Temperature field simulations during selective laser melting process based on fully threaded tree

Selective laser melting(SLM) is a promising technique for additive manufacturing. During SLM of metallic powder, the temperature field and thermal history are important to understand physical phenomena involved. The purpose of this study is to simulate the temperature field during the SLM process of a hollow cylinder shape part based on a fully threaded tree(FTT) technique, and to analyze the temperature variation with time in different regions of the part. A revised model for temperature field simulation in the SLM process was employed, which includes the transition of powder-to-dense sub-model and a moving volumetric Gaussian distribution heat source sub-model. The FTT technique is then adopted as an adaptive mesh strategy in the simulation. The simulation result shows that during the SLM process of cylinder part, the temperature of inner powder bed is obviously higher than external one. The temperature at the internal of the molten pool is also higher than external, which may lead to differences in microstructures and other properties between the two regions.

Numerical simulation of dust distribution at a fully mechanized face under the isolation effect of an air curtain

At a fully mechanized working face of a coal mine as prototype,we investigated,by simulation,the flow field and dust distribution during the process of its isolation by a curtain of air,using the CFD software, Fluent.The results show that the air curtain installed on the shearer can effectively prevent the dust （especially the respirable dust）from diffusing into the work area of the operator,reducing the dust concentration on the side of the operator and greatly improving his working environment.The field application of the air curtain shows that the dust-isolation effect of an air curtain is quite noticeable.The isolation efficiency for respiratory dust is over 70%and,as well,it has good dust-isolation effect for nonrespiratory dust.The air curtain is a useful way to resolve the problem of dust-isolation at a fully mechanized working face.It has a practical background elsewhere with more extensive applications.

Fully Nonlinear Simulation for Fluid/Structure Impact：A Review

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method （BEM）. Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes （1） vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion, （2） liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body, （3） similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional （2D）, axisymmetric and three dimensional （3D） cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.

DYNAMIC MODEL AND SIMULATION OF A NOVEL ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC FULLY VARIABLE VALVE SYSTEM FOR FOUR-STROKE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES

In modem four-stroke engine technology, variable valve timing and lift control offers potential benefits for making a high-performance engine. A novel electro-hydraulic fully variable valve train for four-stroke automotive engines is introduced. The construction of the nonlinear mathematic model of the valve train system and its dynamic analysis are also presented. Experimental and simulation results show that the novel electro-hydraulic valve train can achieve fully variable valve timing and lift control. Consequently the engine performance on different loads and speeds will be significantly increased. The technology also permits the elimination of the traditional throttle valve in the gasoline engines and increases engine design flexibility.

Fully coupled fluid-solid productivity numerical simulation of multistage fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs

A mathematical model, fully coupling multiple porous media deformation and fluid flow, was established based on the elastic theory of porous media and fluid-solid coupling mechanism in tight oil reservoirs. The finite element method was used to determine the numerical solution and the accuracy of the model was verified. On this basis, the model was used to simulate productivity of multistage fractured horizontal wells in tight oil reservoirs. The results show that during the production of tight oil wells, the reservoir region close to artificial fractures deteriorated in physical properties significantly, e.g. the aperture and conductivity of artificial fractures dropped by 52.12% and 89.02% respectively. The simulations of 3000-day production of a horizontal well in tight oil reservoir showed that the predicted productivity by the uncoupled model had an error of 38.30% from that by the fully-coupled model. Apparently, ignoring the influence of fluid-solid interaction effect led to serious deviations of the productivity prediction results. The productivity of horizontal well in tight oil reservoir was most sensitive to the start-up pressure gradient, and second most sensitive to the opening of artificial fractures. Enhancing the initial conductivity of artificial fractures was helpful to improve the productivity of tight oil wells. The influence of conductivity, spacing, number and length of artificial fractures should be considered comprehensively in fracturing design. Increasing the number of artificial fractures unilaterally could not achieve the expected increase in production.

