Numerical simulation for determining three zones in the goaf at a fully-mechanized coal face

According to the theory of ventilation network, a model for a filtration flow field in goaf was built and simulation soft- ware for determining the three zones in goaf has been developed. This software uses no-gap-connection between Visual Basic (VB) and Excel to exchange data, uses Component Object Model (COM) component of MATLAB to plot charts of the three zones and to export the corresponding coordinates of the isolines. An example shows that this software is convenient and simple. By using it, the three zones can be easily determined. The software is convenient in studies and analyses of the three zones in goaf.

Theoretical and numerical analysis of coal dust separated by centrifugal force for working and heading faces

In order to meet engineering needs of Chinese underground coal mines,a new dust-collecting fan,a device of dust separated by centrifugal force in driven cyclone passageway(DCCP)was designed.In centrifugal dust removal section(CDRS)of DCCP,a general equation is derived from the principle of force equilibrium.According to CDRS structure parameters and fan running parameters,the general equation is simplified,and the simplest equation is calculated numerically by MATLAB.The calculation results illustrate that increasing quantity of air current is against dust removal,but it is beneficial to dust removal by increasing the radius of driven spiral blade and increasing the particle diameter of coal dust.The conclusions show that the dust-collecting structure parameters coupled with the fan running parameters is a novel optimization approach to dust-collection fan for working and heading faces,which is especially suitable for Chinese underground mines.

Characteristics of Gas Emission at Super-Length Fully-Mechanized Top Coal Caving Face

Characteristics of gas emission at the K8206 working face in the Third mine of the Yangquan Coal Group were investigated. The effects of strata movement,advancing velocity of working face,production capacity of working face and gas extraction capability of strike high-level entry on gas emission at K8206 working face were analyzed. A regression equation,reflecting the relationship between relative gas emission rate and the production capacity of work-ing faces,was established. Another regression equation showing the relationship between the gas emission rate from adjacent layers when the working face was advancing for one metre and advancing velocity was derived. It can be con-cluded that,1) the amount of gas emitted at the K8206 working face is far greater than that of ordinary top coal caving faces with a dip length of 180-190 m; 2) the dynamic process of gas emission from adjacent layers during the initial mining stage is controlled by the movement of key strata; 3) the amount of gas emitted that needs to be forced out by air is greatly affected by the capability of gas extraction; 4) when the advancing velocity is between 3.5-5.5 m/d or when the output is up to 8-12 kt/d,the gas emission from adjacent layers is almost constant.

Patterns governing distribution of surrounding-rock stress and strata behaviors of fully-mechanized caving faces

By employing numerical modeling, similar material simulation and comprehen-sive field observation, investigations were made and patterns were obtained governing surrounding-rock stress distribution and strata behaviors. It shows that patterns governing displacement of FMC roadway surrounding rocks and those governing deformation of supports are basically the same along the strike, but the displacements vary greatly. The front stresses affect greater areas than the lateral stresses and their limit widths of equilib-rium zones and K are almost similar. The stress transmits very deep. Our findings offer scientific basis on which to determine parameters for coal pillar retaining and for roadway out-laying, thus increasing the recovery ratio and improving the maintenance of roadway.

Numerical simulation study on the thermal environment in heading face

Based on κ-ε turbulence model, the distributions of the velocity field, tempera- ture field, thermal comfort index, PMV-PPD （Predicted Mean Vote-Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied）, and air quality index, mean age of air were obtained of Zhouyuanshan Coal Mine in -650 m level of a heading face by CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics）software, Airpak 2.0. Moreover, the human thermal comfort and the air quality of the heading face were analyzed with PMV-PPD and mean age of air indices, which received an intuitive visualization and accurate evaluation results. In order to create a safe, comfortable, and economical underground operating environment, a scientific, rational, and comprehensive prediction and evaluation needed to provide a theoretical and technical basis for coal mine ventilation, cooling, heat harm treatment, and prevention. Meanwhile, from the human thermal comfort and air quality to research the underground environment, it embodied the concept of being human oriented.

Analysis of Noise at Coal Face by Fully-Mechanized Coal Winning Technology

The noise level of coal face by full-mechanized coal winning technology was measured in a coal mine. And then it was analyzed and evaluated using environment science, ergonomics and fussy mathematics analysis. Basis of the statistics and analysis of the measured noise level some measures, such as applying the new materials and improving the construction of the equipment, were carried out. The resuts show that they can reduce the noise level, improve the working environment and enhance the work efficiency.

Mechanical analysis on deformation of surrounding rock with road-in packing of gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized sub-level caving face

Based on the movement regularity of surrounding rock with road-in packing of gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized sub-level caving face(RPGERFCF),the me- chanical model of its surrounding rock was established and the calculating formulas of the deformation of the roof,coal wall and filling body were attained.By the mechanical analy- sis to the deformation of the surrounding rock of RPGERFCF,the major factors influencing the deformation of the surrounding rock were found out and the technologic approaches reduced the deformation and enhanced the stability of the surrounding rock were put for- ward.Consequently,the scientific bases were provided for the stability control of the sur- rounding rock of RPGERFCF.

