Catalytic steam methane reforming enhanced by CO_2 capture on CaO based bi-functional compounds

Sorption enhanced steam methane reforming（SE-SMR） was performed to maximize hydrogen production and contemporary remove COfrom the product stream using bi-functional sorbent-catalyst compounds.Samples were tested at two different scales: micro and laboratory. The CaO amount varied in the CaO-CaAlOsorbent system synthesized by wet mixing(CaO content of 100 wt%, 56 wt%, 30 wt%, or 0 wt% and balance of CaAlO) which were upgraded to bi-functional compounds by impregnation of 3 wt% of Ni. Nitrogen adsorption（BET/BJH）, X-Ray Diffraction（XRD）, Temperature-Programmed Reduction（TPR） and Scanning and Transmission Electronic Microscopy（SEM and TEM, respectively） analyses were performed to characterize structural and textural properties and reducibility of the bi-functional materials and evaluate their catalytic behavior. A fixed sorbent composition CaO-CaAlO(56 wt% of CaO and CaAlObalance), was chosen to study the effect of different weight hourly space times（WHST） and CHstream compositions in SE-SMR activity. Impregnated mayenite at both micro and laboratory scales showed stable Hcontent of almost 74%, with CHconversion of 72% similarly to the values reported by the sample containing 30 wt% of CaO in the post-breakthrough.Sample with 30 wt% of CaO showed promisingly behavior, enhancing Hcontent up to almost 94.5%.When the sorption enhanced reaction is performed roughly 89% of CHconversion is achieved, and after the pre-breakthrough, the catalyst worked at the thermodynamic level. During cycling sorption/regeneration experiments, even if COremoval efficiency slightly decreases, CHconversion and Hyield remain stable.

A Density Functional Study on the Geometries of Compounds Fe(HCN)_n^+ (n = 1～6)

The possible geometries of Fe(HCN)n (n = 1~6) compounds were studied by using + DFT/UB3LYP/6-31G(2df) method. The structure and ground state of each fragmental ion are C∞v (4Σ+ or Σ ), D∞h (4Σg ), D3 (4A1 ), C2 or Td or C3v (4A1), and D3 (4A1 ) or C4 ( A1 ) sequentially 6 + + ′ ′ ′ 2 ′ h v h v with n = 1～5. For the compound Fe(HCN)6 , the possible geometry was not obtained. The + sequential incremental interaction energy (–?(?E)), dissociation energy (?D0), enthalpy (–?(?H)) and Gibbs free energy (–?(?G)), and frequencies for HCN-Fe(HCN)n + -1 were also calculated, and the results are all in good agreement with the experiments. The bond length of Fe–N is lengthened with the increase of cluster size, and the strength of Fe+–N coordination bond varies nonmon- tonically as increasing the number of ligands. The Fe+–N bond of Fe(HCN)2 is the strongest in all + compounds.

Preparation,Crystal Structure and Density Functional Theory Calculations of the Ion-pair Compound [Cl2Bz(3-MeQl)](TCNQ)

A novel compound [Cl2Bz（3-MeQl） ]（TCNQ） （[Cl2Bz（3-MeQl） ]^＋ = 1-（3,4-dichlo-robenzyl） 3-methlquinoline cation,TCNQ-= 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethanide anion） has been synthesized by the reaction of [Cl2Bz（3-MeQl） ]Br and LiTCNQ,and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic,space group P21/c. The structure analysis shows that the anions are stacked into a column with isolated π-dimers,and there is one type of TCNQ entries（TCNQ^-） ,in agreement with the IR spectra analysis and density functional theory calculations of the compound. The most prominent structural features are the completely segregated stacking columns of the TCNQ- anions and [Cl2Bz（3-MeQl）]＋ cations.

