid Model Rotor Flux Observer and Its Application

A new hybrid model rotor flux observer, based on a new voltage model, is presented. In the first place, the voltage model of an induction machine was constructed by using the modeling method discussed in this paper and then the current model using a flux feedback was adopted in this flux observer. Secondly, the two models were com- bined via a filter and then the rotor flux observer was established. In the M-T synchronous coordinate, the observer was analyzed theoretically and several important functions were derived. A comparison between the observer and the traditional models was made using Matlab software. The simulation results show that the observer model had a better performance than the traditional model.

An Improved Stator Flux Observation Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

The stator flux and electromagnetic torque observation is the basis of direct torque controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor( PMSM) drive system. However,the traditional stator flux observer based on voltage model is affected by integral initial values and integral drift,that based on current model is affected by the parameters of PMSM,so a new stator flux observation method is proposed based on an improved secondorder generalized integrator( SOGI). Compared to the stator flux observation method based on the conventional SOGI,the proposed method can not only overcome the influence of integral initial values and integral drift,but also completely eliminate the DC offset's influence. Therefore,the observation accuracy of stator flux is further improved. The simulation and experimental results both show that the proposed method has a higher stator flux and electromagnetic torque observation precision.

Coastal buoy observation of air-sea net heat flux in the East China Sea in summer 2020

The full fluxes and associated air-sea variables based on three months of operational buoy observations in the East China Sea(ECS)in summer 2020 were analyzed for the first time.The surface net heat flux(Q_(net))was positive(139.7±77.7 W/m^(2))and was dominated by the combined eff ects of solar shortwave radiation(SW)and latent heat fluxes(LH).The mean heat flux components of 4 reanalysis datasets(NCEP2,MERRA-2,CFSR,and ERA5)and buoy data were compared to assess the mean ability of the modeling/reanalysis simulation.Among the four components of air-sea flux,SW was the best simulated,while LH was the worst simulated.The longwave radiation(LW)and LH values from reanalysis were higher than those from buoy data,especially LH.The high LH resulted in low Q_(net).Furthermore,the 4 reanalysis datasets were compared with the buoy dataset.Among all flux products,the difference in radiation flux was the smallest,while that in the turbulent flux was the greatest.The observed variables related to turbulent flux were analyzed to help determine the cause of the flux discrepancies.High wind speeds were the main cause of this difference.Using the variables provided by the reanalysis data and the same bulk formulas of the Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Response Experiment(COARE 3.0),we found that the recalculated sensible heat flux(SH)and LH were closer to the observed heat fluxes than the direct model outputs.The signifi cant diff erences between these methods could account for the discrepancies among diff erent data.Among all air-sea flux products,the air-sea flux in ERA5 was closer to the in-situ observations than the other products.The comparison results of reanalysis data provide an important reference for more accurate studies of the summer heat flux in the ECS at the synoptic and climatic scales.

Validation of NCEP and OAFlux air-sea heat fluxes using observations from a Black Pearl wave glider

Latent and sensible heat fluxes based on observations from a Black Pearl wave glider were estimated along the main stream of the Kuroshio Current from the East China Sea to the east coast of Japan,from December 2018 to January 2019.It is found that the data obtained by the wave glider were comparable to the sea surface temperature data from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis and the wind field data from WindSat.The Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment 3.0(COARE 3.0)algorithm was used to calculate the change in air-sea turbulent heat flux along the Kuroshio.The averaged latent heat flux(LHF)and sensible heat flux(SHF)were 235 W/m^(2)and 134 W/m^(2),respectively,and the values in the Kuroshio were significant larger than those in the East China Sea.The LHF and SHF obtained from Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Fluxes for the Global Oceans(OAFlux)were closer to those measured by the wave glider than those obtained from National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)reanalysis products.The maximum deviation occurred in the East China Sea and the recirculation zone of the Kuroshio(deviation of SHF>200 W/m^(2);deviation of LHF>400 W/m^(2)).This indicates that the NCEP and OAFlux products have large biases in areas with complex circulation.The wave glider has great potential to observe air-sea heat fluxes with a complex circulation structure.

