Influence of ecological function protection zone on the water conservation in Gansu-Qinghai Contiguous Region of the upper Yellow River

The implementation of Ecological Function Protection Zone(EFPZ)policy is significant for the ecological restoration and conservation of soil and water in the territory space.This manuscript analyzed and quantified the impact of EFPZ on the regional water conservation function,based on land use data from 2005,2008,2010,2015 and 2020,by conducting a counterfactual simulation along with the GeoSOS-FLUS model and the InVEST model.The results demonstrate that the delineation of EFPZ can significantly influence the water conservation.(1)From 2010 to 2020,as the EFPZ was implemented,the water conservation in the study area was increasing year by year,with a growth rate of 0.03×10^(8) m^(3)∙a^(-1).On the other hand,the simulated water conservation capacity without the implementation of EFPZ decreased year by year,with a decrease rate of 0.01×10^(8) m^(3)∙a^(-1).(2)The EFPZ accounts for only 23%of the total area,but the contribution rate of water conservation reaches 80%.The actual values of water conservation and average water yield per unit pixel in the EFPZ show an increasing trend both internally and externally,while the counterfactual simulation values exhibit a decreasing trend.(3)The water conservation is much higher within the EFPZ than without EFPZ.The implementation of EFPZ has a significant effect on the improvement of the water conservation capacity in Maqu EFPZ and Yellow River Source EFPZ.The protection effectiveness should be enhanced in Qilian Mountain EFPZ and afforestation activities need to be carefully considered in Loess Plateau EFPZ.

Comparative study of functional optical zone:small incision lenticule extraction versus femtosecond laser assisted excimer laser keratomileusis

AIM:To investigate the size of functional optical zone(FOZ)after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)versus femtosecond laser assisted excimer laser keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for myopia correction and potential associated factors for FOZ.METHODS:A total of 133 patients who received corneal refractive surgery in our hospital between November 2018 and July 2021 were retrospectively enrolled.There were 63 patients(123 eyes)in SMILE group and 70patients(139 eyes)in FS-LASIK group.The size of FOZ was measured using Pentacam 3-dementional anterior segment analyzer before and 3mo after surgery,so as to analyze postoperative achieved functional optical zone(AFOZ)and its contributing parameters.RESULTS:When planned functional optical zone(PFOZ)was 6.5 mm for both groups,AFOZ was 1.45±0.27 and 1.67±0.25 mm smaller than preoperative FOZ in SMILE group and FS-LASIK group 3mo after surgery.AFOZ in SMILE group was significantly larger than that in FS-LASIK group(P<0.001).Variation of FOZ was negatively correlated with preoperative spherical equivalent(SE)and positively correlated with variation of mean keratometry value(△Km),variation of spherical aberration(△SA),and variation of Q-value(△Q,all P<0.001)in both groups.Multiple variable linear regression equations were△FOZ=1.354-0.1×pre-SE+0.336×△Q+1.462×△SA in SMILE group and△FOZ=1.512+0.137×△Q+0.468×△SA in FS-LASIK group.CONCLUSION:AFOZ is significantly smaller than preoperative FOZ in both SMILE and FS-LASIK groups.With the same PFOZ,larger AFOZ is achieved in SMILE group than in FS-LASIK group.

Examining the distribution and dynamics of impervious surface in different function zones in Beijing

Impervious surface(IS) is often recognized as the indicator of urban environmental changes. Numerous research efforts have been devoted to studying its spatio-temporal dynamics and ecological effects, especially for the IS in Beijing metropolitan region. However, most previous studies primarily considered the Beijing metropolitan region as a whole without considering the differences and heterogeneity among the function zones. In this study, the subpixel impervious surface results in Beijing within a time series(1991, 2001, 2005, 2011 and 2015) were extracted by means of the classification and regression tree(CART) model combined with change detection models. Then based on the method of standard deviation ellipse, Lorenz curve, contribution index(CI) and landscape metrics, the spatio-temporal dynamics and variations of IS(1991, 2001, 2011 and 2015) in different function zones and districts were analyzed. It is found that the total area of impervious surface in Beijing increased dramatically during the study period, increasing about 144.18%. The deflection angle of major axis of standard deviation ellipse decreased from 47.15° to 38.82°, indicating the major development axis in Beijing gradually moved from northeast-southwest to north-south. Moreover, the heterogeneity of impervious surface’s distribution among 16 districts weakened gradually, but the CI values and landscape metrics in four function zones differed greatly. The urban function extended zone(UFEZ), the main source of the growth of IS in Beijing, had the highest CI values. Its lowest CI value was 1.79 that is still much higher than the highest CI value in other function zones. The core function zone(CFZ), the traditional aggregation zone of impervious surface, had the highest contagion index(CONTAG) values, but it contributed less than UFEZ due to its small area. The CI value of the new urban developed zone(NUDZ) increased rapidly, and it increased from negative to positive and multiplied, becoming animportant contributor to the rise of urban impervious surface. However, the ecological conservation zone(ECZ) had a constant negative contribution all the time, and its CI value decreased gradually. Moreover, the landscape metrics and centroids of impervious surface in different density classes differed greatly. The high-density impervious surface had a more compact configuration and a greater impact on the eco-environment.