Research on Functional Characteristics of Karst Eco-economic Compound System in Guizhou Province

Based on the eco-economy theory,this paper analyzed the characteristics of the components of eco-economic compound system of karst region in Guizhou Province.The functional characteristics of eco-economic compound system of karst region in Guizhou Province were analyzed.The functional characteristics were as follows:low biological production of Guizhou Province;weak capacity of ecosystem;slow speed of storage and accumulation of material and serious environmental pollution;low production and efficiency of energy;serious wastes of energy.On the basis of functional characteristics of eco-economic compound System in Karst region.Some views in terms of maintenance and reconstruction of compound system,were put forward,including laying stress on improving ecological system;choosing and cultivating the advanced species that suit the Karst region;improving the amount and speed of material accumulation,at the same time,introducing into advanced production technologies and management experience;reducing the energy efficiency of each section in economic system and improving the transformation efficiency of energy.

基于各向异性混合核函数高斯过程回归的RC柱概率抗剪承载力模型

针对钢筋混凝土(RC)柱抗剪承载力传统预测模型的非线性逼近能力不足且无法合理描述不确定性所存在的缺陷,提出一种基于各向异性混合核函数高斯过程回归的RC柱概率抗剪承载力预测模型。首先,基于核函数相加性和自动相关性,构造出一种新型的各向异性混合核函数;然后,结合高斯过程回归原理和各向异性混合核函数,建立了RC柱的概率抗剪承载力模型;进而采用极大似然估计法,确定了RC柱概率抗剪承载力模型的超参数;最后,基于91组剪切破坏RC柱的试验数据,通过与传统核函数形式和传统模型进行对比分析,验证了该模型的有效性。结果表明:与传统核函数相比,各向异性混合核函数的确定性预测指标均方根误差R_(MSE)和平均绝对误差M_(AE)分别降低约16%和19%,概率性预测值指标负对数预测密度N_(LPD)和平均标准化对数损失M_(SLL)分别降低约15%和23%;与传统机器学习模型相比,本文模型的均方根误差R_(MSE)和平均绝对误差M_(AE)分别降低约38%和39%;根据所提出的概率模型能够建立概率密度函数曲线和置信区间,从而合理描述抗剪承载力的不确定性并校准分析传统模型的预测精度。

A compound objective reconfiguration of distribution networks using hierarchical encoded particle swarm optimization

With the development of automation in smart grids,network reconfiguration is becoming a feasible approach for improving the operation of distribution systems.A novel reconfiguration strategy was presented to get the optimal configuration of improving economy of the system,and then identifying the important nodes.In this strategy,the objectives increase the node importance degree and decrease the active power loss subjected to operational constraints.A compound objective function with weight coefficients is formulated to balance the conflict of the objectives.Then a novel quantum particle swarm optimization based on loop switches hierarchical encoded was employed to address the compound objective reconfiguration problem.Its main contribution is the presentation of the hierarchical encoded scheme which is used to generate the population swarm particles of representing only radial connected solutions.Because the candidate solutions are feasible,the search efficiency would improve dramatically during the optimization process without tedious topology verification.To validate the proposed strategy,simulations are carried out on the test systems.The results are compared with other techniques in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.

DISTRIBUTION OF VOTAW'S λ_1(vc) CRITERION FOR TESTING COMPOUND SYMMETRY OF A COVARIANCE MATRIX

The distribution of Votaw’s λ1（vc） criterion for testing compound symmetryof the covariance matrix of a t-variate Gaussian model has been obtained in terms ofMeijer’s G-function as well as in computable series form. Special cases of the densityhave also been derived using reduction formulae for G-function.