Reliability Analysis of Production System of Fully-Mechanized Face Based on Output Statistic

Production system of fully-mechanized face is a complicated system composed of human, machine and environment, meantime influenced by various random factors. Analyzing the reliability of system needs plentiful data by means of system faults statistic. Based on the viewpoint that shift output of fully-mechanized face is the result of various random factors’ synthetical influence, the process of how to analyze its reliability was deduced by using probability theory, symbolic statistics theory and systematic reliability theory combined with the concrete case study in this paper. And it has been proved that this method is feasible and valuable.

Improving thermal comfort of high-temperature environment of heading face through dehumidification

In order to improve the thermal environment of high-temperature heading face,moisture content of supply air is reduced by dehumidification, and the relative humidity ofenvironment air of the heading face is also decreased.First, according to the coefficient ofperformance of dehumidifier, the capacity of dehumidification was calculated.Second, inthe engineering example of the heading face, quantitative changes of WBGT (Wet BulbGlobe Temperature) were compared between with dehumidification and without dehumidification.Based on WBGT standards, the thermal comfort of high-temperature environmentof heading face was evaluated between with dehumidification and without handling.Reducingthe relative humidity of airflow through dehumidification, the thermal comfort of ahigh-temperature environment of heading face can improve greatly.Even if dry bulb temperatureof airflow is not decreased, the thermal comfort of heading face environment isalso improved to some extent.

Analysis and control of hydraulic support stability in fully-mechanized longwall face to the dip with great mining height

The working condition of the hydraulic support in working face can be divided into three kinds of situations in the following： roof fall and col,lapse with cavity, advancing support and supporting. Took single support with four-pole in Iongwall face to the dip as research object, control method was studied to avoid support instability in three situations mentioned above. Based on these researches, the major factors of influencing on support stability and its controlling measures were put forward. According to specific conditions of working face 1215（3）, which is fully-mechanized and Iongwall face to the dip with great mining height in Zhangji Coal Mine, Huainan Mining Group, the effective measures was taken to control supports stability..

DETERMINATION METHOD OF OPTIMAL SUPPORTING TIME IN HEADING FACE

This paper has put forward a concept of optimal supporting time through analysing the influence of the supporting time in the heading face on the supporting result of surrounding rock.The method Of the optimal Supporting time determined by graphical method is discussed, and the calculating formula for determining the optimal supporting time through the analysis method is derived.

Research on the characteristics of noise source on heading face and noise propagation in mine laneway

Based on the complexity and dynamic random analysis of machine noise source in mine heading face, this article established the noise pressure mathematical model of noise propagation in mine laneway of different noise sources, carried out noise propagation numerical simulation in long space, and revealed noise propagation law of more radiated noise sources in the mine roadway. The results show that, under conditions that the total noise power is always the same, regardless of point source, surface noise source, or body noise source, the corresponding noise attenuation trend along the mine laneway and attenuation curve shape are basically the same. However, the attenuation velocity corresponding to complex stereo noise source is slower than single point source and the noise pressure value is higher than the single point source. The actual noise of measured values is close to the theoretical value or, say, there is little error for complex stereo noise source, whereas the error to single point source and surface noise is higher, respectively.

Analysis on distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face

The three-dimensional damage constitutive relationship of coal is established and distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face under the effect of given deformation of the main roof is analyzed by the damage mechanics theory. And the relationship between distribution of the abutment pressure and thickness of coal seam is explored. The presented result is of great theoretical significance and practical value to the study on stability control of the surrounding rock of road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face.

Waste-filling in fully-mechanized coal mining and its application

A fully-mechanized coal mining (FMCM) technology capable of filling up the goaf with wastes (including solid wastes) is described. Industrial tests have proved that by using this technology not only can waste be re-used but also coal resources can be exploited with a higher recovery rate without removing buildings located over the working faces. Two special devices, a hydraulic support and a scraper conveyor, run side-by-side on the same working face to simultaneously realize mining and filling. These are described in detail. The tests allow analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence when backfilling techniques are employed. These values are compared to those from mining without using backfilling techniques, under the same geological conditions. The concept of equivalent mining height is proposed based on theoretical analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence. The upper limits of the rock pressure and ground subsidence can be estimated in backfilling mining using this concept along with traditional engineering formulae.

Ultra-Lightweight Face Animation Method for Ultra-Low Bitrate Video Conferencing

Video conferencing systems face the dilemma between smooth streaming and decent visual quality because traditional video compression algorithms fail to produce bitstreams low enough for bandwidth-constrained networks.An ultra-lightweight face-animation-based method that enables better video conferencing experience is proposed in this paper.The proposed method compresses high-quality upperbody videos with ultra-low bitrates and runs efficiently on mobile devices without high-end graphics processing units(GPU).Moreover,a visual quality evaluation algorithm is used to avoid image degradation caused by extreme face poses and/or expressions,and a full resolution image composition algorithm to reduce unnaturalness,which guarantees the user experience.Experiments show that the proposed method is efficient and can generate high-quality videos at ultra-low bitrates.

