Fully Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Model Based on Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain Method

This paper, with a finite element method, studies the interaction of a coupled incompressible fluid-rigid structure system with a free surface subjected to external wave excitations. With this fully coupled model, the rigid structure is taken as ＂fictitious＂ fluid with zero strain rate. Both fluid and structure are described by velocity and pressure. The whole domain, including fluid region and structure region, is modeled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations which are discretized with fixed Eulerian mesh. However, to keep the structure＇ s rigid body shape and behavior, a rigid body constraint is enforced on the ＂fictitious＂ fluid domain by use of the Distributed Lagrange Multipher/Fictitious Domain （DLM/ FD） method which is originally introduced to solve particulate flow problems by Glowinski et al. For the verification of the model presented herein, a 2D numerical wave tank is established to simulate small amplitude wave propagations, and then numerical results are compared with analytical solutions. Finally, a 2D example of fluid-structure interaction under wave dynamic forces provides convincing evidences for the method excellent solution quality and fidelity.

Thermal-hydro-mechanical coupled analysis of unsaturated frostsusceptible soils

Damage caused by frost heave leads to costly maintenance in cold regions, like Hokkaido, Japan. Therefore, thestudy of the frost mechanism with experimental and numerical methods has been of great interest. Numerousmodels have been developed to describe the freezing process of saturated soil, which differs from the partiallysaturated conditions in the field. In fact, most subsurface soils are unsaturated. The freezing process of partiallysaturated soils is more complex than saturated soils, as the governing equations show strongly nonlinear characteristics. This study proposes a thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled model considering the heat transfer, waterinfiltration, and deformation of partially saturated soil to reproduce the freezing process of partially saturatedfrost susceptible soils distributed in Hokkaido. This model better considers the water-ice phase change and soilfreezing characteristic curve (SFCC) during freezing under field conditions. The results from the multiphysicssimulations agree well with the frost heave and water migration data from frost heave tests of Touryo soil andFujinomori soil. In addition, this study discussed the influence of the various factors on frost heave amount,including temperature gradients, overburden pressures, water supply conditions, cooling rates, and initial saturation. The simulation results indicate that the frost heave ratio is proportional to the initial degree of saturationand is inversely proportional to the cooling rate and overburden pressure.Moreover, simulation under the open system generates much more frost heave than under the closed system.Finally, the main features of the proposed model are revealed by simulating a closed-system frost heave test. Thesimulation results indicate that the proposed model adequately captures the coupling characteristics of water andice redistribution, temperature development, hydraulic conductivity, and suction in the freezing process. Togetherwith the decreased hydraulic conductivity, the increased suction controls the water flow in the freezing zone. Theinflow water driven by cryogenic suction gradient feeds the ice formation, leads to a rapid increase in total watercontent, expanding the voids that exceed the initial porosity and contributing to the frost heave.

Hydrodynamic Response of A Fully Coupled TLP Hull-TTR System with Detailed Modeling of A Hydraulic Pneumatic Tensioner and Riser Joints

Tension Leg Platform(TLP)in deepwater oil and gas field development usually consists of a hull,tendons,and top tension risers(TTRs).To maintain its top tension,each TTR is connected with a tensioner system to the hull.Owing to the complicated configuration of the tensioners,the hull and TTRs form a strong coupled system.Traditionally,some simplified tensioner models are applied to analyze the TLP structures.There is a large discrepancy between their analysis results and the actual mechanism behaviors of a tensioner.It is very necessary to develop a more detailed tensioner model to consider the coupling effects between TLP and TTRs.In the present study,a fully coupled TLP hull-TTR system for hydrodynamic numerical simulation is established.A specific hydraulic pneumatic tensioner is modeled by considering 4 cylinders.The production TTR model is stacked up by specific riser joints.The simulation is also extended to analyze an array of TTRs.Different regular and irregular waves are considered.The behaviors of different cylinders are presented.The results show that it is important to consider the specific configurations of the tensioner and TTRs,which may lead to obviously different response behaviors,compared with those from a simplified model.

