Reduced Partition Function Ratio in the Frequency Complex Plane: A Mathematical Approach

This paper gives a mathematical approach to calculate the fractionation factor of isotopes in a general cluster (also known as?super-molecule), which composes of necessary chemical effect within three bonds outside the interested atom(s). The cluster might have imaginary frequencies after being optimized in quantum softwares. The approach includes the contribution of the difference, which is resulted from the substitution of heavy and light isotopes in the cluster, of vibrations of imaginary frequencies to give precise prediction of isotope fractionation factor. We call the new mathematical approximation “reduced partition function ratio in the frequency complex plane (RPFRC)”. If there is no imaginary frequency for a cluster, RPFRC?is simplified to be Urey (1947) or Bigeleisen and Mayer (1947) formula. Final results of this new algorithm are in good agreement with those in earlier studies.

Acute effects of static stretching on peak and end-range hamstring-to-quadriceps functional ratios

AIM: To evaluate if static stretching influences peak and end-range functional hamstring-to-quadriceps(H/Q) strength ratios in elite women athletes. METHODS: Eleven healthy female athletes in an elite competitive level participated to the study. All the participants fulfilled the static stretching or non-stretching(control) intervention protocol in a randomized design on different days. Two static unassisted stretching exercises, one in standing and one in sitting position, were used to stretch both the hamstring and quadriceps muscles during these protocols. The total time for the static stretching was 6 ± 1 min. The isokinetic peak torque measurements for the hamstring and quadriceps muscles in eccentric and concentric modes and the calculations for the functional H/Q strength ratios at angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s were made before(pre) and after(post) the control or stretching intervention. The strength measurements and functional strength ratio calculations were based during the entire- and end-range of knee extension.RESULTS: The pre-test scores for quadriceps and hamstring peak torque and end range values were not significantly different between the groups(P > 0.05). Subsequently, although the control group did notexhibit significant changes in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength(P > 0.05), static stretching decreased eccentric and concentric quadriceps muscle strength at both the 60°/s and 180°/s test speeds(P < 0.01). Similarly, static stretching also decreased eccentric and concentric hamstring muscle strength at both the 60°/s and 180°/s test speeds(P < 0.01). On the other hand, when the functional H/Q strength ratios were taken into consideration, the pre-intervention values were not significant different between the groups both during the entire and end range of knee extension(P > 0.05). Furthermore, the functional H/Q strength ratios exhibited no significant alterations during the entire and end ranges of knee extension both in the static stretching or the control intervention(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: According to our results, static stretching routine does not influence functional H/Q ratio. Athletes can confidently perform static stretching during their warm-up routines.

Second to fourth digit ratio： a predictor of adult lung function

Sex and sex hormones play a major role in lung physiology. It has been proposed that the ratio of the second to fourth digits （digit ratio） is correlated with fetal sex hormones. We therefore hypothesized that digit ratio might help predict lung function. We investigated the relationship between digit ratio and pulmonary function test （PFT） findings. A total of 245 South Korean patients （162 male, 83 female） aged from 34 to 90 years who were hospitalized for urological surgery were prospectively enrolled. Before administering the PFTs, the lengths of the second and fourth digits of the right hand were measured by a single investigator using a digital Vernier caliper. In males （n = 162）, univariate and multivariate analysis using linear regression models showed that digit ratio was a significant predictive factor of forced vital capacity （FVC） and forced expiratory volume in I second （FEV1） （FVC： r = 0.156, P = 0.047; FEVI： r = 0.160, P = 0.042）. In male ever-smokers （n = 69）, lung functions （FVC and FEV1） were correlated with smoking exposure rather than digit ratio. In female never-smokers （n = 83）, lung functions （FEV1 and FEVI/FVC ratio） were positively correlated with digit ratio on univariate analysis （FEVI： r = 0.242, P = 0.027; FEVI/FVC ratio： r = 0.245, P = 0.026）. Patients with lower digit ratios tend to have decreased lung function. These results suggest that digit ratio is a predictor of airway function.