复方排石汤剂对草酸钙肾结石模型大鼠保护作用实验研究

目的:观察复方排石汤对草酸钙肾结石模型大鼠的药效,并初步探索其可能机制。方法:将42只雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组,即正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、复方排石汤剂低(0.26g·mL-1)、中(0.52g·mL-1)、高(1.03g·mL-1)剂量组。采用乙二醇和氯化铵试剂联合诱导SD大鼠草酸钙肾结石实验模型,造模同时正常对照组及模型对照组给予饮用水灌胃,阳性对照组给予25%枸橼酸钾溶液灌胃,复方排石汤高、中、低剂量组分别给予复方排石汤剂低、中、高剂量灌胃,干预28 d。试验期间通过观测大鼠体质量等一般体征,检测大鼠血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、血钙(Ca2+)以及尿液中尿素氮、肌酐含量及肾组织病理变化程度;评价肾组织中p38 MAPK信号通路的激活[p38磷酸化程度(p-p38/p38)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、P47-phox水平]情况。结果:4周后,模型对照组大鼠血清SCr和BUN水平较正常对照组升高(P<0.05)。与模型对照组比较,阳性对照组大鼠给予枸橼酸钾治疗后血清SCr、BUN水平降低(P<0.05);复方排石汤剂中剂量组和复方排石汤剂高剂量组大鼠血清SCr、BUN水平降低(P<0.05),复方排石汤剂低剂量组大鼠血清SCr、BUN水平有所降低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4周后,模型对照组大鼠尿Ca2+和尿草酸含量较正常对照组升高(P<0.05),血Ca2+浓度未见显著改变(P>0.05)。与模型对照组比较,阳性对照组大鼠尿Ca2+和尿草酸含量降低(P<0.05);复方排石汤剂中剂量组和复方排石汤剂高剂量组大鼠尿Ca2+和尿草酸含量降低(P<0.05),复方排石汤剂低剂量组大鼠尿草酸含量降低(P<0.05)。4周后,模型对照组大鼠外周血NEUT比例较正常对照组升高(P<0.05),LYMPH比例较正常对照组降低(P<0.05)。与模型对照组比较,阳性对照组大鼠NEUT比例降低(P<0.05),LYMPH比例升高(P<0.05);复方排石汤剂中剂量组和复方排石汤剂高剂量组大鼠NEUT比例降低(P<0.05),LYMPH比例升高(P<0.05)。模型对照组大鼠肾脏组织p-p38/p38、TGF-β1、P47-phox水平较正常对照组升高(P<0.05)。与模型对照组比较,阳性对照组和复方排石汤剂高剂量组大鼠肾脏p-p38/p38、TGF-β1、P47-phox水平均降低(P<0.05),复方排石汤剂中剂量组仅P47-phox水平降低(P<0.05),复方排石汤剂低剂量仅TGF-β1水平降低(P<0.05)。显微镜下观察:模型对照组大鼠肾组织中草酸钙结晶的形成明显,阳性对照组、复方排石汤剂各剂量组草酸钙结晶形成较少。结论:复方排石汤剂对草酸钙肾结石模型大鼠具有良好的保护作用,其机制可能与抑制MAPK通路p38磷酸化有关。

Diets, functional foods, and nutraceuticals as alternative therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: Present status and future trends

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a serious health concern among western societies. The disease is also on the rise in some East Asian countries and in Australia. Health professionals and dietitians around the world are facing an unprecedented challenge to prevent and control the increasing prevalence of IBD. The current therapeutic strategy that includes drugs and biological treatments is inefficient and are associated with adverse health consequences. In this context, the use of natural products is gaining worldwide attention. In vivo studies and clinical evidence suggest that wellplanned dietary regimens with specific nutrients can alleviate gastrointestinal inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin 1(IL-1), IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10. Alternatively, the avoidance of high-fat and highcarbohydrate diets is regarded as an effective tool to eliminate the causes of IBD. Many functional foods and bioactive components have received attention for showing strong therapeutic effects against IBD. Both animal and human studies suggest that bioactive functional foods can ameliorate IBD by downregulating the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor κB, STAT1, STAT6, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, COX-2, TNF-α, and interferon γ. Therefore, functional foods and diets have the potential to alleviate IBD by modulating the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Future comprehensive studies are needed to corroborate the potential roles of functional foods and diets in the prevention and control of IBD.