Observation Research of the Turbulent Fluxes of Momentum, Sensible Heat and Latent Heat over the West Pacific Tropical Ocean Area

This paper describes results of the fluxes of momentum , sensible heat and latent heat for the West Pacific Tropical Ocean Area ( 127 ° E - 150 ° E , 5 ° N -3 ° S ). The data were collected by the small tethered balloon sounding system over this ocean area including 6 continuous stations (140 ° E. 0 ° ; 145 ° E, 0 ° ; 150 ° E, 0 ° ; 140° E, 5 ° N; 145 ° E, 5° N and 150 ° E, 5 ° N) from 11 October to 15 December, 1986 . These fluxes were calculated by the semiempirical flux-profile relationships of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory using these observed data. The results show that for this tropical ocean area the drag coefficient CD is equal to (1.53 ± 0.25) × 10 3 and the daily mean latent flux Hl is greater than its daily mean sensible flux HV by a factor of about 9.

An Observing Method for Flux and Speed with Direct Torque Control

An observing method for stator flux and rotor flux is presented. Based on the proposed flux observing method, a novel speed estimator has been designed. At last, the speed estimator combined with the flux observing is applied in the direct torque control system without speed sensor. The simulation results show that these methods can improve the accuracy of speed observing and the low speed performance of direct torque control system, and strengthen the robustness of system.

The Non-Singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Deep Flux Weakening Switching Point Tracking

This paper presents a novel non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control(NFTSMC)based on the deep flux weakening switching point tracking method in order to improve the control performance of permanent interior magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM)drive systems.The mathematical model of flux weakening(FW)control is established,and the deep flux weakening switching point is calculated accurately by analyzing the relationship between the torque curve and voltage decline curve.Next,a second-order NFTSMC is designed for the speed loop controller to ensure that the system converges to the equilibrium state in finite time.Then,an extended sliding mode disturbance observer(ESMDO)is designed to estimate the uncertainty of the system.Finally,compared with both the PI control and sliding mode control(SMC)by simulations and experiments with different working conditions,the method proposed has the merits of accelerating convergence,improving steady-state accuracy,and minimizing the current and torque pulsation.

基于遥感和通量观测的实际蒸散发时空变化特征——以黄河流域水源涵养区为例

蒸散发是地表水热平衡的关键要素,分析蒸散发的时空分布特征及其影响因素,对于深入理解区域水文循环与生态系统过程至关重要。基于通量观测站数据,评估GLEAM、MTE、GLDAS和AVHRR共4种蒸散发产品在黄河流域水源涵养区的适用性,利用水量平衡方法验证其在流域尺度上的精度,并探讨实际蒸散发的影响因素。结果表明:在站点尺度上,GLEAM蒸散发产品精度最高;在流域尺度上,校正后的GLEAM蒸散发产品与实际蒸散发的相对误差在渭河南山支流区最小,其次是兰州以上地区;1982—2015年黄河流域水源涵养区实际蒸散发整体呈增加趋势,空间分布上自西到东逐渐增加;不同植被类型年均蒸散发差异较大,阔叶林的蒸散发最大(575.2 mm),其次是农田(504.3 mm),高山草甸的蒸散发最小(358.2 mm);实际蒸散发变化主要受到太阳辐射与气温的影响。

考虑磁链变化率的永磁同步电机失磁故障复合容错控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)失磁故障中磁链变化较快,近似认为磁链变化率为0会导致传统PMSM失磁容错控制方法性能受限的问题,本文提出一种基于智能比例积分微分的无模型超螺旋滑模复合容错控制(iPID-MFSTSMC)方法。首先,构建考虑永磁体磁链变化量的PMSM失磁故障数学模型,根据这一模型设计了磁链滑模观测器,实现了对于磁链及其变化率的观测。此外,针对快速变化的负载转矩设计了负载转矩导数滑模观测器。然后,基于磁链及其变化率、负载转矩导数的观测,设计了iPID无模型容错控制方法,该方法采用超螺旋滑模算法对观测误差及其他扰动进行抑制,改善了动态性能且降低了控制器参数的设计难度。利用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了所设计容错控制方法的稳定性,并给出了参数的设计条件。最后,在磁链以及负载转矩快速变化工况下,通过仿真和实验分析表明,该方法可以有效减少系统抖振并降低超调量。