Rainfall-runoff risk characteristics of urban function zones in Beijing using the SCS-CN model

Urbanization significantly increases the risk of urban flooding. Therefore, quantitative study of urban rainfall-runoff processes can provide a scientific basis for urban planning and management. In this paper, the built-up region within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing was selected as the study area. The details of land cover and urban function zones(UFZs) were identified using GIS and RS methods. On this basis, the SCS-CN model was adopted to analyze the rainfall-runoff risk characteristics of the study area. The results showed that:(1) UFZs within different levels of runoff risk varied under different rainfall conditions. The area ratio of the UFZs with high runoff risk increased from 18.90%(for rainfall return period of 1 a) to 54.74%(for period of 100 a). Specifically, urban commercial areas tended to have the highest runoff risk, while urban greening spaces had the lowest.(2) The spatial characteristics of the runoff risks showed an obvious circular distribution. Spatial cluster areas with high runoff risk were mainly concentrated in the center of the study area, while those with low runoff risk were mainly distributed between the fourth and fifth ring roads. The results indicated that the spatial clustering characteristic of urban runoff risk and runoff heterogeneity among different UFZs should be fully considered during urban rainwater management.

Major Function Oriented Zone: New Method of Spatial Regulation for Reshaping Regional Development Pattern in China

Newest planning methods implemented by Chinese government are promoting a coordinated regional development and shaping an orderly spatial structure by applying the regulation of territorial function. This article analyzes the problems of spatial planning and regional strategy caused by the wrongly-set primary goal of economic development; it states that the three-fold objective of competitiveness, sustainability, and welfare fairness shall be the principal for China to implement the spatial regulation in the new era; it discusses about theoretical thoughts and technology framework of conducting the ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ based on their different major functions that each region plays in urbanization and industrialization, ecological constructions, grain productions, and protection of natural and cultural heritages; it introduces the new concept of ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ that include the major functions category, the stereo regional equilibrium mode, the two-level zoning specification, and the territorial development intensity; it offers a zoning scheme that defines development-optimized and development-prioritized zones as regions with massive urbanization and industrialization, development-restricted zones as ecological constructing or grain producing regions, development-prohibited zones as natural and cultural heritage protecting regions; and finally it addresses the main obstacle for implementing ′Major Function Oriented Zone′, which is the institutional arrangement of the supreme goal of high GDP growth rate that is currently being implemented.

Functional regionalization with the restriction of ecological shelter zones： A case of Zhaotong in Yunnan

Ecological shelter zones reconstruction is an ecosystem restoration and conservation project aimed to the ecological safety of nations, regions and basins. Reconstruction of ecological shelter zones of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River became one of the most important tasks of Western Development strategy. This article, taking Zhaotong as an example, studies the functional regionalization of ecological shelter zones. The study supplies a case for functional regionalization of small and medium regions whose main tasks are environment reservation. With the guidance of theories of functional regionalization, and based on the analysis of Zhaotong＇s natural, ecological and socioeconomic factors, the paper suggests five principles for factors selection. These principles include： （1） reversing order evaluation; （2） selecting main factors; （3） keeping the integrality of administrative regions of towns; and （4） making the products acceptable by local government. To analyze spatial status of selected factors, LUCC data in 2002, 1：50,000 relief maps and town-unit socioeconomic statistical data in 2004 are used. RS and GIS tools are also applied to melt traditional and modern geographical methods. This would be useful to functional regionalization research in mountainous areas. As a conclusion, the leading functional regions of ecological conservation or economic development are suggested, respectively. Zhaotong city is divided into two-level functional regions. The first-level includes three leading functional regions and they will lead developing direction of sub-regions. The second-level includes eight sub-regions, which are policy implemented regions, and will supply guidance to Zhaotong＇s ecological shelter zones reconstruction.