复方黑参滴丸与复方黑参丸药效学实验比较研究

目的研究复方黑参滴丸(改进剂型)治疗慢性咽炎的药效学作用,并与传统制剂复方黑参丸(传统剂型)进行比较。方法选取健康Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为空白组、阳性对照组、治疗组。用1%角叉菜胶溶液注入每只大鼠的右后足爪皮下,测定致炎后1、2、3、4、5、6h每只大鼠的足跖肿胀厚度,计算每只大鼠的足跖肿胀率。通过大鼠的足趾肿胀实验模型,分别观察滴丸剂与丸剂两种剂型对角叉菜胶所致大鼠足跖肿胀的抑制作用;选取健康昆明种小鼠60只,随机分为空白组、阳性对照组、治疗组。连续灌胃给药4 d后,小鼠腹腔注射0.5%酚红溶液,30 min后处死小鼠,剥离出气管,用5%NaHCO_(3)溶液冲洗,取冲洗液,置于紫外分光光度计中,在546nm波长处测定吸光度,计算相对应的酚红浓度。通过小鼠的酚红祛痰实验,对比滴丸剂与丸剂两种剂型对实验性小鼠呼吸道酚红分泌量的影响差别。结果大鼠足趾肿胀实验结果表明:与空白实验组相比较,5个供试品液组(咽炎片组、复方黑参丸组,复方黑参滴丸低、中、高组)对角叉菜胶所引起的大鼠急性足跖肿胀均有显著的抑制作用。与复方黑参丸(传统剂型)组比较,复方黑参滴丸(改进剂型)高剂量组有显著性差异。小鼠酚红祛痰实验结果表明:与空白组相比较,5个供试品液组(复方黑参滴丸低、中、高3个剂量组、复方黑参丸组、咽炎片组)均能增加小鼠酚红分泌量。复方黑参滴丸(改进剂型)与复方黑参丸(传统剂型)对小鼠酚红分泌量的影响无显著性差异。结论复方黑参滴丸及复方黑参丸对实验动物均有明显的抗炎、祛痰作用。复方黑参滴丸与复方黑参丸的药理作用无显著性差异。

Quantitative differentiation of phenolic compounds in different varieties of buckwheat cultivars from China, Japan and Korea

The aim of this study was to determine the variation of phenolic compounds in common and tartary buckwheats collected from China, Japan and Korea. Two buckwheat varieties of each country were cultivated using nutrient solution and vermiculite in the greenhouse from February to May, 2012 and harvested at two-week intervals. Phenolics such as chlorogenic acid, C-glycosylflavones (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin), rutin, and quercetin were quantified using high performance liquid chroma-tography (HPLC). At 17, 29, 44, 58, and 72 days after sowing (DAS), before harvesting each organs, rutin content of cultivars from China and Korea at 17 DAS was the highest (mean 43.63 and 39.95 mg?g–1 DW, respectively) than that of 29 and 44 DAS. However, two varieties from Japan at 44 DAS were documented maximum;whereas, the amount of rutin in “Hokkai T10” harvested at 44 DAS (58.36 mg?g–1 DW) was the highest of all cultivars. Rutin level in the leaves and stems at 72 DAS were comparatively higher than at 58 DAS. The highest of rutin content was found at 72 DAS (73.33 mg?g–1 DW) in “Hokkai T10” leaves followed by “Daegwan No.3-3” (61.13 mg?g–1 DW), “rice tartary” (53.89 mg?g–1 DW). Rutin content of flowers was presented as the highest amount in “Hokkai T10” at 72 DAS (88.3 mg?g–1 DW) was approximately 14-fold higher than that of 58 DAS (6.44 mg?g–1 DW). However, rutin content of flower in “Xiqiao No.2” was 3-fold higher at 72 DAS than at 58 DAS. Rutin and total phenolic compounds content in flowers, leaves, and stems were higher in the order. The content of four C-glycosylflavones in common buckwheat was higher than those in tartary buckwheat, but rutin content which accounted >90% of the total phenolic compounds was higher in tartary buckwheat. The highest amounts of chlorogenic acid and quercetin were measured in the flower of “Xiqiao No.2” (6.85 and 11.69 mg?g–1 DW, respectively). Based on these results, the presence of different phenolic compounds in all the varieties of buckwheat confirmed that it can be regarded as a potent source of functional foods.

A density functional theoretical studies on the structures and aromaticities of (CH)_n(BCO)_(6-n) (n=0-6)

Density functional theoretical calculations have been made on the electronic structure of （CH）n（BCO）6-n（n = 0-6） at B3LYP/6- 311 ＋ G（d） level. The nuclear-independent chemical shifts （NICS） values calculated using the gauge-including atomic orbitals （GIAO） method were used to assess on the aromaticities of these molecules. The results shows that （CH）n（BCO）6n（n = 0-6） species are aromatic.

