Green coffee bean hydroalcoholic extract accelerates wound healing in full-thickness wounds in rabbits

Background:Green coffee beans contain biochemical compounds including caffeine,chlorogenic acid,trigonelline,and diterpenoid alcohols.In traditional Iranian medicine,coffee bean powder is used for the treatment of wounds.Previous studies have shown that green coffee bean extract has a number of health benefits,including induction of weight loss,reduced blood pressure,and hepatoprotective and anti-Parkinson effects.The aim of this study was to investigate the wound-healing activity of green coffee bean extract on a full-thickness wound model.Methods:Full-thickness wounds of 20×20 mm were created on the back of New Zealand white rabbits.The animals were divided into 6 groups.Three concentrations of green coffee bean extract(5%,10%,and 15%w/w)in a eucerin base were applied over the wounds in 3 test groups.One percent phenytoin cream was used in one group as a positive control.The rabbits of negative control and vehicle groups received no treatment and eucerin,respectively.For the evaluation of green coffee bean extract’s wound-healing effects,measures included:(1)wound-closure rate,by daily measuring of the wound surface area and calculating the reduction in area;(2)period of epithelialization,the number of days until the scab dropped from the wound;(3)hydroxyproline content,measured by a hydroxyproline assay kit;(4)lipid peroxidation,measured by a lipid peroxidation assay kit;and(5)histopathological state(hematoxylin-eosin stain)of wound-tissue samples on days 7 and 14 post-wounding.Results:The results of this study showed significantly enhanced wound-closure rate,shorter period of epithelialization(P<0.01),increased hydroxyproline content(P<0.001)and suppressed lipid peroxidation(P<0.001 on day 14)of wounds on animals treated with the 10%green coffee bean extract compared to the negative control and eucerin-treated groups.Moreover,the therapeutic effects of 10%green coffee bean were significantly superior than those of phenytoin on enhancing wound-closure rate,decreasing period of epithelialization(P<0.05),increasing hydroxyproline content(P<0.001 on day 7 and P<0.0001 on day 14)and suppressing lipid peroxidation(P<0.0001 on day 14).In addition,histopathological study supported the wound healing activity of green coffee bean extract.Conclusion:Our results showed that green coffee bean extract has a potential for promoting wound healing,thus supporting its traditional use for this purpose.

Enhanced Healing of Full-thickness Diabetic Wounds Using Bioactive Glass and Yunnan Baiyao Ointments

In order to accelerate the chronic wounds healing, we investigated the healing effects of bioactive glass and Yuunan baiyao ointments in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The ointments were prepared by mixing 45S5 bioactive glass powder （16% weight） with Vaseline and different weight percentages of Yurman baiyao. Full-thickness defect wounds were created on the back of 130 SD rats and were randomly divided into 8 groups. The wound healing rates were calculated at 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days after surgery. The samples were harvested for further observations. Considering the wound closure rate, group 6 （with 5% Yuunan baiyao） has better wound healing performance than other diabetic groups. The lower inflammatory response was observed by gross observation and confirmed by the results of H＆E staining and TEM observation. Besides, the proliferation of fibroblasts, the formation of granulation tissue, as well as the vascularization, were improved in group 6 compared to other diabetic groups. All results suggest that bioactive glass and Yunnan baiyao ointments can accelerate the recovery of diabetes-impaired skin wounds, and comparing to other diabetic groups, group 6 （with 5% Yunnan baiyao） has better healing effect.

Double-nylon purse-string suture in closing postoperative wounds following endoscopic resection of large(≥3 cm)gastric submucosal tumors