Adult neural stem cell dysfunction in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle leads to diabetic olfactory defects

Sensitive smell discrimination is based on structural plasticity of the olfactory bulb,which depends on migration and integration of newborn neurons from the subventricular zone.In this study,we examined the relationship between neural stem cell status in the subventricular zone and olfactory function in rats with diabetes mellitus.Streptozotocin was injected through the femoral vein to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus in Sprague-Dawley rats.Two months after injection,olfactory sensitivity was decreased in diabetic rats.Meanwhile,the number of Brd U-positive and Brd U＋/DCX＋double-labeled cells was lower in the subventricular zone of diabetic rats compared with agematched normal rats.Western blot results revealed downregulated expression of insulin receptorβ,phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β,and β-catenin in the subventricular zone of diabetic rats.Altogether,these results indicate that diabetes mellitus causes insulin deficiency,which negatively regulates glycogen synthase kinase 3β and enhances β-catenin degradation,with these changes inhibiting neural stem cell proliferation.Further,these signaling pathways affect proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone.Dysfunction of subventricular zone neural stem cells causes a decline in olfactory bulb structural plasticity and impairs olfactory sensitivity in diabetic rats.

Delimitation of Grain Production Functional Zones:An Empirical Analysis of Fangzi District in Weifang City

To solve some unreasonable problems in the acceptance process of the delimitation project of grain production functional zones,the acceptance results of grain production functional zones in Fangzi District,Weifang City were elaborated from the aspects of the third party organization,inspectors,expert group,acceptance criteria,acceptance method,acceptance contents,etc.,and the overall performance of the project was reviewed.The problems that need to be rectified during the implementation of the project were put forward,and the irrationality of the acceptance and the places that need to be improved were pointed out,which would provide a better guiding value for the delimitation of grain production functional zone and the acceptance and performance evaluation of similar projects.

Thickness Variations in the Lithospheric Mantle and the Low Velocity Zone of the Adamawa Plateau (Cameroon) from Teleseismic Receiver Functions

Teleseismic events recorded by stations located in the Adamawa Plateau have been treated using the inversion method of receiver functions. These six stations are part of a network of 32 large strip seismic stations installed in Cameroon between 2005 and 2007. This method allowed us to investigate the lithospheric mantle in that region. The results obtained from the velocity model have been compared to some existing results in this region. These results show the existence of a thick crust having an average thickness of about 35.2 km and a corresponding S wave velocity of 3.7 km/s. For an average S wave velocity of 4.4 km/s the lithospheric mantle appears to be thin in nature and has a thickness that varies from 39 km and 49.6 km. Beyond the lower lithospheric mantle, there exists a low velocity zone, whose thickness varies between 20 km and 43.9 km. The variation of the low velocity zone leads to variation of the lower boundary of the lithospheric mantle boundary at the depths ranging from 73.8 km and 85 km.

聊城市农田土壤污染评价及农业功能分区

为探索聊城市农田土壤污染状况及农业功能分区,以2017~2020年采集的74个表层土样为研究对象,测定了8种重金属元素(Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn和Ni)、BHC_(s)、DDT_(s)和BaP的含量。依据《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》和《绿色食品产地环境质量》作为评价标准,采用污染指数法开展了土壤环境质量评价和农业功能分区研究。采用ANOVA和LSD多重比较,确定了污染物的空间分布差异及其来源。依据山东省土壤背景值进行了重金属潜在生态风险评价。结果表明,除3个DDTs污染样点和1个Cd污染样点外,其他样点均处于清洁水平。在空间分布上,DDTs和Cr含量存在极显著差异,BaP和Hg存在显著差异。农业功能分区结果表明,绿色食品种植区、无公害食品种植区、观察种植区和污染区面积分别占研究区总面积的78.13%、9.45%、6.52%和5.90%。土壤环境生态风险水平以轻微为主,占总面积的77.03%。Hg和Cd在生态风险评估中占有较大比率,应高度警惕和严格监管。

涉海详细规划的主要职能与编制思路

涉海详细规划作为详细规划的重要组成部分,能够深化国土空间总体规划和专项规划各项要求、统筹规划与设计,为海洋空间用途管制提供依据,并助推立体用海发展。结合国内外涉海详细规划研究进展,探索涉海详细规划编制技术路线,提出编制重点区域为海洋保护区、重点开发利用区和海岸带区域,建立三级分区分类体系并进行相邻功能区和用海活动兼容性分析,从生态保护修复、海洋开发利用、陆域开发利用、人居环境提升、市政服务设施建设等角度构建规划管控指标体系,以期为涉海详细规划编制与实施工作提供参考。