Stepwise joint inversion of surface wave dispersion,Rayleigh wave ZH ratio,and receiver function data for 1D crustal shear wave velocity structure

Accurate determination of seismic velocity of the crust is important for understanding regional tectonics and crustal evolution of the Earth. We propose a stepwise joint linearized inversion method using surface wave dispersion, Rayleigh wave ZH ratio （i.e., ellipticity）, and receiver function data to better resolve 1D crustal shear wave velocity （Vs） structure. Surface wave dispersion and Rayleigh wave ZH ratio data are more sensitive to absolute variations of shear wave speed at depths, but their sensi- tivity kernels to shear wave speeds are different and complimentary. However, receiver function data are more sensitive to sharp velocity contrast （e.g., due to the existence of crustal interfaces） and Vp/Vs ratios. The stepwise inversion method takes advantages of the complementary sensitivities of each dataset to better constrain the Vs model in the crust. We firstly invert surface wave dispersion and ZH ratio data to obtain a 1D smooth absolute vs model and then incorporate receiver function data in the joint inver- sion to obtain a finer Vs model with better constraints on interface structures. Through synthetic tests, Monte Carlo error analyses, and application to real data, we demonstrate that the proposed joint inversion method can resolve robust crustal Vs structures and with little initial model dependency.

Features on N/P ratio of plants with different functional groups between two types of steppe in semi-arid area

The differences in nitrogen/phosphorus(N/P)ratios of different functional groups in ecology are more helpful in explaining species competition and community dynamics.Based on the functional groups of plant growth type,carbon metabolism pathway,root type and phylogenetic type,we analyzed characteristics of leaf N/P ratios of 77 species in Sanggendalai(typical grassland zone)of Zhenglan Banner,Inner Mongolia,China and 91 species in the Habahu National Nature Reserve(desertified grassland zone)in Yanchi County of Ningxia,China.The results show that the N/P ratio(16.91)of C3 plants in the desertified steppe was significantly larger than that(12.72)in the typical steppe,but there was no significant difference between the N/P ratios of C4 plants in the two zones.There was no significant difference in N/P ratios between C3 plants and C4 plants in the same zone.Similarly,the N/P ratio(16.60)of dicotyledons in desertified steppe were significantly higher than that(12.98)in typical steppe,while differences in N/P ratios between monocotyledonous plants of the two zones was not significant,and there existed no significant difference in N/P ratios between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants in the same zone.The N/P ratio had significant difference between gramineous and non-gramineous plants in the typical steppe but not in the desertified steppe,but there existed no significant difference in N/P ratios among different root types of perennial herbaceous plants in the same type of steppe or between two types of steppe.Thus,different features on the N/P ratios of C3 plants and dicotyledonous plants between typical steppe and desertified steppe may lead to different growth status of plants,and the N/P ratio stoichiometric of the same plant functional group may be a foundation of the changes of a plant community.

Study of crustal thickness and poisson's ratio of the south of Erenhot area by teleseismic receiver function

The Xing’an Mongolian Orogenic Belt(XMOB) and the northern margin of North China Craton(NCC) have undergone multistage tectonic superimposition and the tectonic evolution is extremely complicated. We collect the teleseismic data of 44 temporary broadband seismic stations deployed in the XMOB and the northern margin of NCC to calculate the P wave receiver functions. The crustal thickness and average crustal ratio as well as the Poisson’s ratios beneath 33 stations are estimated using the H-κ stacking method. The results show:(1) the crustal thickness of the study area ranges from 38.7 to 42.7 km, with an average thickness of 41.2 km. There is a great difference in crustal thickness on both sides of Solonker suture zone. The characteristics of crustal thickness support the geodynamic model that the Paleo-Asian Ocean subducted and closed at the Solonker suture zone.(2) The Poisson’s ratios in the study area are low, ranging from 0.215 to 0.277, with an average value of 0.243, suggesting that the rock composition of the area is dominated by felsic-acid rocks.(3) There exists a negative correlation between the Poisson’s ratio and the crustal thickness. Combined with the lower values of Poisson’s ratio, we speculate that the delamination is the major mechanism in crustal extension and thinning in the study area.