BACKGROUND Endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR)of gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs)is safe and effective;however,postoperative wound management is equally important.Literature on suturing following EFTR for large(≥3 cm)SMTs is scarce and limited.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and clinical value of double-nylon purse-string suture in closing postoperative wounds following EFTR of large(≥3 cm)SMTs.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 85 patients with gastric SMTs in the fundus of the stomach or in the lesser curvature of the gastric body whose wounds were treated with double-nylon purse-string sutures after successful tumor resection at the Endoscopy Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.The operative,postoperative,and follow-up conditions of the patients were evaluated.RESULTS All tumors were completely resected using EFTR.36(42.35%)patients had tumors located in the fundus of the stomach,and 49(57.65%)had tumors located in the body of the stomach.All patients underwent suturing with double-nylon sutures after EFTR without laparoscopic assistance or further surgical treatment.Postoperative fever and stomach pain were reported in 13(15.29%)and 14(16.47%)patients,respectively.No serious adverse events occurred during the intraoperative or postoperative periods.A postoperative review of all patients revealed no residual or recurrent lesions.CONCLUSION Double-nylon purse-string sutures can be used to successfully close wounds that cannot be completely closed with a single nylon suture,especially for large(≥3 cm)EFTR wounds in SMTs.

The Application of Bilayer Artificial Dermis Combined with VSD Technology in Chronic Wounds

Background: Bilayer artificial dermis promotes wound healing and offers a treatment option for chronic wounds. Aim: Examine the clinical efficacy of bilayer artificial dermis combined with Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) technology in the treatment of chronic wounds. Method: From June 2021 to December 2023, our hospital treated 24 patients with chronic skin tissue wounds on their limbs using a novel tissue engineering product, the bilayer artificial dermis, in combination with VSD technology to repair the wounds. The bilayer artificial dermis protects subcutaneous tissue, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and tendons, and also promotes the growth of granulation tissue and blood vessels to aid in wound healing when used in conjunction with VSD technology for wound dressing changes in chronic wounds. Results: In this study, 24 cases of chronic wounds with exposed bone or tendon larger than 1.0 cm2 were treated with a bilayer artificial skin combined with VSD dressing after wound debridement. The wounds were not suitable for immediate skin grafting. At 2 - 3 weeks post-treatment, good granulation tissue growth was observed. Subsequent procedures included thick skin grafting or wound dressing changes until complete wound healing. Patients were followed up on average for 3 months (range: 1 - 12 months) post-surgery. Comparative analysis of the appearance, function, skin color, elasticity, and sensation of the healed chronic wounds revealed superior outcomes compared to traditional skin fl repairs, resulting in significantly higher satisfaction levels among patients and their families. Conclusion: The application of bilayer artificial dermis combined with VSD technology for the repair of chronic wounds proves to be a viable method, yielding satisfactory therapeutic effects compared to traditional skin flap procedures.

Double-nylon purse-string suture technique: Another addition to the endoscopist's toolbox for full-thickness defect closure

Iatrogenic perforation is the most feared adverse event in endoscopy.With the expansion of interventional endoscopy in favor of traditional surgery,it is now more crucial than ever to develop effective defect closure techniques.This has culminated in the dissemination of multiple novel closure technologies,including through-the-scope clips,over-the-scope clips,through-the-scope suturing and over-the-scope suturing devices.In this editorial,we comment on the recent publication by Wang and colleagues discussing the performance of the double-nylon purse-string suture technique in the closure of large(>3 cm)gastric full-thickness defects.This technique offers a promising,practical and cost-effective approach to closure of large full-thickness defects that can be readily imple-mented across diverse healthcare settings.

Transplantation of a pectoralis major flap for the repair of myiasis wounds

Myiasis is a disease caused by the invasion and colonization of human tissues and organs by the larvae of flies.This is manifested by the formation of necrotic tissue in the lesion,the colonization of fly eggs and the spread of fly larvae.This disease is mostly found in areas with poor sanitary conditions.Poor wound care,necrotic tissue formation,reduced immunity,and frequent contact with flies are risk factors for this disease.Myiasis can be divided into obligate and facultative parasitism,^([1])while some scholars have classified myiasis according to its location.^([2])In addition,some cases of myiasis are secondary to wound infection or poor surgical maintenance.^([3,4]).

Platelet-rich plasma treatment for chronic wounds:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Wound healing is a complicated process that can be heavily influenced by patient comorbidities,in some cases leading to a chronic non-healing wound.Evidence presented in the medical literature supporting the clinical use of autologous platelet-rich plasma(PRP)in treatment of such wounds is becoming increasingly compelling.Mechanisms involved include complex interactions between the patient’s thrombocytes,cytokines,and growth factors.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a 72-year-old male patient with a long-standing chronic wound and multiple comorbidities.Over the course of more than 7 months,the patient was unsuccessfully treated with all routinely used measures,including different dressing approaches.Multiple antibiotic regimens were administered for wound infection,with repeated evaluation of microbiological swab results.Finally,after three PRP applications,the wound showed clinical improvement with complete restitution of the epithelial layer of the skin.CONCLUSION PRP treatment may be beneficial to reduce healing time in chronic wounds.