Studying the performance of fully encapsulated rock bolts with modified structural elements

Numerical simulation is a useful tool in investigating the loading performance of rock bolts.The cable structural elements(cableSELs)in FLAC3D are commonly adopted to simulate rock bolts to solve geotechnical issues.In this study,the bonding performance of the interface between the rock bolt and the grout material was simulated with a two-stage shearing coupling model.Furthermore,the FISH language was used to incorporate this two-stage shear coupling model into FLAC3D to modify the current cableSELs.Comparison was performed between numerical and experimental results to confirm that the numerical approach can properly simulate the loading performance of rock bolts.Based on the modified cableSELs,the influence of the bolt diameter on the performance of rock bolts and the shear stress propagation along the interface between the bolt and the grout were studied.The simulation results indicated that the load transfer capacity of rock bolts rose with the rock bolt diameter apparently.With the bolt diameter increasing,the performance of the rock bolting system was likely to change from the ductile behaviour to the brittle behaviour.Moreover,after the rock bolt was loaded,the position where the maximum shear stress occurred was variable.Specifically,with the continuous loading,it shifted from the rock bolt loaded end to the other end.

Research on Robotized Advance Support and Supporting Time for Deep Fully Mechanized Excavation Roadway

To keep coal workers away from the hazardous area with frequent accidents such as the roof fall and rib spalling in an underground coalmine,we put forward the solution with robotized self-moving anchor-supporting unit.The existing research shows that the surrounding rock of the roadway has self-stability,and the early or late support is not conducive to the safe and reliable support of the roadway,so there is a problem of support opportunity.In order to study the supporting effect and the optimal supporting time of the above solution,we established the mechanical coupling model of surrounding rock and advance support,and investigated the surrounding rock deformation and advance support pressure distribution under different reserved roof subsidence by using the numerical simulation software FLAC3D.The results show that the deformation of surrounding rock increases and finally tends to a stable level with the increase of pre settlement of roadway roof,and when the pre settlement of roof is between 8-15 mm,the vertical pressure of the top beam of advance support reaches the minimum value,about 0.58 MPa.Based on the above research,we put forward the optimum supporting time in roadway excavation,and summarized the evaluation method based on the mechanical coupling model of surrounding rock-advance support.

页岩气老井重复压裂时机优化方法

基于多孔介质弹性理论、嵌入式离散裂缝模型及有限体积法,考虑页岩气微观渗流机制,建立适用于裂缝性页岩气储集层的渗流-地质力学全耦合模型,并提出了重复压裂时机优化方法,采用四川盆地涪陵页岩气井资料分析了重复压裂时机的影响因素。研究表明:受地层压力衰竭影响,最大水平主应力反转面积占总面积的百分比随时间的延长先增加后减小,且距人工裂缝越近的区域,应力反转面积百分比曲线出现峰值的时间越短,最终归零(恢复到初始状态)的时间也越短。重复压裂的最佳时间受基质渗透率、初始应力差、天然裂缝逼近角的影响:基质渗透率、初始应力差越大,应力反转面积百分比曲线出现峰值、恢复到初始状态的时间越短,采取重复压裂措施的时机越早。天然裂缝逼近角越大,裂缝附近越难发生应力反转、重复压裂最佳时间越早,人工裂缝末端以远区域越易发生应力反转、重复压裂最佳时间越晚。对于基质渗透率很小的储集层,其单井产能递减快,为保证经济性,可采取关井或注气补能等措施恢复应力,提前实施重复压裂。

基于Hoek-Brown准则的岩体高温-荷载耦合损伤模型及其验证

针对隧道岩体在高温和荷载共同作用下产生的耦合损伤问题,基于连续损伤力学理论,引入高温-荷载耦合损伤因子,建立了考虑高温作用的广义Hoek-Brown(H-B)准则的弹塑性损伤本构模型,解决了模型在数值积分过程中的奇异点问题,并利用Fortran语言编写了模型的有限元程序。结果表明:模型计算的应力-应变曲线与试验所得到的曲线趋势一致且计算结果误差在5%以内,温度作用下隧洞围岩损伤逐渐加剧,验证了模型的准确性和程序的稳健性,可为火灾作用下隧道围岩安全稳定性评价提供一种有效计算方法。