《海警法》中的“我国管辖海域”释义

我国《海警法》使用“我国管辖海域”来界定自身的地域适用范围。此法未定义“我国管辖海域”,该用语的内涵和外延在国际法和国内法上不清。依照《联合国海洋法公约》及我国相关国内法,“我国管辖海域”中的“海域”包括内水、领海、毗连区、专属经济区、大陆架及我国管辖和主张管辖的其他海域,有关海域的界限和边界由我国的基线、各海域的外部界限、已划定的海洋边界、我国主张的海洋权利以及我国缔结或加入的条约确定。海警机构在我国管辖海域划定海上临时警戒区应满足特定条件、依循相关程序。海警机构有权对违反我国相关法律和规章的外国军用船舶和非商业目的的政府船舶采取必要强制措施。

基于多模型和权衡矩阵法的乡村生态-游憩景观安全格局重构

【目的】乡村旅游地的突出矛盾是人类旅游活动对生态环境的干扰,景观规划时需要权衡游憩功能与生态功能。探究乡村生态-游憩景观安全格局(landscape security pattern, LSP)重构路径,旨在促进乡村旅游与生态环境和谐、可持续发展,为乡村旅游地景观规划提供参考思路。【方法】以江苏省无锡市马山为例,综合运用InVEST、ArcSWAT、最小累积阻力(minimum cumulative resistance, MCR)多模型,分别模拟生态、游憩空间格局以及生态、游憩廊道,并划分景观单元;基于“权衡矩阵法”,比较各单元生态、游憩功能重要性,实现景观功能分区,识别权衡问题突出的区域及战略点,进而为各类景观功能区提出针对性的规划、建设及管控策略。【结果】将马山景观功能区划分为生态核心区、生态重要区、生态-游憩重点权衡区、生态-游憩次级权衡区、游憩核心区、游憩重要区、游憩协调区及弹性发展区8类,构建生态-游憩景观网络并识别出32处战略点。【结论】重构乡村生态-游憩LSP有利于区分不同类型景观功能区的建设侧重点与优先级,科学、精细化地管理、利用乡村景观资源,促进多功能景观的协调与增效。

贝叶斯优化模糊聚类地级行政区声环境

声环境功能区划是噪声污染管理的重要手段。当前声环境功能区划研究大多是基于某个特定的地级行政区来进行的,难以反映各地级行政区声环境的异同。该文基于134个地级行政区的人口、面积、各声环境功能区面积和及面积占比,进行地级行政区声环境表征和归一化处理。以轮廓系数作为聚类有效性评价指标,基于贝叶斯优化模糊聚类方法对地级行政区声环境表征进行聚类分析。通过与谱聚类、K-medoids聚类、高斯混合模型聚类的聚类性能对比,验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明,我国地级行政区声环境分为9类,城市规模和用地情况发生显著变化导致其声环境表征和归类发生变化后应重新评估当前噪声污染管理政策,并借鉴同类的地级行政区的噪声污染管理政策做出必要的调整。

城市功能区夜间光环境差异性分析

由于城市环境的复杂性,城市内的各功能区在环境、需求等方面存在着显著差异。夜间光环境在城市环境中占据重要地位,其特征对城市空间的规划、设计和管理至关重要。深入研究不同功能区夜间光环境的特点有助于全面了解城市在夜晚的特征与需求,为提升城市整体质量和可持续性提供了重要的参考依据。本研究针对六个具有代表性的城市功能区展开了夜间光环境的实地测量。通过绘制各功能区的夜间照明分布图,并对不同参数和多视角的照明数据进行了综合分析比较,揭示了这些功能区在夜间照明方面的显著差异。通过深入研究夜间照明特征,不仅为城市规划和设计提供了具体的数据支持,也为夜间照明管理策略的制定提供了理论依据。

Runoff separation and eco-hydrological function in the typical landscape zones combining hydrochemical and isotopic tracers:a review

The study on the coupling relationship and hydrology mechanism between ecosystem and hydrological process in a basin has recently become the international research frontier in hydrology.Runoff separation is still an important subject and possibly cutting edge process in hydrology.This paper summarizes the progress of national and international research,and comments on the advantages and disadvantages of recent,diverse base flow separation methods.This paper also presents research on hydrological process and eco-hydrological function in different landscape zones,combining isotopic technology with hydrochemical methods.Based on the runoff separation of different water bodies,this paper probes into the coupling relationship and hydrology mechanism between ecosystem pattern and eco-hydrological process,and makes analysis on water conservation,regulation and storage mechanism,and eco-hydrological function in different landscape zones.This report also examines future trends in research on hydrological process and eco-hydrological function in mountainous areas.