Numerical simulation of coal wall cutting and lump coal formation in a fully mechanized mining face

It is difficult to accurately calculate the lump coal rate in a fully mechanized mining face.Therefore,a numerical simulation of the coal wall cutting process,which revealed the crack expansion,development,evolution in the coal body and the corresponding lump coal formation mechanism,was performed in PFC2D.Moreover,a correlation was established between the cutting force and lump coal formation,and a statistical analysis method was proposed to determine the lump coal rate.The following conclusions are drawn from the results:(1)Based on a soft ball model,a coal wall cutting model is established.By setting the roller parameters based on linear bonding and simulating the roller cutting process of the coal body,the coal wall cutting process is effectively simulated,and accurate lump coal rate statistics are provided.(2)Under the cutting stress,the coal body in the working face underwent three stages—microfracture generation,fracture expansion,and fracture penetration—to form lump coal,in which the fracture direction is orthogonal to the cutting pressure chain.Within a certain range from the roller,as the cutting depth of the roller increased,the number of new fractures in the coal body first increases and then stabilizes.(3)Under the cutting stress,the fractured coal body is locally compressed,thereby forming a compact core.The formation and destruction of the compact core causes fluctuations in the cutting force.The fluctuation amplitude is positively related to the coal mass.(4)Because the simulation does not consider secondary damage in the coal,the simulated lump coal rate is larger than the actual lump coal rate in the working face;this deviation is mainly concentrated in large lump coal with a diameter greater than 300 mm.

Fully Developed Turbulence of Power⁃Law Fluids in Circular Pipe Based on Large Eddy Simulation

In this study,Large eddy simulation(LES)of the fully developed turbulence of power⁃law fluids in a circular pipe was performed using the dynamic subgrid⁃scale model.Under a specific Reynolds number,the flow information of three fluids with a range of power⁃law indexes was obtained.The trends of the mean axial velocity and the normalized apparent viscosity were analyzed.Simulation results show that shearing⁃thinning fluid displayed more noticeable non⁃Newtonian characteristics than shear⁃thickening fluid.The predicted friction factors were approximately equal to the Dodge and Metzner correlation and Gomes correlation.The peak values of root mean squares(RMS)and Reynolds stress increased as the power⁃law index increased.The turbulence statistics(skewness and flatness)from the wall to the pipe center were calculated.From the calculated results,the velocity fluctuation near the wall had strong intermittent and asymmetry.As demonstrated by the contours of the normalized instantaneous axial velocity and viscosity,the turbulence was more developed as the power⁃law index increased.It is concluded that the LES is feasible to predict the turbulence of pipe flow under higher Reynolds numbers.

Numerical simulation on the delivery law of gob gas of fully mechanized caving face

According to the cover rock caving features,the gob of fully mechanized caving face was divided into 3 zones: natural collected zone,pressure effecting zone and press stable zone.Based on these and the gob gas flow control equation,and considered the in- fluence to the mining fissured zone of gas drainage,also made use of CFD software,we found an not uniform 3D numerical model of gob gas seepage and got the gas emission law in gob of fully mechanized caving face (with or without discharge measures),and this can guide the engineering practice in some aspects.

新型模块化钢结构插入式连接节点受力性能研究

为推广钢结构集成模块在高层建筑及抗震设防区域的应用,提出了一种具有附加耗能的新型全装配模块化钢结构插入式连接节点,节点采用T型连接件代替传统焊接连接实现模块单元全装配,连接件与摩擦板进行相对滑移提供附加耗能。根据节点受力及变形机理,推导其初始转动刚度理论公式。建立半装配与全装配模块化钢结构插入式连接节点的精细化数值模型,对比分析两种节点的滞回曲线、耗能能力及应力应变分布规律。结果表明,全装配插入式节点具有饱满的类平行四边形滞回曲线,其初始转动刚度理论计算值与数值结果吻合良好,有效验证了节点刚度公式的准确性。与半装配插入式节点相比,全装配插入式节点最大承载力降低约26.59%,整体能量耗散系数最大增加约70.06%,可通过T型连接件将塑性损伤转移至预设区域,保护主要构件并实现损伤可控,显著提高节点的抗震性能。