Density Functional Calculations of C–NO_2 Bond Dissociation Energies for Nitroalkanes Molecules

Bond dissociation energies for the removal of nitrogen dioxide group in some nitroalkane energetic materials have been calculated by using the three hybrid density functional theory （DFT） methods B3LYP, B3PW91 and B3P86 with 6-31g^＊＊ and 6-311g^＊＊ basis sets. The computed BDEs have been compared with the available experimental results. It is found that the B3P86 method with 6-31g^＊＊ and 6-311g^＊＊ basis sets can obtain satisfactory bond dissociation energies （BDEs）, which are in extraordinary agreement with the experimental data. Considering the smaller mean absolute deviation and maximum difference, the reliable B3P86/6-311g^＊＊ method was recommended to compute the BDEs for the removal of nitrogen dioxide group in the nitroalkane energetic materials. Using the method, the BDEs of 8 other nitroalkane energetic materials have been calculated and the maximum difference from experimental value is 1.76 kcal.mo1^-1 （for the BDE of tC4Hg-NOz）, which further proves the reliability of B3P86/6-311g^＊＊ method. In addition, it is noted that the BDEs of C-NO2 bond change slightly for main chain nitroalkane compounds with the maximum difference of only 3.43 kcal mo1^-1.

The application and perspective of NMR and MS based strategies for functional compounds mining in medicinal and dietary plants

Medicinal and dietary plants provide numerous nutritional and functional compounds and also have various potential health benefits to humanity.The specific and efficient techniques for accurate identification of nutritional compounds and functional metabolites is crucial for the development of functional foods from medicinal and dietary plants.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and mass spectrometry(MS)are indispensable and essential technologies that provide an unsurpassed wealth of untargeted identification,quantitative and qualitative analysis,and structural information in the study of food and plant products.In the past decade,the rapid development of modern analytical technology has led to the emergence of new approaches and strategies for natural products discovery.Especially the application of novel NMRand MS-based identification and dereplication strategies aided by artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have brought about a significant shift in the natural products discovery process.These developments and changes in the natural products filed have given us insights into how to accurately target and mining nutritional,functional,and bioactive compounds.Thus,we have summarized recent research on novel NMR and MS based strategies and methods focusing on functional compounds,accurate identification and efficient discovery mainly in medicinal and dietary plants.This review could provide a comprehensive perspective for a better understanding of novel strategies and methods based on NMR and MS technologies,which could provide valuable insights and ideas for functional compounds mining.

Antihyperglycemic Activity of Moringa oleifera Lam Leaf Functional Tea in Rat Models and Human Subjects

Maintenance of glycemic control is important in preventing diabetes and its associated complications. Considering the current recommended approach for the use of functional foods and their bioactive components in the prevention and management of diabetes, the aim of this study was to determine the antihyperglycemic effect of Moringa oleifera functional tea in rat models and in normoglycemic human volunteers using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Moringa tea prepared by extracting Moringa leaf powder in distilled water (1:20 mg/ml) at 97°C for 30 min was administered at different doses to male Wistar rats and human volunteers prior to glucose loading. Blood glucose was measured at intervals of 30 min for 150 min. Consumption of Moringa tea prior to glucose loading suppressed the elevation in blood glucose in all cases compared to controls that did not receive the tea initially. The degree and pattern of decrease however, were dose dependent. In rats, intermediate doses of 20 ml/kg BW were more effective in reducing blood glucose overall (18.2%) vs 13.3% and 6% at doses of 10 and 30 ml/kg BW respectively. In humans, the final decrease in blood glucose was not significantly different for high 400 ml (19%) and low 200 ml (17%) doses. Of interest here was the pattern of decrease, being significantly higher (p < 0.05) at 30 min with 200 ml (22.8%) than with 400 ml (17.9%). It is suggested that low doses exert their antihyperglycemic effect more at intestinal level by inhibiting glucose absorption, whereas high doses exert their effect more in circulation. We conclude that Moringa oleifera tea has potential as a functional food in the management of hyperglycemia.