Eyelid Wounds: Epidemiological, Clinical and Etiological Aspects

Purpose: The aim is to show epidemiological, clinical and etiological characteristics of palpebral wounds. Methodology: This was a retrospective study focusing on patients with an eyelid wound, over a 10-year period from 2012 to 2021. We collected and analyzed the data using Excel. Results: The frequency of eyelid wounds was 0.1%. The average age of our patients was 19.38 years with a range of 1 and 62 years. The sex ratio was 3.7. Eighty-one percent of patients lived in Dakar. Fifty-seven percent (57%) of patients consulted less than 24 hours after the trauma and 7% of patients on D1. The circumstances were brawls (11%), domestic accidents (9%), road accidents (6%), and work accidents (6%). We noted 1 case of dog bite. Thirteen patients presented with post-traumatic decreased visual acuity. Involvement of the isolated upper eyelid was noted in 40% of cases and both eyelids in 15% of cases. Involvement of the lacrimal ducts was noted in 17% of cases, and that of the free edge in 21% of cases. Eyelid wounds were associated with eyeball damage in 21% of cases. Various associated lesions were observed. Ninety-one percent of patients received surgical treatment. Three cases of superinfections, 1 case of conjunctival granuloma and 1 case of phthysis of the eyeball with postoperative retinal detachment were noted. Conclusion: Eyelid sores are relatively common in our context. They require rapid surgical treatment in order to preserve the functional and aesthetic prognosis. .

3D-bioprinted tri-layered cellulose/collagen-based drug-eluting fillers for the treatment of deep tunneling wounds

Tunneling wounds create passageways underneath the skin surface with varying sizes and shapes and can have twists and turns,making their treatment extremely difficult.Available wound care solutions only cater to superficial wounds,and untreated tunneling wounds pose major health concerns.This study aims to fulfill this challenge by fabricating tunnel wound fillers(TWFs)made of natural polymers that mimic the dermal extracellular matrix.In this study,cellulose microfibers(CMFs)derived from banana stem and fish skin-derived collagen were used to formulate bio-inks with varying CMF contents(25,50,and 75 mg).Tri-layered(CMFs,primary and secondary collagen coatings),drug-eluting(Baneocin),and cell-laden(human mesenchymal stem cells)TWFs were three-dimensional(3D)-printed and extensively characterized.CMFs showed the most suitable rheological properties for 3D printing at 50 mg concentration.The Alamar Blue data showed significantly increased cell proliferation from Day 1 to Day 7,and scratch tests used to evaluate in vitro wound healing revealed that the best coverage of the wound area was achieved using CMFs in combination with collagen and alginate.Finally,the TWF showed promising capability and tunability in terms of wound shape and size upon testing on a chicken tissue model.The results demonstrate the tremendous potential of TWFs in treating deep tunneling wounds with unique advantages,such as patient-specific customization,good wound exudate absorption capability while releasing wound healing drugs,and the inclusion of stem cells for accelerated healing and tissue regeneration.

Effect of endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by distal serosal turnover with floss traction for gastric submucosal masses