厚煤层大采高综放工作面覆岩断裂演化规律研究

大采高综放开采易形成强烈的矿压显现,上覆岩层的断裂演化规律对工作面安全生产至关重要。以羊场湾煤矿160206工作面为工程背景,运用相似模拟试验、数值模拟和理论分析的综合研究方法,对大采高综放工作面覆岩的断裂过程与覆岩运移规律进行系统研究。研究表明:导水裂隙带内岩层随工作面推进表现为“台阶下沉”,同层岩层下沉趋势沿走向表现为“急剧下降—稳定(最大值)—快速上升—稳定(最小值)”。工作面覆岩运动场由两区分布(加速下沉区、缓慢下沉区)演化为三区分布(加速下沉区、缓慢下沉区、稳定区)。对离层演化与地表下沉规律进行了定量描述,运用理论计算表达式深入地剖析了地表的动态下沉机理及其相关因素。结合相似模拟与数值模拟的试验结果,提出了覆岩断裂演化的形态变化特征:覆岩断裂形态由“单等腰梯形”演化为“双等腰梯形”,表土层影响区由“矩形”演化为“倒梯形”。分析了覆岩中垮落区、离层区、压实区、裂隙富集区的动态演化过程:垮落区逐渐增大至一定程度,高度小幅度降低并趋于稳定,离层区由下至上逐渐发育并随工作面向前移动,离层区逐渐闭合形成压实区,且压实区逐渐增大并最终保持稳定,裂隙富集区位于采空区前后端部并随工作面向前移动。

综采工作面采动覆岩导水裂隙带发育高度综合研究

针对因煤层开采易导致上覆岩层产生裂隙,贯通地下含水层引发矿井水灾的问题,以盘城岭煤业150105工作面为研究背景,采用理论公式、现场井下仰孔注水测漏法和钻孔电视成像探测法,以及FLAC3D和UDEC数值模拟综合分析导水裂隙带的高度和发育规律。理论计算导水裂隙带的最大高度为81.56 m;通过井下仰孔注水测漏法监测3个钻孔的注水渗透量梯度临界值为12 L/min,通过临界值判定导水裂隙带高度为78.56~79.99 m;通过钻孔电视成像探测法观测钻孔内裂隙分布判定导水裂隙带高度为78.39~79.46 m;利用FLAC3D和UDEC数值模拟,根据覆岩塑性区变化特征,当工作面推进至180 m时,裂隙发生贯通,塑性区最大高度达到76.4 m,并根据覆岩塑性区变化、垂直应力分布、垂直位移云图分析了导水裂隙带发育规律的3个阶段。对不同方法下的导水裂隙带高度进行了相互验证。

全齿轮耦合机器人齿侧间隙建模与公差仿真

鉴于全齿轮耦合机器人齿轮传动链长、反转频率高的特点,分析机器人的结构和传动原理.为了减小侧隙对机器人传动精度的影响,提出齿侧间隙理论建模及三维公差仿真分析方法.针对驱动端的圆柱齿轮机构,对齿侧间隙进行理论建模和公差仿真分析,两者相吻合.针对关节处的圆锥齿轮机构,提出将圆锥齿轮副等效为假想圆柱齿轮副的侧隙建模方法,与公差仿真分析结果吻合.以机器人肩关节偏摆传动链为分析对象计算机器人末端误差,为了降低齿侧间隙及其导致的传动链回程误差,提出圆锥齿轮加垫的计算方法和电机转角补偿方法,通过实验验证该补偿方法的有效性.