Pressure-Controlled Inverse Ratio Ventilation during General Anesthesia for Open Abdominal Surgery Improves Postoperative Pulmonary Function

Background: Studies have shown that pressure-controlled ventilation improves alveolar gas distribution. And inverse ratio ventilation has advantages of improving oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. However, the effects that pressure-controlled inverse ration ventilation in patients undergoes endotracheal intubation general anesthesia have not been assessed. Objective: To investigate whether pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PIV) would improve ventilatory and oxygenation parameters as well as lung function compared to conventional ventilation in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery. Interventions: In the conventional ventilation (CV) group, the ventilation strategy involved zero end-expiratory pressure and volume-controlled ventilation. In the pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation (PIV) group, the strategy involved P high starting at 7 cm H2O, P low starting at 4 cm H2O, T high at 4 s, T low at 2 s, and an inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio of 2:1. The ΔP value was adjusted according to VT. Pressure levels were increased by 2 cm H2O until a maximal VT was observed. Inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) was 1.0 and tidal volume (VT) was 6 mL/kg in both groups. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome is pulmonary function tests. Hemodynamic, ventilatory and oxygenation parameters were measured;visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and nausea and vomiting scores were also measured. Results: The PIV group tolerated pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation without significant hemodynamic instability. Mean airway pressure and static compliance were significantly higher in the PIV group than those in CV group (P P 2 h was well tolerated and improved respiratory compliance and lung function on the first postoperative day.

Time-dependent effects of castration on the bladder function and histological changes in the bladder and blood vessels

We examined the effect of androgens on bladder blood flow （BBF）, bladder function and histological changes in castrated male rats. Male Wistar rats were classified into unoperated group （control group）, groups castrated at the age of 8weeks （group 8wPC） and groups castrated at the age of 4weeks （group 4wPC）. Each rat was used at the age of 20weeks. BBF was measured using fluorescent microspheres. Bladder cystometry was performed without anesthesia or restraint; the bladder was first irrigated with saline and then with 0.25% acetic acid （AA） solution. Maximum voiding pressure and voiding interval were measured. The bladder and lilac artery were histologically examined for differences in smooth muscle and quantity of collagen fiber to analyze the effect of castration on the smooth muscle content. No differences were noted in BBF following castration. The voiding intervals for all groups were shortened （P 〈 0.001） following AA irrigation. No significant difference was noted in the maximum voiding pressure. Histological changes were observed in bladder and lilac artery. Smooth muscle/collagen ratio at the bladder was lower in groups 8wPC and 4wPC compared to the control group （P 〈 0.01）, while that at the lilac artery was decreased in group 4wPC compared to the control group （P〈 0.001）. In conclusion, our findings indicate that castration does not alter BBF, but leads to histological changes in the bladder as well as its associated blood vessels.

Nonsaturation Throughput Enhancement of IEEE 802.11b Distributed Coordination Function for Heterogeneous Traffic under Noisy Environment

In this paper, we propose a mechanism named modified backoff （MB） mechanism to decrease the channel idle time in IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function （DCF）. In the noisy channel, when signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is low, applying this mechanism in DCF greatly improves the throughput and lowers the channel idle time. This paper presents an analytical model for the performance study of IEEE 802.11 MB-DCF for nonsaturated heterogeneous traffic in the presence of transmission errors. First, we introduce the MB-DCF and compare its performance to IEEE 802.11 DCF with binary exponential backoff （BEB）. The IEEE 802.11 DCF with BEB mechanism suffers from more channel idle time under low SNR. The MB-DCF ensures high throughput and low packet delay by reducing the channel idle time under the low traffic in the network. However, to the best of the authors＇ knowledge, there are no previous works that enhance the performance of the DCF under imperfect wireless channel. We show through analysis that the proposed mechanism greatly outperforms the original IEEE 802.11 DCF in the imperfect channel condition. The effectiveness of physical and link layer parameters on throughput performance is explored. We also present a throughput investigation of the heterogeneous traffic for different radio conditions.