牛马不同槽——嘉峪关魏晋墓两幅壁画的现实表达与文化意涵

嘉峪关魏晋墓葬壁画描绘了“牛马不同槽”的现象。结合礼仪艺术与世俗绘卷中的同类图像,揭示了此类现象的现实原因,并指出其进入文化层面后的意涵。先秦哲学从牛马习性出发,抽象出了其间的对立统一关系,很多情境中牛马间的对立还可转化为对应,例如祭祀中的牛马,图像中的牛马合犋犁耕、牧马牧牛、牛车鞍马,宗教语境下的牛头马面等。“牛马不同槽”从民间俗语到文献与图像的表达,反映了古代艺术与生活的密切关系。

中国人的头面部观察指标特征

对中国53个民族(62个族群)的8项头面部观察指标出现率进行研究,探讨中国人头面部观察指标的特征.结果显示,中国人多有上眼睑皱褶,上唇皮肤部高多中等,多薄唇,鼻翼较宽,三角形耳垂出现率超过20%,凸鼻背出现率低.北亚类型族群的有内眦褶率、凸鼻背、宽鼻翼和薄唇的出现率高于南亚类型族群,上眼睑有皱褶率、眼裂高度狭窄型率、三角形耳垂出现率、上唇皮肤部高中等型率低于南亚类型族群.主成分分析结果表明,中国南亚类型族群的头面部特征比较接近,北亚类型族群的位点明显分散,反映出头面部特征差异较大.汉族族群的位点也比较分散,未形成明显的汉族位点聚集区.中国北亚类型族群、南亚类型族群及汉族族群头面部观察指标的差异多受遗传因素影响.

定位装置对头面部医学摄影一致性的影响

目的:探讨定位装置对整形美容外科头面部医学摄影一致性的影响。方法:于2021年3月,选取志愿者20例作为研究对象,采用自身对照研究法,每位志愿者先使用传统拍摄法拍摄三组照片,每组照片拍摄角度为左、右45°和左、右90°;30 min后,每位志愿者再使用定位装置拍摄法拍摄三组照片,记录每组拍摄时间。通过Image J软件对每组照片进行距离及角度的测量,对两种拍摄方法测量数据的差值及所用时间进行统计学分析。结果:定位装置拍摄法中左、右45°照的角度差,左、右90°照的角度差,以及左、右45°照的距离差均小于传统拍摄法,拍摄时间也明显短于传统拍摄法(P<0.05)。结论:摄影定位装置的运用,大大提升了整形美容外科头面部医学摄影的一致性,使影像资料更加标准、规范,还缩短了拍照时间,提升了工作效率,提高医、护、患三方满意度。

隧道施工作业人员佩戴颗粒物防护口罩适合性及影响因素分析

目的分析隧道施工作业人员佩戴颗粒物防护口罩适合性与工人头面部尺寸之间的关系,探索相关影响因素。方法选择某隧道施工作业现场工人200人为研究对象,调查个人基本信息,测量身高、体重,使用TSI Pro+8038、8048进行折叠式和杯式口罩适合性检验,手持三维扫描仪进行头面部尺寸测量。结果适合性检验单因素分析,研究对象佩戴口罩形状和所属民族对通过率的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过组与未通过组头面部尺寸测量显示,折叠式口罩9501V+额最小宽,9502V+两耳屏间宽,杯式口罩8576两耳屏点间颌下弧长、两下颌角宽、鼻宽和BMI,8577头冠状弧、耳屏鼻根长、两耳屏点间颏下弧长、颈围、形态面长和BMI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。适合性检验多因素分析,形态面长、鼻宽和BMI值与适合性检验通过的概率呈正相关,口宽值呈负相关。相较于折叠式口罩,杯式口罩通过的概率更大。头面部尺寸分栏总体覆盖率为85.0%,折叠式和杯式口罩的#5、#7、#8、#10通过人数较多。结论对于本次现场研究的施工作业人员,杯式口罩较折叠式口罩更为适用;形态面长、鼻宽和BMI的值越大,口宽的值越小,适合性检验的通过概率越高,结合我国头面部尺寸分栏标准,形态面长可作为快速选择口罩的主要判断依据,鼻宽、口宽以及BMI可作为适合性检验的主要参考依据;为提高呼吸防护效果,建议通过适合性检验为工作人员筛选合适的口罩类型。

多头双向螺旋面的加工方案研究

在介绍活齿端面谐波齿轮的传动原理及多头双向螺旋面含义的基础上,提出了2种加工多头双向螺旋面的方案,并进行了分析、比较。方案一:先采用三维建模软件(如NX等)对具有不同参数的多头双向螺旋面的零件进行建模,再利用数控立式加工中心进行加工;方案二:利用数控电火花线切割机床与数控回转工作台互相配合,按照多头双向螺旋面形成的原理进行加工。