浅埋深综放工作面采空区“三带”分布研究

为研究浅埋深综放工作面采空区“三带”分布规律,在串草圪旦煤矿6101综放工作面采空区埋设束管,对采空区“三带”进行了现场实测。实测结果表明:由于煤层埋深浅、地表起伏大、进风侧存在地表漏风,进风侧采空区“三带”明显滞后于回风侧,进回风两侧氧化带宽度分别为87.8 m和61.4 m。利用FLUENT软件对实测条件下该工作面采空区“三带”进行了数值模拟,模拟结果和现场实测结果基本一致。同时模拟了不漏风条件下该工作面采空区“三带”分布,此时采空区散热带、氧化带范围大幅度减小,进风侧采空区氧化带稍大,而工作面中部和回风侧“三带”分布基本一致。

厚夹矸顶煤放出率计算方法研究

针对含厚夹矸放顶煤开采的顶煤放出率难以计算的现状,本文以淮北朱仙庄煤矿Ⅱ863工作面为研究背景,采用散体介质流相似模拟试验以及顶煤放出率现场测定试验,研究了不同层位的顶煤回收率,并分析其运动规律,研究结果表明:相似模拟试验中顶煤平均放出率78%,现场试验顶煤平均放出率77.8%;不同层位顶煤放出率呈现“两头低中间高”的规律;该研究不仅实现了含厚夹矸顶煤放出率的计算,还为结构复杂的厚夹矸顶煤开采提供了科学依据。

黄土梁峁地形大采高煤层开采地表移动规律数值模拟研究

相较于平原地区,黄土梁峁地形下的煤层开采地表移动特征存在明显不同。为分析并揭示梁峁地形下煤层开采地表沉陷异常形变机理,结合现场实测与数值模拟手段,以山西某矿1313工作面为研究对象,对黄土梁峁地形大采高综放开采引起的地表沉陷进行了现场实测,分析了地表移动特征及相关参数取值;利用Rhino软件建立考虑地形的三维模型,导入离散单元法软件3DEC进行数值模拟计算,分析了开采过程中的岩层移动以及梁峁内部塑性破坏演变。研究表明:1313工作面地表移动剧烈,地表下沉起动距小于30 m,超前影响距为73 m,超前影响角为68.7°,走向边界角与上山边界角为40.3°,走向移动角与上山移动角为37.8°,以水平拉伸变形2 mm/m为移动边界的危险移动范围明显大于以下沉值10 mm确定的地表移动盆地范围;利用数值模拟分析黄土梁峁采动滑移过程发现,当工作面自开切眼沿走向回采30 m时,采空区周围岩体应力平衡被打破,顶板在自重以及上覆岩层的载荷作用下产生剪切破坏,采空区周边岩体发生塑性屈服,当工作面回采到120 m时,煤层处于非充分开采阶段,梁峁底部岩体剪切破坏带出现贯通现象,坡体在重力作用下发生向邻空侧的剪切滑移,相较于地表坡度15°的截面,地表坡度18°和22°的截面X轴负方向最大水平移动提升了107.3%与246.5%。

页岩气井间压裂窜扰机理及影响规律

四川盆地南部地区(以下简称川南地区)页岩气水平井体积压裂改造过程中,受地质及工程等因素影响,水力裂缝易与单一方向大尺度天然裂缝沟通并过度扩展,从而诱导邻井压力快速上涨,最终导致压裂窜扰、套管变形等问题,直接影响页岩气单井产量。为此,针对川南地区页岩气储层压裂窜扰模式多样、机制认识不清以及防控效果有限等问题,建立了全耦合页岩气水平井压裂多簇同步扩展数值模拟模型,并阐明了不同类型压裂窜扰的影响规律,最后提出了有效治理压裂窜扰的方法。研究结果表明:①天然裂缝发育的储层中,水平井裂缝易沿单一方向大尺度天然裂缝优势条带扩展,直接或间接对邻井产生影响,造成其压力涨幅异常;②页岩气水平井通过避免在风险段压裂或降低改造强度在一定程度上可减轻压裂窜扰的影响;③压裂井附近存在衰竭邻井时,裂缝更易往邻井低应力区扩展产生压裂窜扰,窜扰程度与岩石孔隙弹性密切相关。结论认为,合理避开风险段射孔、控制压裂改造强度可有效降低页岩气水平井压裂窜扰的风险,该研究成果可为同类国内外页岩气区块页岩气水平井压裂开发提供技术指导。