船舶永磁同步推进电机的优化I/f起动控制方法

为解决高转矩与高转动惯量的船舶推进电机在开环I/f控制中转速和转矩波动大、电机易失步、效率低的问题,提出一种I/f控制改进方法。通过建立转矩角观测器,调节给定电流矢量的幅值,使其跟随负载转矩变化,提高系统鲁棒性。同时,将电机运行状态推进至接近最大转矩电流比状态,提高电机的运行效率;通过瞬时有功功率调节电流矢量的角速度,降低电磁转矩波动,加快电机的转速收敛过程。最后,在Matlab/Simulink中进行仿真实验,实验结果表明该方法可以显著提高推进电机运行效率和稳定性。

ChinaFLUX CO2通量数据处理系统与应用

CO2通量观测数据的规范处理及其高质量数据产品的发布,是CO2通量及其相关领域研究的前提和基础。为解决目前通量观测数据处理工作中存在的过程繁琐、方法不统一、处理不及时等问题,本研究以MATLAB为开发工具,利用其强大的数学计算功能和可视化GUI技术,集成目前主要的通量数据处理方法,开发了一套具有自主知识产权的中国通量网(ChinaFLUX)通量观测数据处理系统。该系统的处理对象为30min的CO2通量观测数据,其主要处理步骤包括湍流通量计算、观测数据的质量控制/质量保证、缺失观测数据的插补,以及不同时间尺度下碳交换量的分解和计算等。该系统自动化程度高、可视化程度强,为ChinaFLUX通量观测数据处理及服务提供了一个良好的平台。

能够校正相位误差的感应电机全阶磁链观测器

感应电机的传统全阶磁链观测器,采用预估校正法进行离散时转子磁链估计相位的误差较小。但是电机高速运行时,随着载波比的减小,估计相位误差会随之增大,进而引起电机控制性能下降。有鉴于此,通过分析磁链相位误差的影响以及电机控制变量之间的相互作用关系,推导出一种具有相位误差自校正功能的改进全阶磁链观测器。最后在感应电机实验平台上验证了改进全阶观测器的有效性。

基于转子磁链和扰动观测器的异步电机自适应反步控制

针对转子电阻摄动和内外部扰动问题,设计了自适应反步控制方法来调节电机速度。首先,提出了一种改进指数趋近律的滑模磁链观测器,估算转子磁链并根据所得磁链计算出转子磁链角。其次,采用扰动观测器估计电机系统中出现的模型不确定性和负载扰动等。再次,利用反步控制法,求解出虚拟控制律和转子电阻自适应律,并设计自适应反步控制器。最后,将所设计的控制方法与传统反步控制方法进行对比,实验结果表明,所提方法的动态过程响应速度快、超调小,稳态过程跟踪精度高,且具有良好的抗干扰能力。

基于改进混合模型转子磁链观测器的异步电机无速度传感器控制

针对异步电机无速度传感器控制由于估计转子磁链不准确导致控制精度不佳的问题,提出了一种改进的混合模型转子磁链观测器设计方法。首先,介绍了常规的异步电机磁链观测方法,并借助异步电机的复矢量模型和特征函数详细分析了常规Gopinath型转子磁链观测器存在的主要问题。其次,为了解决常规磁链观测器存在的缺点,提出了一种改进的特征函数设计方法,进而得到了一种改进的混合模型转子磁链观测器。再次,基于特征函数和频率响应函数,进一步对比研究了常规Gopinath型转子磁链观测器和所提改进的混合模型转子磁链观测器的参数灵敏性。最后,利用所提混合模型转子磁链观测器的磁链观测结果和锁相环,实现了异步电机的无速度传感器控制。基于StarSim和YXSPACE-SP2000平台的对比实验结果,验证了所提混合模型转子磁链观测器的参数鲁棒性,同时也验证了所提无速度传感器控制策略的有效性。

基于参数辨识的三相电压型整流器VF-DPC策略

三相电压型整流器(VSR)虚拟磁链定向的直接功率控制(VF-DPC)对电感参数的变化较敏感。为此,提出了一种基于电感参数在线辨识的三相VSR的VF-DPC策略。首先,此处介绍了三相VSR的数学模型及最小二乘法参数辨识原理。然后,提出了一种基于最小二乘法的电感参数在线辨识策略。其次,针对常规虚拟磁链计算方法受纯积分运算影响的问题,提出了一种最小阶虚拟磁链观测器。最后,通过将辨识的电感参数输入到所设计的最小阶虚拟磁链观测器,可以大大提高虚拟磁链的观测精度,进而可提高三相VSR的功率控制精度。仿真和实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性。