半潜式浮式风机一体化耦合分析方法对比

由于风机厂家通常仅提供风机的结构载荷,不提供上部风机参数,导致在进行海上风机浮式基础设计时,难以开展浮式风机的全耦合分析。从风机载荷的组分出发,建立了全耦合、限制耦合、准耦合、半耦合4种分析模型,以“海油观澜号”为例,对比了不同耦合模型在计算极限海况下浮式风机运动和系泊张力方面的差异。结果表明:限制耦合模型忽略了风机质量,其计算结果与全耦合分析结果最大相对误差超过70%,无法满足工程实施需求;准耦合模型求解的响应与全耦合模型的最大相对误差约6%,半耦合模型的最大相对误差则低于2%,均可满足工程实施要求;准耦合模型只需风机厂家提供主要的风机结构参数和固定式风机的塔底载荷信息,可用于浮式风机的概念设计和基本设计的前期阶段;半耦合模型可用于和风机厂家开展联合设计;相较于全耦合模型,准耦合模型的计算效率提高近3倍,可实现浮式基础的快速迭代优化。研究成果在“海油观澜号”浮式风电项目中得到了应用,并可为其他半潜式浮式风机的工程设计提供参考。

A review of fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations

The terrestrial hydrological process is an essential but weak link in global/regional climate models. In this paper, the development status, research hotspots and trends in coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations are identified through a bibliometric analysis, and the challenges and opportunities in this field are reviewed and summarized. Most climate models adopt the one-dimensional (vertical) land surface parameterization, which does not include a detailed description of basin-scale hydrological processes, particularly the effects of human activities on the underlying surfaces. To understand the interaction mechanism between hydrological processes and climate change, a large number of studies focused on the climate feedback effects of hydrological processes at different spatio-temporal scales, mainly through the coupling of hydrological and climate models. The improvement of the parameterization of hydrological process and the development of large-scale hydrological model in land surface process model lay a foundation for terrestrial hydrological-climate coupling simulation, based on which, the study of terrestrial hydrological-climate coupling is evolving from the traditional unidirectional coupling research to the two-way coupling study of "climate-hydrology" feedback. However, studies of fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations (also called atmosphere-hydrology two-way coupling) are far from mature. The main challenges associated with these studies are: improving the potential mismatch in hydrological models and climate models; improving the stability of coupled systems; developing an effective scale conversion scheme; perfecting the parameterization scheme; evaluating parameter uncertainties; developing effective methodology for model parameter transplanting; and improving the applicability of models and high/super-resolution simulation. Solving these problems and improving simulation accuracy are directions for future hydro-climate coupling simulation research.

基于全耦合模型的海上吊装作业动力响应特征研究

针对现有海上吊装模拟方法不能有效考虑浮吊船舶—系泊系统—吊物系统之间的动态耦合,难以实现基座回转、吊臂变幅连续模拟问题,基于Matlab/Simulink、ADAMS联合仿真平台建立了海上吊装作业全耦合动力分析模型,探究了中长周期波作用下波浪周期、吊缆收放、基座回转、吊臂变幅等参数变化对吊装作业系统动力响应的影响规律。结果表明,波浪周期接近吊物系统固有周期时会引发共振,导致吊物摇摆幅值显著增加。基座回转、吊臂变幅等因改变了吊物的空间位置从而引发了浮吊船舶倾覆力矩的变化,进而对浮吊船舶运动响应产生显著影响。当基座回转90°后,浮吊船舶的横倾角增加约2.74°。

Multi-Fidelity Simulation of Gas Turbine Overall Performance by Directly Coupling High-Fidelity Models of Multiple Rotating Components