Increased international normalized ratio level in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with diabetes mellitus

AIM: To determine the association of diabetes mellitus (DM) and international normalized ratio (INR) level in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. METHODS: Our present study included 375 HCC patients who were treated at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health (Beijing, China), in the period from January 2003 to April 2012, and with a hospital discharge diagnosis of HCC. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, metabolic and instrumental features were analyzed. χ2 test, Student's t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences between HCC patients with and without DM. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of DM and INR level in HCC patients. A sub-group analysis was performed to assess the effect of liver cirrhosis or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the results. The Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationship between INR level and fasting glucose. In addition, association between diabetes duration, and diabetes treatment and INR level was determined considering the potentially different effects. RESULTS: Of the total, 63 (16.8%) patients were diabetic (diabetic group) and 312 (83.2%) patients were diagnosed without diabetes (non-diabetic group). Their mean age was 56.4 ± 11.0 years and 312 (83.2%) patients were male. Compared with patients without DM, the HCC patients with diabetes were older (59.5 ± 10.3 vs 55.8 ± 11.1, P=0.015), had a lower incidence of HBV infection (79.4% vs 89.1%, P=0.033), had increased levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (133 ± 17 vs 129 ± 16 mmHg, P=0.048) and INR (1.31 ± 0.44 vs 1.18 ± 0.21, P=0.001), had lower values of hemoglobin (124.4 ± 23.9 vs 134.2 ± 23.4, P=0.003) and had a platelet count (median/interquartile-range: 113/64-157 vs 139/89-192, P=0.020). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentages of males, overweight or obesity, drinking, smoking, cirrhosis and Child classification. After controlling for the confounding effects of age, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, platelet count and HBV infection by logistic analyses, INR was shown as an independent variable [odds ratio (OR)=3.650; 95%CI: 1.372-9.714, P=0.010]. Considering the effect of liver cirrhosis on results, a sub-group analysis was performed and the study population was restricted to those patients with cirrhosis. Univariate analysis showed that diabetic patients had a higher INR than non-diabetic patients (1.43 ± 0.51 vs 1.25 ± 0.23, P=0.041). After controlling for confounding effect of age, SBP, hemoglobin, platelet count and HBV infection by logistic analyses, INR level remained as the sole independent variable (OR=5.161; 95%CI: 1.618-16.455, P=0.006). No significant difference in the relationship between INR level and fasting glucose was shown by Pearson test (r=0.070, P=0.184). Among the 63 diabetic patients, 35 (55.6%) patients had been diagnosed with DM for more than 5 years, 23 (36.5%) received oral anti-diabetic regimens, 11 (17.5%) received insulin, and 30 (47.6%) reported relying on diet alone to control serum glucose levels. No significant differences were found for the association between DM duration/treatment and INR level, except for the age at diabetes diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The INR level was increased in HCC patients with DM and these patients should be monitored for the coagulation function in clinical practice.

Distributions of Ratios: From Random Variables to Random Matrices

The ratio R of two random quantities is frequently encountered in probability and statistics. But while for unidimensional statistical variables the distribution of R can be computed relatively easily, for symmetric positive definite random matrices, this ratio can take various forms and its distribution, and even its definition, can offer many challenges. However, for the distribution of its determinant, Meijer G-function often provides an effective analytic and computational tool, applicable at any division level, because of its reproductive property.

Preliminary analysis of teleseismic receiver functions of the Ningxia and its adjacent area

The teleseismic receiver functions of digital seismic network of Ningxia and its adjacent area are calculated with two different Gauss filter factors. The accuracy and stability of the receiver functions are discussed. The h-k stacking method is applied to estimate the crustal thickness and velocity ratio beneath seismic stations. The results indicate that there are sharp changes of crustal thickness and velocity ratio in the studied region. This region is located in the northeastern margin of Tibet, and also a junction of several first-grade blocks. The large contrast of crustal structure in this region is considered to be resulted from the interaction of these blocks. Our results are helpful to construct the completed model of the formation and evolution of the Tibet. Some local structures are also discussed combining with the geological faults.

Role-based approaches for operational task-resource flexible matching model and algorithm

In order to solve the problem that previous relation researches in operational task-resource matching are hard to flexible computing for generating a new matching scheme from the existing scheme under the condition of operational tasks or resources adjusted in uncertainty cases, role-based approaches to operational task-resource flexible matching model and algorithm are proposed in the paper for flexible matching operational tasks with resources. Firstly, through introducing the concept of roles, the role-based calculation framework of operational task-resource flexible matching is constructed. Secondly, two aspect indexes about resource utilization ratio (RUR) and time utilization ratio (TUR) are given to reflect operational task-resource matching quality (TRMQ), which can be regarded as the objective function for modeling role-based operational task-resource flexible matching mathematical formulation. On the basis of this, the role-based artificial bee colony (RABC) algorithm, including five specific calculating operators, is put forward for solving the flexible matching problem with double encoding on operational tasks and resources by roles. Finally, via comparing with the previous methods in application cases, it can be validated that role-based model and proposed algorithm are more effective, which can be used to obtain a new incremental scheme from the existing matching scheme for adopting the operational tasks or resources adjustment. Moreover, there are flexible computation advantages of the approaches proposed in this paper to solve the problem about operational task-resource matching in large-scale. © 1990-2011 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.