双U型火焰液态排渣锅炉纯燃高碱煤热力计算及数值模拟研究

对液态排渣锅炉的深入研究将会推动纯燃高碱煤技术的推广。以一台超临界350 MW机组直流双U型火焰液态排渣锅炉为研究对象,以燃烧室、捕渣管束和冷却室为单元,从热平衡的角度出发展开热力计算,并借助数值模拟手段,研究了炉膛内设计工况下的流场、温度场和组分场及其在变负荷时的变化情况。热力计算和数值模拟表明,几处烟气温度结果偏差都低于40.0℃。燃烧室出口烟气温度偏差仅为1.2℃,冷却室出口烟气温度偏差为15.6℃。经过验证和比较,所采用的热力计算方法可以应用于双U型火焰液态排渣锅炉纯燃高碱煤热力计算。数值模拟结果显示,炉内空气动力场良好,旋流形成的回流区可以增加煤粉颗粒在燃烧室的运动路径,促进煤粉的燃尽。烟气在流经捕渣管时,温度大大降低,同时流场也受到了一定的扰动,可以有效捕捉灰渣。在变负荷工况下,炉内的速度场按负荷降低成比例下降,回流区的大小基本不变。炉内的温度水平降低,当给煤量由100%降至75%时,燃烧室出口烟温降低了约75℃,而冷却室出口烟温降低了约200℃。本研究可为双U型火焰液态排渣锅炉纯燃高碱煤提供参考。

基于深度学习建表的宽域发动机火焰面燃烧模型构建与验证

以新型宽域发动机为动力的未来新一代飞行器的研发迫切需要CFD方法来进行高效高精度的辅助设计.文章把传统的火焰面/进度变量燃烧模型与深度学习和神经网络方法相结合,构建了新的智能化改进的燃烧模型并进行了算例测试与验证,在保证计算效率的同时提高了预测精度.首先,给出了人工神经网络的构建方法,包括数据库划分、数据归一化以及模型的训练等;然后,测试分析了不同函数结构对新建模型的影响,并讨论了基于CPU和GPU的求解器框架下内存占用优化问题;最后,把智能化模型耦合到GPU求解器上对飞行马赫数4~12的3个发动机算例进行了数值模拟.结果表明,智能化改进的模型可代替传统火焰面/进度变量数据库从而实现高维参数建模及模型改进,并可以成功运行在GPU上;智能化改进的模型比传统的模型平均误差减小量均超过了50%,算例误差最大减小值可达57.2%.

大倾角综放工作面顶煤损失分布特征及放煤步距优化

为提高唐山矿0291综放工作面的顶煤回收率,针对生产过程中的端头、架间、初采等7个方面的顶煤损失问题,理论计算了顶煤损失量,分析了工作面顶煤损失分布特征,将步距间损失作为优化对象,选用PFC2D软件对放煤步距进行优化,按照“见矸即停”原则,比较不同放煤步距的顶煤放出量,模拟结果表明:顶煤放出量随着支架的推移呈现明显的波动性,“一刀一放”的放煤量在80~560块之间,“二刀一放”的放煤量在50~680块之间,“三刀一放”的放煤量在100~1100块之间,从放出总量来看,放煤效率最高的是“一刀一放”,其顶煤放出总量为3832块,因此放煤步距优化为“一刀一放”时,可有效降低放煤步距间损失。

全自动驾驶地铁客室人机工程仿真校核

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