Multi-fidelity simulations incorporate computational fluid dynamics(CFD) models into a thermodynamic model,enabling the simulation of the overall performance of an entire gas turbine with high-fidelity components.Traditional iterative coupled methods rely on characteristic maps,while fully coupled methods directly incorporate high-fidelity simulations.However,fully coupled methods face challenges in simulating rotating components,including weak convergence and complex implementation.To address these challenges,a fully coupled method with logarithmic transformations was developed to directly integrate high-fidelity CFD models of multiple rotating components.The developed fully coupled method was then applied to evaluate the overall performance of a KJ66 micro gas turbine across various off-design simulations.The developed fully coupled method was also compared with the traditional iterative coupled method.Furthermore,experimental data from ground tests were conducted to verify its effectiveness.The convergence history indicated that the proposed fully coupled method exhibited stable convergence,even under far-off-design simulations.The experimental verification demonstrated that the multi-fidelity simulation with the fully coupled method achieved high accuracy in off-design conditions.Further analysis revealed inherent differences in the coupling methods of CFD models between the developed fully coupled and traditional iterative coupled methods.These inherent differences provide valuable insights for reducing errors between the component-level model and CFD models in different coupling methods.The developed fully coupled method,introducing logarithmic transformations,offers more realistic support for the detailed and optimal design of high-fidelity rotating components within the overall performance platform of gas turbines.

Optimization method of refracturing timing for old shale gas wells

Based on the elastic theory of porous media,embedded discrete fracture model and finite volume method,and considering the micro-seepage mechanism of shale gas,a fully coupled seepage-geomechanical model suitable for fractured shale gas reservoirs is established,the optimization method of refracturing timing is proposed,and the influencing factors of refracturing timing are analyzed based on the data from shale gas well in Fuling of Sichuan Basin.The results show that due to the depletion of formation pressure,the percentage of the maximum horizontal principal stress reversal area in the total area increases and then decreases with time.The closer the area is to the hydraulic fracture,the shorter the time for the peak of the stress reversal area percentage curve to appear,and the shorter the time for the final zero return(to the initial state).The optimum time of refracturing is affected by matrix permeability,initial stress difference and natural fracture approach angle.The larger the matrix permeability and initial stress difference is,the shorter the time for stress reversal area percentage curve to reach peak and return to the initial state,and the earlier the time to take refracturing measures.The larger the natural fracture approach angle is,the more difficult it is for stress reversal to occur near the fracture,and the earlier the optimum refracturing time is.The more likely the stress reversal occurs at the far end of the artificial fracture,the later the optimal time of refracturing is.Reservoirs with low matrix permeability have a rapid decrease in single well productivity.To ensure economic efficiency,measures such as shut-in or gas injection can be taken to restore the stress,and refracturing can be implemented in advance.

水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下混凝土重力坝的破坏模式

考虑混凝土的高应变率效应,构建重力坝水下爆炸全耦合模型,运用显式动力分析程序LS-DY-NA,对水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下大坝动态响应进行分析,探讨大坝可能破坏模式及相应的破坏机制。研究表明,大坝破坏模式不仅与坝体的自身动力特性有关,还取决于炸弹起爆时的水下深度、爆心距及炸弹药量;重力坝坝头是抗爆性能薄弱部位,大坝可能破坏模式为上游迎爆面的爆炸成坑破坏、坝顶及坝下游面的震塌破坏、坝头与上游直面交接处及下游折坡附近的脆性冲切破坏并出现贯穿性裂缝破坏。

水库异重流一维水沙耦合模型

建立了基于库区不规则断面的一维非恒定异重流数学模型,并采用明流与异重流水沙输移模型交替运算的两步模式,即用潜入条件动态判别异重流计算的上游边界位置,将潜入点上游的明流浑水段与下游异重流段计算连接起来。水流运动、泥沙输移与河床变形过程完全耦合,采用TVD(Total Variation Diminishing)形式的MUSCLHancock格式进行数值求解。将该模型应用于恒定流量与释放定量悬沙两种条件下的异重流水槽实验模拟,比较了有无水面梯度项对模拟精度的影响,计算结果表明该模型能较为准确地预测异重流的厚度、含沙量分布及传播过程。

页岩水力压裂中多簇裂缝扩展的全耦合模拟

水平井和水力压裂是页岩气开发中的关键技术。对水力压裂中多簇裂缝同时扩展的物理过程进行了数值模拟。采用扩展有限元法(XFEM)模拟岩石中裂缝沿着任意路径扩展,采用有限体积法(FVM)模拟裂缝中流体的流动,并且考虑井筒中流体流动以及在各簇裂缝间的流量动态分配。通过牛顿迭代对全耦合物理过程进行数值求解,重点研究了初始长度不同的两条裂缝的扩展过程,证明较大的射孔摩阻能促进两条裂缝的同时扩展。并通过算例证明了本方法的精度和有效性。