BACKGROUND Complex and high-risk surgical complications pose pressing challenges in the clinical implementation and advancement of endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR).Successful perforation repair under endoscopy,thereby avoiding surgical intervention and postoperative complications such as peritonitis,are pivotal for effective EFTR.AIM To investigate the effectiveness and safety of EFTR assisted by distal serosal inversion under floss traction in gastric submucosal tumors.METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with gastric and duodenal submucosal tumors treated with EFTR assisted by the distal serosa inversion under dental floss traction from January 2023 to January 2024 was conducted.The total operation time,tumor dissection time,wound closure time,intraoperative bleeding volume,length of hospital stay and incidence of complications were analyzed.RESULTS There were 93 patients,aged 55.1±12.1 years.Complete tumor resection was achieved in all cases,resulting in a 100% success rate.The average total operation time was 67.4±27.0 min,with tumor dissection taking 43.6±20.4 min.Wound closure times varied,with gastric body closure time of 24.5±14.1 min and gastric fundus closure time of 16.6±8.7 min,showing a significant difference(P<0.05).Intraoperative blood loss was 2.3±4.0 mL,and average length of hospital stay was 5.7±1.9 d.There was no secondary perforation after suturing in all cases.The incidence of delayed bleeding was 2.2%,and the incidence of abdominal infection was 3.2%.No patient required other surgical intervention during and after the operation.CONCLUSION Distal serosal inversion under dental-floss-assisted EFTR significantly reduced wound closure time and intraoperative blood loss,making it a viable approach for gastric submucosal tumors.

Postoperative encapsulated hemoperitoneum in a patient with gastric stromal tumor treated by exposed endoscopic full-thickness resection: A case report

BACKGROUND Gastric stromal tumors,originating from mesenchymal tissues,are one of the most common tumors of the digestive tract.For stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria,compared with conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR)can remove deep lesions and digestive tract wall tumors completely.However,this technique has major limitations such as perforation,postoperative bleeding,and post-polypectomy syndrome.Herein,we report a case of postoperative serous surface bleeding which formed an encapsulated hemoperitoneum in a patient with gastric stromal tumor that was treated with exposed EFTR.Feasible treatment options to address this complication are described.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old male patient had a hemispherical protrusion found during gastric endoscopic ultrasonography,located at the upper gastric curvature adjacent to the stomach fundus,with a smooth surface mucosa and poor mobility.The lesion was 19.3 mm×16.1 mm in size and originated from the fourth ultrasound layer.Computed tomography(CT)revealed no significant evidence of lymph node enlargement or distant metastasis.Using conventional ESD technology for mucosal pre-resection,exposed EFTR was performed to resect the intact tumor in order to achieve a definitive histopathological diagnosis.Based on its morphology and immunohistochemical expression of CD117 and DOG-1,the lesion was proven to be consistent with a gastric stromal tumor.Six days after exposed EFTR,CT showed a large amount of encapsulated fluid and gas accumulation around the stomach.In addition,gastroscopy suggested intracavitary bleeding and abdominal puncture drainage indicated serosal bleeding.Based on these findings,the patient was diagnosed with serosal bleeding resulting in encapsulated abdominal hemorrhage after exposed EFTR for a gastric stromal tumor.The patient received combined treatments,such as hemostasis under gastroscopy,gastrointestinal decompression,and abdominal drainage.All examinations were normal within six months of follow-up.CONCLUSION This patient developed serous surface bleeding in the gastric cavity following exposed EFTR.Serosal bleeding resulting in an encapsulated hemoperitoneum is rare in clinical practice.The combined treatment may replace certain surgical techniques.

Study on the effect of Shixiang plaster on the expression of CD31,serum FN,and VEGF in a rat model with chronic wounds

