Establishing minimum clinically important difference values for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction, and knee injury and osteoarthritis out

AIM To establish minimum clinically important difference(MCID) for measurements in an orthopaedic patient population with joint disorders.METHODS Adult patients aged 18 years and older seeking care for joint conditions at an orthopaedic clinic took the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function(PROMIS~? PF) computerized adaptive test(CAT), hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction(HOOS JR), and the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction(KOOS JR) from February 2014 to April 2017. MCIDs were calculated using anchorbased and distribution-based methods. Patient reports of meaningful change in function since their first clinic encounter were used as an anchor.RESULTS There were 2226 patients who participated with a mean age of 61.16(SD = 12.84) years, 41.6% male, and 89.7% Caucasian. Mean change ranged from 7.29 to 8.41 for the PROMIS~? PF CAT, from 14.81 to 19.68 for the HOOS JR, and from 14.51 to 18.85 for the KOOS JR. ROC cut-offs ranged from 1.97-8.18 for the PF CAT, 6.33-43.36 for the HOOS JR, and 2.21-8.16 for the KOOS JR. Distribution-based methods estimated MCID values ranging from 2.45 to 21.55 for the PROMIS~? PF CAT; from 3.90 to 43.61 for the HOOS JR, and from 3.98 to 40.67 for the KOOS JR. The median MCID value in the range was similar to the mean change score for each measure and was 7.9 for the PF CAT, 18.0 for the HOOS JR, and 15.1 for the KOOS JR.CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study providing a wide range of MCIDs for the PROMIS? PF, HOOS JR, and KOOS JR in orthopaedic patients with joint ailments.

Treatment of Skeletal CL II Patient with Maximum Lower Incisor Protrusion and Minimum Overjet with Rahhal Functional Appliance

Treatment of skeletal Cl II includes functional orthopedic treatment, head-gears, extraction of the upper premolars and orthognathic surgery. To treat any patient with functional appliances (bite jumping) an adequate overjet is necessary. In this case an 11 years old female patient has skeletal CLII due to mandibular deficiency with ANB angle 8 degrees, overbite: 3 mm, overjet: 1 mm, extremely convex profile and underdeveloped chin due to the hyper muscle contraction of the lower lip to obtain oral seal. To obtain an adequate overjet lower first premolars were extracted and maximum retraction using mini screws (for maximum anchorage) was applied. Afterwards Rahhal functional appliance was used by the patient 16 hours a day for 6 months and 10 hours a day for another 6 months for retention. After that fixed orthodontic treatment was completed. Lateral cephalometrics were taken, traced and analyzed. In the result Skeletal CLI was obtained (ANB 4 degree), straight facial profile, normal over bite overjet and particular chin development were noticed. As a conclusion, in skeletal CLII malocclusions, lower incisor protrusion will cause a contraindication for functional treatment. Extraction of the lower premolars and retraction of the lower incisors followed by functional orthopedic treatment is an efficient method to treat these cases instead of waiting for orthognathic surgery, also reducing the muscle pressure on the chin will change the development characteristics of it.

基于多变量模式分析的飞行学员脑功能连接的识别研究

目的基于多变量模式分析(multivariate pattern analysis,MVPA)对飞行学员和健康的普通人的大脑功能连接进行有效识别。材料与方法采集了40名已经取得执照的飞行专业在校学生与39名地面专业在校学生的功能磁共振数据。通过网络功能连接分析得到功能连接矩阵作为特征,分别通过最小绝对收缩选择算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)算法与独立样本t检验方法对特征降维。使用不同核函数的支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)进行训练和预测,使用留一交叉验证法进行模型性能评估,最终根据训练后SVM模型中的权重定位对应脑区之间的功能连接。结果使用LASSO特征筛选的线性(linear)核SVM模型准确率为81.82%,敏感度82.05%,特异度81.58%,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.88。核函数对模型准确率的影响不大。模型中右侧中央旁小叶、双侧中央后回、双侧顶下缘角回、右侧梭状回、左侧眶部额中回、左侧顶上回、右侧眶部额下回有较高的权重,模型中的权重集中在感觉运动网络(somatomotor network,SMN)与默认模式网络(default mode network,DMN),分别占用所有权重的25.62%和25.27%。结论结合LASSO算法进行特征筛选的SVM可以对飞行学员大脑进行有效识别,并且有更好的可解释性和更小的过拟合。模型权重信息反映了飞行学员主要在运动能力和感知能力有别于普通人。