搅拌摩擦焊接过程中材料流动形式

采用完全热力耦合模型对搅拌摩擦焊接过程进行模拟,并详细分析了搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的材料流动形式。结果表明,模型可以成功预测搅拌摩擦焊接过程材料流动和温度分布情况。通过对搅拌头周围材料流动的研究,分析了搅拌摩擦焊接过程中飞边现象形成的主要原因。研究了搅拌摩擦焊接构件不同厚度上材料的三维流动形式,通过与二维情况的比较证实,二维情况下的材料流动数值模拟结果对应于搅拌摩擦焊接构件靠近下表面部分的材料流动情况。从等效塑性应变的分布也能证实搅拌头轴肩对靠近上表面的材料行为具有明显影响,而对下表面附近材料行为影响较弱,从而说明二维情况对应三维情况靠近下表面的部分。

隔壁塔四塔模型的设计计算

在对分离三组分混合物的隔壁塔结构进行分析的基础上,为隔壁塔的设计建立简捷计算的四塔模型,以最佳中间组分分配比为基础,以汽相分配比和液相分配比为设计变量,对汽相、液相流量进行平衡,将其作为设计计算的模型约束条件,计算此时全塔的最小汽相流率;基于Underwood-Fenske-Gilliland-Kirkbride计算方法,确定塔的最小回流比、理论塔板数、实际塔板数以及进料和采出位置。以分离正己烷、正庚烷和正辛烷的混合物为例,对隔壁塔进行简捷计算,得到汽、液相分配比的初值;再进行严格计算,对汽、液相分配比进行优化分析,得到最优的设计参数。

搅拌摩擦焊接数值模拟的网格敏感性分析

利用完全热力耦合模型,通过对具有不同网格尺寸的焊接构件有限元模型的计算,分析了网格敏感性对模拟结果的影响,同时简要分析了焊接过程中温度分布和残余应力大小及分布形式。数值结果表明,网格密度影响计算误差,同时决定着计算效率和计算成本。随着网格密度的增加,计算结果的精度得到提高,当网格加密到一定程度,计算结果的精度并没有随着网格密度的增加成比例的增加。焊接过程中温度近似呈稳态分布,焊接构件的纵向残余应力分布呈现典型双峰特征,这些现象都与已有试验所得结论吻合。

3种典型海上浮动式风力机动力学特性比较分析

综合考虑海上浮动式风力机所受气动、水动载荷及控制系统的影响,建立3种典型浮动式风力机的气动-水动-控制-结构完全耦合动力学模型。以NREL 5 MW机组为基础,运用FAST程序与Aero Dyn、Hydro Dyn子程序,计算分析3种浮动式风力机在不同工况下的响应,并与相同型号的陆基定桩式风力机组在相应工况下的响应进行分析比较。研究结果表明:气动载荷和水动载荷的耦合作用对浮动式风力机动力学响应影响显著,且不同浮动风力机的响应也有明显差距;浮动风力机所受最大载荷相对陆上风力机有所增加,其中Barge和Spar-Buoy两种浮动风力机最大塔根弯矩增幅达到1.4倍以上;Barge平台和TLP平台作为海上风力机组的浮动平台具有较好的稳定性。

基于水-土完全耦合的地面沉降计算方法研究

水-土耦合模型是地面沉降计算模型的一种。现有的水-土耦合模型存在精度低或计算工作量大等缺点,在国内外地面沉降数值模拟与预测中的应用受到限制。本文对水-土完全耦合理论的控制方程离散化,基于Biot理论的有限单元法(FEM)对平衡方程离散化,采用有限差分法(FDM)对连续方程离散化。在此基础上,采用在FORTRAN平台上开发的二维、三维有限元-有限差杂交计算程序得到解析解,并与计算值对比验证,结果表明两者基本吻合,证明本文基于水-土完全耦合地面沉降计算方法的合理性。