Effects of Malonaldehyde Contents in Eschar Extract on Mitochondric Respiratory Function and Energization of the Inner Membrane

Extract of the eschar tissue taken from the rat which had been given full-thickness burn of20% TBSA was found to be inhibitory to the respiratory function of the mitochondria and theenergization of the inner membrane. The inhibition was also demonstrated by the 1: 2 and 1: 4and 1: 8 dilutions of the eschar extract. The extract of normal skin only showed weak inhibitory cf-fect. The 1: 4 dilution of normal skin had no (?) on mitochondrial functions. There is a widegap between the malonaldehyde (MDA) contents of these two kinds of extracts. An apparent posi-tive correlation was found between MDA content and degree of inhibition. However, on close ex-amination, it was found that the MDA content is not the direct cause of the decrease of therespiratory control ratio (RCR). The increase of MDA content is probably related to the destruc-tion of the lipid bilayer of the mitochondria. Data from the energization experiment show that theenergization process is compromised when the destruction of the membrane has proceeded to a cer-tain degrce. The inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory function becomes evident when encrgizationfunction is still normal. Therefore at least two mechanisms are operating in the inhibition process.Further work is needed to elucidate the problem.

Temporal variation of noise correlation function(NCF) in Beijing and surroundings:Its relation with climate events and implications

Noise correlation function （NCF） was calculated using the data of the Beijing Capital-Area Telemetered Digital Seismograph Network from June 12 to September 12, 2005. Signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is used to characterize the quality of NCF at each station pair. The SNR （in dB） is shown to be dependent on the separation distance R of the station pair via SNR= A -BlogR. ＇Normalized average SNR＇ for all the station pairs can then be calculated, as represented by the value of SNR taking R = 250 km in the empirical SNR-R relation, to measure the overall quality of the NCF result. The ＇normalized average SNR＇ of the NCF shows temporal variation and is apparently dependent on the root-mean-square （RMS） velocity of the microseism. The result obtained by this experiment provides clues to the explanation of the properties of NCF, such as the dominant mechanism underlying （diffuse wave fields or uncorrelated sources）, and the dependence of SNR on the time length of recordings.

Characterization of the Crustal Thickness and Poisson's Ratio of the Binchuan Region

This paper presents the changes of crust thickness and Poisson＇s ratios distribution in the Binchuan region, where the first air-gun transmitting station and it＇s a small dense array were deployed. From September 2011 to January 2014, more than 239 teleseismic events of M≥ 6.0 were recorded in 16 stations in the Binchuan region. Their P-wave receiver functions were analyzed respectively. The high spatial resolution result shows that the average crust thickness of Binchuan region is 45.3km, it follows the rule of ＂deeper in the north and east part, shallower in the south and west part. ＂ The deepest region is in Xiaoyindian Station; the crust thickness is 47.9km; the shallowest region is in Paiying Station, it has the thickness of 42. lkm. It shows that the deeper Moho surface nearby the Chenghai fault and shallower nearby the Honghe fault; the isoline distribution of thickness changes greatly nearby the Chenghai fault and slowly nearby the Honghe fault. From the distribution of Poisson＇s ratios, it is unevenly in the study area with a great difference from the north part to the south part, which shows a characteristic of ＂lower in the north, higher in the south＂. The Poisson＇s ratio nearby the Honghe fault is medium too high （ 0. 26 ≤ σ≤0. 29 ） ; lower nearby the Chenghai fault （ ≤0. 26）. This paper concludes the possible reason of different characteristic between Poisson＇s ratio and crust thickness is thicker in the upper crust in the Binchuan region.