Background:Chronic wounds pose a significant surgical challenge,often requiring traditional treatments with limited efficacy.This study explores the promising impact of Shixiang plaster,a classic Chinese ointment,on wound healing.We investigated the cluster of differentiation 31(CD31)expression,serum fibronectin(FN),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)levels in SPF rats with induced wounds to elucidate the mechanism behind Shixiang plaster’s effectiveness.We investigated the effect and explored the role of Shixiang plaster on the expression of CD31,serum FN,and VEGF in chronic wounds.Methods:The study involved 36 SPF rats divided into model,rb-bFGF,and Shixiang plaster groups.Penicillin was injected into the rats before modelling for 3 days to prevent infection.The skin was excised 2 cm below the horizontal line of the inferior border of the shoulder bone in the middle of the rat column up to the deep fascial layer and inoculated with a certain concentration of Staphylococcus aureus;the wound was covered aseptically for 3 days.The trauma area of the rats was observed at 3,7,and 14 days,respectively.Histopathology was observed using haematoxylin eosin and Masson staining.CD31 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry staining.FN and VEGF expression was detected using serum ELISA.Statistical analyses were carried out by the method of SPSS.Results:Regarding wound morphology,at 3 days,the recovery area of the Shixiang plaster group was larger than that of the other two groups,at 7 days,the wound healing rate of the Shixiang plaster group was significantly higher,and at 14 days,the wounds of the Shixiang plaster group had been mostly healed,with a healing rate of 98.3%.Haematoxylin eosin staining revealed a large amount of granulation tissue at 3 days in the Shixiang plaster group,and the epidermal scales disappeared at 14 days,with thinner epidermal thickness at 1 lesion and a large reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration.Masson staining showed that at 3,7,and 14 days,blue staining was the most abundant and deeper in the Shixiang plaster group,with richer collagen and a compact tissue matrix.Immunohistochemical testing showed strong positive expression of CD31 in the Shixiang plaster group,with abundant neovascularisation and large official lumens extending towards the surface of the wound.Statistically significant elevated expression of FN at 7 and 14 days was determined by ELISA in the Shixiang plaster group,and VEGF expression was significantly increased at 7 days,but expression had been expressed at a low level at 14 days.Conclusion:Shixiang plaster exhibits remarkable efficacy in healing chronic wounds.The proposed mechanism involves FN’s promotion of angiogenesis and cell proliferation,VEGF’s impact on angiogenesis and inflammation,and CD31’s regulatory role in inhibiting inflammation while promoting angiogenesis.

Nanoskin®-ACT—The Impact of Natural Membrane & Soft with Chronic and Untreated Wounds

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile biomaterial with unique properties that make it promising for various biomedical applications, including wound healing. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in wound healing, providing a structural scaffold and signaling cues for cell migration and proliferation. This study investigates the potential of BC as a scaffold for ECM production and its effect on in vivo wound healing. In this work, the bacterial cellulose fermentation process is modified by the addition of Green Propolis and Usnic acid to the culture medium and natural materials before the bacteria are inoculated. In vivo behaviour using natural membranes for regenerative medicine is presented and it is in edit. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of BC as a scaffold for ECM production and its beneficial effects on in vivo wound healing. BC-based dressings may offer a novel approach to promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration in clinical settings. Further studies are warranted to optimize BC-based therapies and explore their full potential in regenerative medicine.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving chronic difficult-to-heal wounds:A case report

BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL)is a malignant tumor that originates from the lymphoid tissues and can potentially affect numerous organs within the body.Among these,the skin stands out as one of the primary sites affected by NHL,often presenting with multiple extra-nodal manifestations.In this report,we present an unusual case of NHL involving chronic wounds in the lower extremities that were difficult to heal.The scars were successfully treated using radiotherapy in combination with extended excision debridement and peroneal artery perforator flap grafting,resulting in satisfactory outcomes.CASE SUMMARY A 19-year-old male patient presented with ulceration of the skin on the left calf near the ankle accompanied by purulent discharge.Subsequent pathologic biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of NHL(extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,nasal type).Initial treatment comprised local radiotherapy and wound care;however,the wound exhibited prolonged non-healing.Consequently,the patient underwent a series of interventions including radiotherapy,wound enlargement excision debridement,and peroneal artery perforator flap grafting.Ultimately,successful healing was achieved with favorable postoperative outcomes characterized by good texture of the flap without any signs of rupture or infection.CONCLUSION The combination of radiotherapy,wound enlargement excision debridement,and peroneal artery perforator flap grafting may present a favorable treatment modality for chronic non-healing lower leg wounds resulting from NHL.

The healing effects of herbal preparations from Sambucus ebulus and Urtica dioica in full-thickness wound models

Objective:To investigate the healing effects of two herbal preparations.Methods:For this purpose,106 wistar rats were divided into 9 groups including a control,eucerine,phenytoin,Urtica dioica(U.dioica)(2%),U.dioica(5%),Sambucus ebulus(S.ebulus)(2%),S.ebulus(5%),combination(2%),and combination(5%)groups.The control group remained untreated,the eucerin and phenytoin groups were considered as the negative and positive controls respectively,and the remaining groups received different concentrations of the ointments.Full thickness wounds were made.The healing process of the wounds was investigated on day 7,14 and 21 of the experiment.Several factors including the number of fibroblasts,new vessel formation(angiogenesis),thickness of the granulomatous tissues(GT),and the overlying epithelium were analyzed.Results:Among the studied groups,all of the treatment groups were significantly different from the control,eucerin,and phenytoin groups in a positive manner with regard to all studied factors(P 0.05).However,the best results were observed with the S.ebulus(2%) and the combination 2% groups(P 0.05).Conclusions:Topical ointments prepared from the extracts of U.dioica and S.ebulus and their combination possess strong wound healing properties.It is postulated that a synergistic effect may exist between the two extracts since the combination 2% showed better results than the sole extracts.