地衣芽孢杆菌联合复方谷氨酰胺治疗溃疡性结肠炎患者的效果

目的:观察地衣芽孢杆菌联合复方谷氨酰胺治疗溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者的效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年9月该院收治的60例UC患者的临床资料,按照治疗方法不同将其分为对照组和研究组各30例。两组均进行基础治疗,在此基础上,对照组予以复方谷氨酰胺治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合地衣芽孢杆菌治疗,两组均连续治疗4周。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后肠道菌群数量、肠黏膜屏障功能指标[D-乳酸(D-LA)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)]水平、血清学指标[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、黏蛋白1(MUC1)、C-C基序趋化因子配体11(CCL11)]水平,以及不良反应发生率。结果:研究组治疗总有效率为96.67%(29/30),高于对照组的73.33%(22/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量均多于治疗前,且研究组多于对照组,两组大肠埃希菌数量均少于治疗前,且研究组少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组DAO、D-LA水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组hs-CRP、IL-8、MUC1、CCL11水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:地衣芽孢杆菌联合复方谷氨酰胺治疗UC患者可提高治疗总有效率,调节肠道菌群数量,降低肠黏膜屏障功能指标和血清学指标水平,效果优于单纯复方谷氨酰胺治疗。

Hybrid density functional studies of cadmium vacancy in CdTe

The intrinsic defect of cadmium vacancy （Vcd） in cadmium telluride （CdTe） has been studied by first-principles cal- culations using potentials with both the screened hybrid functional of Heyd, Scuseria, and Ernzerhof （HSE） approximation and the generalized gradient approximation of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof form （PBE-GGA）. Both results show that the Ta structure of the Vctl defect for different charges is the most stable structure as compared with the distorted C3v structure with one hole localized at one of the four nearest Te atoms. This indicates that the John-Teller distortion （C3v） structure may be unstable in bulk CdTe crystal. The reason likely lies in the delocalized resonance nature of the t2 state of the Vcd defect. Moreover, the formation energy obtained by the HSE method is about 0.6-0.8 eV larger than that obtained by the PBE method. The transition levels calculated by the PBE method and the HSE method are similar and well consistent with the experimental results.

Development of Amine Capillary Column Applied to the Analysis of Basic Compounds by Electrochromatography

An amine capillary column was developed in a fused-silica capillary as stationary phase and applied to separation of basic compounds by capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The functionalized capillary was prepared by inmobilization of 3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). The CEC conditions including APTES and buffer concentration, pH and applied voltage were investigated to obtain the optimal CEC system for the separation of three anesthetics as basic test molecules. The capillary column provided an efficiency of up to 20,000 plates/m. Lidocaine, ketamine and xilacine were baseline separated under the running conditions with 10 mM Na2HPO4 pH 9.0 as BGE. The applied voltage was 5 kV temperature was set at 25oC and UV detection was performed. The resolutions were 4.97 and 1.53 for ketamine, lidocaine and xilacine, respectively. The column used in CEC mode showed better separation of the anesthetics compared with those used in the capillary zone mode. The comparison with reversed stationary phases used in HPLC in terms of resolution (Rs), sensitivity (LOD), efficiency (N), precision (RSD), asymmetry (T) was also performed. This study provided an alternative way for the CEC separation of basic compounds and demonstrated the improvement in the chromatographic parameters.

Advances in Effect of Germanium or Germanium Compounds on Animals—A Review

An increasing number of researches have been focused on the relationship between trace elements and animal health. Germanium, as a widely used trace element, exists ubiquitously as germanium or germanium compounds in the living environment of human and animals, and plays important roles in animal production or health. With the intensive study of the physiological function of germanium and its compounds, the effects of germanium on animal physiological functions and health have been gradually confirmed. In this review, we discuss the metabolic distribution, physiological characteristics, biological functions, germanium deficiency and germanium toxicity. Furthermore, we focus on the effects of germanium or germanium compounds on the immunity of animals. It is concluded that germanium or germanium compounds not only has positive effect but also has negative effect on animals. This review aims to provide a reference for the future research or application of the germanium or germanium compounds on animals or human beings.