钢铁物流中心平面布局研究

钢铁物流中心将物流的各个环节连接在一起,科学合理地布局钢铁物流中心,对于促进物流中心内各项物流活动高效运作、降低物流成本、提升物流服务质量具有重要意义。结合钢铁物流的特点,研究了钢铁物流中心的功能分区和作业流程,提出适合钢铁物流中心平面布局的原则。根据铁路装卸线是否进入仓库,以及库内桥吊与铁路装卸线的相对关系不同,研究了铁路布置在库外和库内、桥吊垂直和平行铁路布置等4种平面布局方案,并给出了不同布局方案的适用场景。最后结合长沙北货场钢铁物流中心实例,对钢铁物流中心平面布局进行说明,对钢铁物流中心的规划和设计具有一定的参考意义。

基于RSEI与FAI模型的浙江千岛湖乡村岸水协同修复与生态功能区划研究

千岛湖是截蓄新安江水流而成的山地型人工湖泊,陆域水土流失与水域富营养化问题是导致库区整体生态环境质量下降的两大关键性因素。选取千岛湖人类活动最为频繁的40个河口村镇作为研究对象,聚焦98~118m高程的岸水交接地带,基于水陆耦合协调的视角,探究该地带在生态过程中水土流失与水体富营养化问题的岸水协同生态修复治理方案,旨在解决“岸水空间生态功能区划如何兼顾应对陆域水土流失与水域富营养化两方面生态风险”的关键性水生态修复问题,建立水体治理的长效机制。根据千岛湖正常高水位,以108~118m高程为陆域范围,以98~108m高程为水域范围,基于研究区域的landsat8卫星遥感数据,运用RSEI模型评价陆域水土流失状况,运用FAI模型评价水域富营养化状况,二者耦合协调分析获得水陆生态环境质量的耦合协调发展水平,据此研判关键性水生态问题并分区提出岸水协同生态修复治理措施。结果表明,中度失调河口2个,轻度失调河口2个,濒临失调河口1个,勉强协调河口5个,初级协调河口10个,中级协调河口9个,良好协调河口11个;根据耦合协调发展水平将40个河口村镇划分为三级生态功能区,其中一级生态功能区重点强化治污措施、二级生态功能区重点提高生态韧性、三级生态功能区重点促进价值转换。

论海洋自然保护地分类分区管控的中国方案

海洋自然保护地分类分区管控既有空间规划的自然科学依据,又有区域治理的社会科学依据,且与精细化建设之间具有手段与目的的关系。分类施策、分区治理,精细化建设,是我国海洋自然保护地分类分区管控的改革方向。海洋自然保护地分类分区管控以新型海洋自然保护区制度、海洋公园制度接替海洋特别保护区制度,与国土空间规划制度、生态保护红线制度等衔接,并将生态功能保护区作为我国新时代自然保护地体系中的类型之一。分类分区管控基于陆海统筹战略提出分区差异化管控、精细化建设的中国方案,并通过完善立法保障其实现。

大凉山地区不同马铃薯品种产量和营养品质的综合评价

为筛选出适宜四川大凉山地区种植的马铃薯品种,对14个马铃薯品种的12个产量与营养品质指标进行测定,并结合主成分分析、隶属函数法、系统聚类分析对马铃薯产量和品质表现进行综合评价。结果表明,单株结薯数、单薯鲜质量、单株块茎鲜质量、单产、还原糖含量的变异系数均超过30%;单株块茎鲜质量与单薯鲜质量、单产和蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,干物质含量与淀粉含量、蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,单薯鲜质量与VC含量、锌含量呈显著负相关,蛋白质含量与钾含量呈极显著负相关;主成分分析结果表明,12个指标可用4个主成分来表示,方差累积贡献率达到86.040%。进一步采用隶属函数法和系统聚类分析将14个品种分为3类,筛选出6个综合表现较优的品种,分别为川凉薯10号、青薯9号、川芋50、川凉芋13、云薯108、川芋22号。