The Crustal Thickness and Poissons Ratio Distribution in Guangdong and Its Adjacent Areas

Based on the teleseismic waveform data recorded by 82 permanent broadband stations in Guangdong Province and its adjacent areas including Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan, we calculate body wave receiver functions under all stations, and obtain the crustal thickness and average Poisson＇s ratio beneath all stations by the H-K stacking-search method of receiver function. The results show that the crustal thickness with an average thickness of 29. 5km in Guangdong Province and its adjacent areas ranges between 26. 8km and 33. 6kin and gradually thins from northwest to southeast. The crustal thickness in the Zhujiang Delta, western Guangdong, Nanning and Nan＇ao areas is relatively thinner and ranges between 25. 0km and 28. 0km. The minimum crustal thickness is about 26km beneath Wengtian, Hainan and the Zhanjiang zone and Shangchuan Island in Guangdong. The crustal thickness in the zones of Mingxi, Fujian and Yongzhou, Hunan is thicker and varies between 31.0km and 34.0km. The distribution of Poisson＇s ratio in our study region ranges between 0.20 and 0. 29. Poisson＇s ratios in Southeast Hainan, the coastal areas of East Guangdong and West Fujian and the South Jiangxi have distinctly higher values than in others. It suggests that the various geothermal fields located in these areas have high heat flow values. The distribution of crustal thickness and Poisson＇s ratio has an obvious block feature and may be related to the distribution of faults and historical earthquakes.

Crustal thickness and v_P/v_S ratio in Shanxi Graben, China

Shanxi Graben is in the middle part of the North China Craton, from south to north. With the teleseismic data recorded by Regional Seismograph Networks and the temporary ZBnet-W Seismic Array around east part of Shanxi Graben, we measured the crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio beneath each station using the H-K stack of receiver functions. The observed crustal thickness shows obvious lateral variation, increasing gradually from east to west in the Shanxi Graben. Beneath the Shanxi Graben the crust is relatively thicker than both sides of the south and the north. In addition, the Vp/Vs ratio in the north of study zone is higher than that in the south. The highest Vp/Vs ratio exists in the crust of the Xinding basin and the Datong basin. Our study also suggests that high velocity ratio might result from the strong activities of the magmation and volcanism.

基于响应面回归模型的纤维混凝土力学性能分析

为研究玄武岩纤维和纤维素纤维掺量对混杂纤维轻骨料高强混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响,构建响应面回归模型,对比分析其力学试验实测值和预测值,并结合渴求函数获得混凝土优化配合比.结果表明:此回归模型有效且可信度高,可用于分析试验结果;两种纤维交互作用、水灰比与纤维素纤维交互作用对抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度影响显著;模型预测最优水灰比为0.30,纤维素纤维掺量为0.90 kg/m3,玄武岩纤维掺量为4.00 kg/m3,强度预测值与试验值间相对误差绝对值均小于5%,该回归模型可为混杂纤维轻骨料高强混凝土的配合比多目标优化提供参考.

Effect of Early Intensive Insulin Therapy on Immune Function of Aged Patients with Severe Trauma

This study examined the effect of intensive insulin therapy on immune function and inflammatory factors at the early phase after severe trauma. At day 1, 3, 5, 7 after admission, subsets of CD4＋ helper T lymphocytes （Th1/Th2） and human leukocyte antigen （HLA）-DR expression on CD14＋ monocytes were flow cytometrically measured. Levels of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, interleukin-10 （IL-10） and other immunity markers, such as IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4 and C reaction protein （CRP） were examined in two groups. The results showed that TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP levels in the intensive insulin therapy group were significantly lower than those in the conventional therapy group, whereas IL-10 levels were substantially increased after intensive insulin therapy. C3 level at day 3, 5, 7 and C4 levels at day 5, 7 were lower in the intensive therapy group than in the conventional therapy group. Th1/Th2 ratios decreased gradually over time in both groups, and were much lower at day 3, 5, 7 in intensive therapy group. There were significant differences among day 3 to day 7 after admission in HLA-DR expression in CD14＋ monocytes. It was concluded that the intensive insulin therapy could decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines in the elderly suffering from severe trauma, at the same time, with complement recovery being delayed. Moreover, intensive insulin therapy promoted immune suppression and, therefore, measures need be taken to address the issue.