Tissue Regeneration in Infected Wounds of Albino Rats Using Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Gelatin Microspheres Incorporated Collagen Scaffold: A Histological Approach with H&E Staining

A wound care system consisting of ciprofloxacin-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated in a macroporous collagen scaffold was created to effectively control wound infection and regenerate soft tissue at the wound site.Histological and biochemical alterations were observed in infected wounds treated with these scaffolds in Albino Wistar rats.Furthermore,the study examined the immediate and prolonged release of ciprofloxacin from the scaffolds,as well as their function in eliminating bacterial infections and expediting the process of skin healing and regeneration.The developed technique was followed in the streamlined process of creating these collagen scaffolds.Compared to untreated wounds,the group receiving scaffold treatment experienced a faster rate of wound closure.It was noted that the rate of infections was considerably reduced and that full soft tissue regeneration occurred within 12 days.The development of well-deposited collagen bundles in the treated groups was demonstrated by H&E staining,which verified the flawless regeneration of the dermis and epidermis.The antimicrobial agent-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated into the porous collagen scaffold demonstrated remarkable soft tissue regeneration and efficient infection control at the wound site.

Research Progress of Continuous Nursing for Patients with Chronic Wounds After Discharge

The research status of continuous nursing of patients with chronic wounds is reviewed.Since the research on continuous nursing of chronic wound patients in China is still in the initial stage,if necessary,learn from foreign experience,improve relevant systems,develop corresponding evaluation tools,actively implement telemedicine,and carry out hospital-community linkage models,etc.to provide high-quality nursing services for patients with chronic wounds.

Telencephalic stab wound injury induces regenerative angiogenesis and neurogenesis in zebrafish:unveiling the role of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and microglia

After brain damage,regenerative angiogenesis and neurogenesis have been shown to occur simultaneously in mammals,suggesting a close link between these processes.However,the mechanisms by which these processes interact are not well understood.In this work,we aimed to study the correlation between angiogenesis and neurogenesis after a telencephalic stab wound injury.To this end,we used zebrafish as a relevant model of neuroplasticity and brain repair mechanisms.First,using the Tg(fli1:EGFP×mpeg1.1:mCherry)zebrafish line,which enables visualization of blood vessels and microglia respectively,we analyzed regenerative angiogenesis from 1 to 21 days post-lesion.In parallel,we monitored brain cell proliferation in neurogenic niches localized in the ventricular zone by using immunohistochemistry.We found that after brain damage,the blood vessel area and width as well as expression of the fli1 transgene and vascular endothelial growth factor(vegfaa and vegfbb)were increased.At the same time,neural stem cell proliferation was also increased,peaking between 3 and 5 days post-lesion in a manner similar to angiogenesis,along with the recruitment of microglia.Then,through pharmacological manipulation by injecting an anti-angiogenic drug(Tivozanib)or Vegf at the lesion site,we demonstrated that blocking or activating Vegf signaling modulated both angiogenic and neurogenic processes,as well as microglial recruitment.Finally,we showed that inhibition of microglia by clodronate-containing liposome injection or dexamethasone treatment impairs regenerative neurogenesis,as previously described,as well as injury-induced angiogenesis.In conclusion,we have described regenerative angiogenesis in zebrafish for the first time and have highlighted the role of inflammation in this process.In addition,we have shown that both angiogenesis and neurogenesis are involved in brain repair and that microglia and inflammation-dependent mechanisms activated by Vegf signaling are important contributors to these processes.This study paves the way for a better understanding of the effect of Vegf on microglia and for studies aimed at promoting angiogenesis to improve brain plasticity after brain injury.