基于fminimax优化函数的圆度误差评定

依据圆度误差标注代号和附加符号的含义,基于最小外接法、最大内切法和最小区域法分别建立了参考圆的圆心坐标优化目标函数和圆度误差评定模型,采用MATLAB软件编写了参考圆的圆心坐标优化目标函数子程序和圆度误差评定子程序,给出了圆度误差评定中fminimax优化函数调用方法。用Talyrond 585LT圆柱度测量仪对三个试样的圆周轮廓进行了提取,基于最小二乘法、最小外接法、最大内切法和最小区域法对提取的圆周轮廓分别进行了圆度误差评定。研究了优化搜索范围对圆度误差评定结果的影响,并将fminimax优化函数圆度误差评定的优化符合度与其他优化方法圆度误差评定的优化符合度进行了比较。fminimax优化函数的应用结果表明,评定结果精度高于或等于其他优化方法评定结果的精度,可满足圆度误差评定的需要。

最小生成树的prim算法及minimum函数

本文介绍了最小生成树的prim算法,minimum函数的实现过程及该函数对由prim算法所得到的最小生成树的影响。

基于平均声速测量的声速剖面实时重构方法

针对传统的声速剖面重构方法往往不具备实时性的问题,本文提出了一种基于平均声速测量的声速剖面实时重构方法。首先,基于历史数据进行特征分解并选择经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function, EOF)的阶次;其次,利用实测的水下某深度的声速和该深度至海面的平均声速,通过求二元一次方程组的最小范数解得到EOF重构系数;最后,结合历史声速剖面重构全海深声速剖面。使用西太平洋海域的再分析数据对该方法进行了仿真验证,结果表明:采用该方法重构的声速剖面与真实声速剖面拟合效果较好,平均均方根误差约为1.31 m·s-1。本文所提方法可为水下航行器实时重构声速剖面提供技术支撑。

计算芯片(MCU)测试台架方案设计与试验验证

目的:为了解决计算芯片(MCU)应用前期,需针对每一款分别设计对应的开发板、进行外设的功能驱动测试、不具备通用性、制作PCB板周期长等问题。方法:设计一种标准模块化测试台架,并对通讯和外设进行实验验证。结论:该台架整体功满足设计要求,适应于所有相同封装的MCU,可为其测试提供一种可行方案。

基于最小势能原理的深基坑吊脚墙变形研究

为应对工程中连续吊脚墙变形计算的难题,文中基于最小势能法提出了一种计算地下吊脚连续墙变形的新方法,并对实例中地下吊脚连续墙水平位移的模拟值与实测值进行对比分析,验证其可靠性。该方法引入了坑角影响因数,考虑了坑角对连续墙体变形的影响。开挖过程中的扰动、卸载与应力重分布等对岩肩部岩体力学性质的影响,会进一步增加连续墙的变形应量。

多功能泵保护阀旁路设计

离心泵的最小流量控制通常使用手动阀门操作控制或限流孔板控制,手动操作控制流量误差大,而且耗时费力;限流孔板控制流量不能实现关断,造成资源浪费;设计成自动调节控制,需要增加一套自动控制回路和调节阀,造价成本较高。然而,集四种功能于一体的多功能泵保护阀,不仅克服了前三种控制方式的不足,而且兼顾了止回阀和流量调节的功能。本文详细介绍了多功能泵保护阀在各种工况下的良性运行,以及它的使用方法、工作原理、使用功能、汽蚀的产生和消除。通过流体仿真分析、重难点计算和静密封试验,充分验证了用多功能泵保护阀替代离心泵最小流量控制的可行性和可靠性。

The Minimum Energy Principle in Description of Nonlinear Properties of Orthotropic Material

In this paper the conception of theoretical determine the relations between material experimental characteristics is presented. On the base of stress-strain relations for nonlinear elastic anisotropic material and geometrical interpretation of deformation state, the general form of strain energy density function was introduced. Using this function and variational methods the relations between material characteristics were achieved. All considerations are illustrated by a short theoretical example.

广义高斯混合模型的自适应盲信号分离

针对传统盲信号分离算法中信号概率密度函数计算速度慢、计算效果一般等问题,提出一种广义高斯混合模型的自适应盲信号分离算法。该算法根据信号拖尾特性的不同,自适应地选取t分布与广义高斯模型,分别估计重拖尾信号和轻拖尾信号的概率密度函数,通过建立峭度和形状因子的查找表得到不同信号评价函数的估计值,并对亚高斯信号和超高斯信号的混合信号进行有效分离。实验结果表明,该算法能对传统算法难以分离的重拖尾与轻拖尾混合信号进行快速有效的分离,具有较好的分离效果。

线性调频和MSK雷达通信一体化波形设计

在通信领域,许多物联网设备对于信息传输速率的要求越来越高,导致无线通信相关的电子产品所使用的带宽越来越高,进而使得无线通信在工作频段上与雷达的使用频率出现了重叠。无线通信类的电子产品越来越多,因而未来电磁频谱会越来越紧张。对此,设计出一个一体化波形,使该波形同时具有雷达探测和无线通信功能是非常有价值的研究。文章将线性调频信号与最小频移键控(Minimum Shift Keying,MSK)调制相结合设计一体化波数学模型,通过研究其模糊函数和相干解调验证了一体化波形具有雷达和通信的良好工作性能。

Analyzing and Seeking Minimum Test Instruction Set of Digital Signal Processor for Motor Control

The relativity of instructions of motor control digital signal processor (MCDSP) in the design is analyzed. A method for obtaining a minimum instruction set in plac e of the complete instruction set during generation of testing procedures is giv en in terms of the processor presentation matrix between micro-operators and in structions of MCDSP.

半泡法测液体表面张力系数实验探析

根据液体表面函数最低原理,证明液体表面气泡在足够大时呈半球状,在气泡稳定后,液膜收缩压与气泡球面曲率半径成反比,据此可以利用半泡法测量液体表面张力系数.

MIMO系统中基于代价函数和排序模式的MMSE SIC检测器

针对多输入多输出空间多路复用系统,提出了一种基于代价函数和排序模式的多个并行分支的最小均方误差连续干扰消除检测器;具体而言,设计了选择规则来选择代价函数性能最好的分支,并通过利用不同的检测排序模式使得每个分支中的SIC算法按照信号干扰噪声比由高到低来检测信号,从而实现完全检测分集;为了进一步降低算法的计算复杂度,还提出了一种采用递归最小二乘算法的有效自适应接收机来更新滤波器权值向量,从而获得基于递归最小二乘算法的MB-SIC接收机的自适应实现;此外,还对提出的检测器在比特差错概率性能方面进行了分析;仿真结果表明,相比于现有的检测算法,提出的算法不仅具有较低的计算复杂度,而且能获得更好的误码率性能。

基于改进最小化SNAP的植保无人机作业轨迹优化算法

轨迹优化是实现植保无人机自主作业路径规划的重要环节,合理高效的轨迹优化算法能使植保无人机安全快速地跟踪轨迹作业,提升作业稳定性与精准性。针对传统最小化SNAP算法偏移误差较大、时间分配不合理的问题,该研究提出一种针对植保作业场景的改进最小化SNAP轨迹优化算法。首先,运用机载载波相位差分(real-time kinematic,RTK)模块采集作业地块地形数据并搭建三维空间地图,基于空间地图采用牛耕法规划初始作业路径;其次,通过改进最小化SNAP算法优化作业路径,结合初始轨迹状态参量构建时间分配函数,解算得到当前最优时间分配;然后,重构最小化SNAP轨迹约束函数,添加位置偏移量梯度惩罚因子,采用最优化方法求解轨迹多项式系数;最后,联合无人机位置控制周期与轨迹多项式实例化航迹点,作为无人机运动的位置期望。试验结果表明,相较于传统最小化SNAP算法,本文算法在同等作业时间前提下,平均加速度减小7.82%,平均偏移误差减小45.56%,对轨迹偏移的抑制效果明显,并降低了加速度在地头转向处的超调,作业轨迹更加精准,作业速度更加平稳,可为植保无人机的轨迹优化策略提供参考。