Effects of allogeneic mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-microporous sheep acellular dermal matrix on healing of wound with full-thickness skin defect in mouse and the related mechanism

Objective:To explore the effects of allogeneic mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell(ADSC)-microporous sheep acellular dermal matrix(ADM)on wound healing of full-thickness skin defect in mice and the related mechanism.Methods:One Kunming mouse was sacrificed by cervical dislocation to collect adipose tissue from the inguinal region.Mouse ADSCs were isolated from the adipose tissue and cultured in vitro.Cells in the third passage were identified by cell adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation.The expressions of CD34,CD73,CD90,and CD105 were analyzed by flow cytometer.After one sheep was sacrificed with the skin of its back cut off,microporous sheep ADM was prepared by using acellular processing and freeze-thaw method.A round and full-thickness skin defect wound,with a diameter of 12 mm,was made on the back of each of 36 Kunming mice.The wounds were covered by microporous sheep ADM.The mice were divided into ADSC group and control group with 18 mice in each group according to the random number table method after surgery.A volume of 0.2 ml of DMEM/F12 culture medium containing 1×10^(6)ADSCs was injected between microporous sheep ADM and the wound of each mouse in ADSC group,while 0.2 ml of DMEM/F12 culture medium was injected between microporous sheep ADM and the wound of each mouse in control group.At post-surgery day(PSD)12 and 17,the wound healing rate in each group was calculated respectively;wound vascularization in 2 groups of mice was observed under the reverse irradiation of back light;and the granulation tissue in the wound in ADSC group was observed by means of hematoxylin-eosin staining.At PSD 7,the thickness of the granulation tissue in the wound was measured in each group of mice.At PSD 12 and 17,the immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of VEGF in each group of mice.The number of samples was 6 in each group at each time point in the above experiments.The data obtained were processed with t-test and factorial design ANOVA.Results:(1)After 7 days of adipogenic induction,red lipid droplets were observed in the cytoplasm with oil red O staining.After 21 days of osteogenic induction,black calcium deposition was observed in the medium stained with silver nitrate.The expression levels of CD73,CD90,CD 105 and CD34 in cells were 97.82%,99.32%,97.35%and 5.88%respectively.The cells were identified as ADSCs.(2)The wound healing rates of ADSC group at PSD 12 and 17[(78±6)%,(98±3)%]were significantly higher than those of control group at PSD 12 and 17[(60±9)%,(90±4)%,t=4.26,4.46,p<.01].(3)At PSD 7,no vessels obviously grew into the center of the wound in both groups of mice,while the granulation tissue already covered the wound in ADSC group.At PSD 12,the wound in ADSC group was more well-perfused than control group.At PSD 17,it was observed that large vessels were crossing through the whole wound in ADSC group,while large vessels were observed without crossing through the whole wound in control group.(4)In ADSC group,at PSD 7,the wound was covered with thin granulation tissue,and the granulation tissue was obviously thickened at PSD 12.At PSD 17,the granulation tissue was covered by epidermis.At PSD 7,the thickness of the granulation tissue in the wound in ADSC group[(0.62±0.05)mm]was significantly greater than that in control group[(0.31±0.04)mm,t=12.27,p<.01].(5)At PSD 12 and 17,the expression levels of VEGF in the wound in ADSC group[(80.7±2.2),(102.8±2.6)/mm^(2)]were significantly than those in control group[(59.5±2.4),(81.5±2.6)/mm^(2),t=15.95,14.14,p<.01].Conclusions:Allogeneic mouse ADSC-microporous sheep ADM can promote angiogenesis and the growth of granulation tissue in the wound with full-thickness skin defect in mice,thus accelerating wound healing.The mechanism is probably related with the increase in the expression of VEGF.

Endoscopic full-thickness resection: current status

Conventional endoscopic resection techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection are powerful tools for treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms. However,those techniques are restricted to superficial layers of the gastrointestinal wall. Endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR) is an evolving technique,which is just about to enter clinical routine. It is not only a powerful tool for diagnostic tissue acquisition but also has the potential to spare surgical therapy in selected patients. This review will give an overview about current EFTR techniques and devices.