基于最小体积约束的频域卷积盲源分离

频域盲源分离算法多数基于窄带假设,该假设在长混响环境下不成立。基于卷积传递函数(Convolutive Transfer Function,CTF)的多通道非负矩阵分解(Multichannel Nonnegative Matrix Factorization,MNMF)方法不依赖窄带假设,在长混响环境下的分离性能较其他传统算法有显著提升。但是,非负矩阵分解(NMF)对源信号功率谱进行近似估计在大多数情况下是病态的,其最优解不唯一。本文提出了一种基于最小体积约束的频域卷积盲源分离方法,在多通道非负矩阵分解(CTF-MNMF)的目标函数中,引入NMF基矩阵的最小体积约束来提高问题的适定性和求解参数的可辨识性。采用Majorization-Minimization(MM)优化方法对最小体积约束的目标函数进行求解,导出了估计参数的闭式解。仿真实验表明,在长混响环境下,所提方法比CTF-MNMF具有更好的分离性能。

Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width and visual field loss in glaucoma:a broken stick analysis

AIM：To determine the Bruch＇s membrane opening-minimum rim width（BMO-MRW） tipping point where corresponding visual field（VF） damages become detectable.METHODS：A total of 85 normal subjects and 83 glaucoma patients（one eye per participant） were recruited for the study.All of the patients had VF examinations and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to measure the BMO-MRW.Total deviation values for 52 VF points were allocated to the corresponding sector according to the Garway-Heath distribution map.To evaluate the relationship between VF loss and BMOMRW measurements,a ＂broken-stick＂ statistical model was used.The tipping point where the VF values started to sharply decrease as a function of BMO-MRW measurements was estimated and the slopes above and below this tipping point were compared.RESULTS：A 25.9% global BMO-MRW loss from normative value was required for the VF loss to be detectable.Sectorally,substantial BMO-MRW thinning in inferotemporal sector（33.1%） and relatively less BMO-MRW thinning in the superotemporal sector（8.9%） were necessary for the detection of the VF loss.Beyond the tipping point,the slopes were close to zero throughout all of the sectors and the VF loss was unrelated to the BMO-MRW loss.The VF loss was related to the BMO-MRW loss below the tipping point.The difference between the two slopes was statistically significant（P≤0.002）.CONCLUSION：Substantial BMO-MRW loss appears to be necessary for VF loss to be detectable in patients with open angle glaucoma with standard achromatic perimetry.

基于自适应滤波的无人机视觉导航误差补偿方法研究

为精确校准复杂自然环境下无人机的导航误差,提出基于自适应滤波的无人机视觉导航误差补偿方法。通过对视觉图像信号采取经验模态分解,构建无人机视觉导航图像的本征模函数,运用自适应滤波消除本征模函数噪声;采用长短期记忆网络构建无人机视觉导航误差的线性预测模型;考虑空变性残留误差和运动误差,运用子图像划分策略将图像分割成若干个迭代块,引入校准比例指数,利用最小熵自聚焦法完成无人机视觉导航的误差补偿任务。研究结果表明:基于自适应滤波的无人机视觉导航误差补偿方法具备良好的图像去噪效果,可以精确校准无人机视觉导航误差且鲁棒性较强。

Supersonic Two-Dimensional Minimum Length Nozzle Design at High Temperature. Application for Air

When the stagnation temperature of a perfect gas increases, the specific heat ratio does not remain constant any more, and start to vary with this temperature. The gas remains perfect, its state equation remains always valid, except it will name in more calorically imperfect gas or gas at High Temperature. The goal of this work is to trace the profiles of the supersonic Minimum Length Nozzle with centered expansion when the stagnation temperature is taken into account, lower than the threshold of dissociation of the molecules and to have for each exit Mach number several nozzles shapes by changing the value of the temperature. The method of characteristics is used with a new form of the Prandtl Meyer function at high temperature. The resolution of the obtained equations is done by the second order of fmite differences method by using the predictor corrector algorithm. A study on the error given by the perfect gas model compared to our model is presented. The comparison is made with a calorically perfect gas for goal to give a limit of application of this model. The application is for the air.