We have applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to the human forehead to distinguish different levels of mental workload on the basis of hemodynamic changes occurring in the prefrontal cortex.We report dat...We have applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to the human forehead to distinguish different levels of mental workload on the basis of hemodynamic changes occurring in the prefrontal cortex.We report data on 3 subjects from a protocol involving 3 mental workload levels based on to working memory tasks.To quantify the potential of fNIRS for mental workload discrimination,we have applied a 3-nearest neighbor classification algorithm based on the amplitude of oxyhemoglobin(HbO2)and deoxyhemoglobin(HbR)concentration changes associated with the working memory tasks.We have found classification success rates in the range of 44%-72%,which are significantly higher than the corresponding chance level(for random data)of 19.1%.This work shows the potential of fNIRS for mental workload classification,especially when more parameters(rather than just the amplitude of concentration changes used here)and more sophisticated classification algorithms(rather than the simple 3-nearest neighbor algorithm used here)are considered and optimized for this application.展开更多
Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal d...Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges.Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice.An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tra ctography,diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography,fiber ball imagingbased tra ctography,electroencephalography,functional magnetic resonance imaging,magnetoencephalography,positron emission tomography,molecular imaging,and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks.In this review,we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy,and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and clinical application ranges of each technique.A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies,new data analysis software,a combination of multiple techniques,and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.展开更多
A novel approach to image hemoglobin concentration（△Dhb） and oxygen saturation （△Doxy） of breast tissue is presented. The scenograph of dual-wavelength （760 and 850 nm） near infrared lights through breast tiss...A novel approach to image hemoglobin concentration（△Dhb） and oxygen saturation （△Doxy） of breast tissue is presented. The scenograph of dual-wavelength （760 and 850 nm） near infrared lights through breast tissue is acquired by high sensitive charge coupled device （CCD） camera. The evaluation criterion of the difference of △Dhh and △Doxy between detected and referenced breast tissue can be obtained by a calculation formula without complicate caculation. This approach is applied to clinic detection in breast tissue. The ongoing clinical experiments indicate that malignant tumor usually exhibits characterize of ＂higher △Dhb and lower △Doxy＂, while benign lesion often shows ＂lower △Dhb and higher △Doxy＂ or other characters. So it is useful to assist the diagnosis of breast disease.展开更多
Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has been established as an important and effective treatment for various psychiatric disorders.However,its effectiveness has likely been limited due to the dearth of neuronavigati...Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has been established as an important and effective treatment for various psychiatric disorders.However,its effectiveness has likely been limited due to the dearth of neuronavigational tools for targeting purposes,unclear ideal stimulation parameters,and a lack of knowledge regarding the physiological response of the brain to TMS in each psychiatric condition.Modern optical imaging modalities,such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse optical tomography,are promising tools for the study of TMS optimization and functional targeting in psychiatric disorders.They possess a unique combination of high spatial and temporal resolutions,portability,real-time capability,and relatively low costs.In this mini-review,we discuss the advent of optical imaging techniques and their innovative use in several psychiatric conditions including depression,panic disorder,phobias,and eating disorders.With further investment and research in the development of these optical imaging approaches,their potential will be paramount for the advancement of TMS treatment protocols in psychiatry.展开更多
Compared with event-related potential(ERP)which is widely used in psychology research,functional near-infrared imaging(fNIRI)is a new technique providing hemodynamic information related to brain activity,except for el...Compared with event-related potential(ERP)which is widely used in psychology research,functional near-infrared imaging(fNIRI)is a new technique providing hemodynamic information related to brain activity,except for electrophysiological signals.Here,we use both these techniques to study ocular attention.We conducted a series of experiments with a classic paradigm of ocular nonselective attention,and monitored responses with fNIRI and ERP respectively.The results showed that fNIRI measured brain activations in the left prefrontal lobe,while ERPs showed activation in frontal lobe.More importantly,only with the combination measurements of fNIRI and ERP,we were then able to find the pinpoint source of ocular nonselective attention,which is in the left and upper corner in Brodmann area 10.These results demonstrated that fNIRI is a reliable technique in psychology,and the combination of fNIRI and ERP can be promising to reveal more information in the research of brain mechanism.展开更多
基金supported by NSF Award IIS-0713506,and NIH Grant DA021817。
文摘We have applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to the human forehead to distinguish different levels of mental workload on the basis of hemodynamic changes occurring in the prefrontal cortex.We report data on 3 subjects from a protocol involving 3 mental workload levels based on to working memory tasks.To quantify the potential of fNIRS for mental workload discrimination,we have applied a 3-nearest neighbor classification algorithm based on the amplitude of oxyhemoglobin(HbO2)and deoxyhemoglobin(HbR)concentration changes associated with the working memory tasks.We have found classification success rates in the range of 44%-72%,which are significantly higher than the corresponding chance level(for random data)of 19.1%.This work shows the potential of fNIRS for mental workload classification,especially when more parameters(rather than just the amplitude of concentration changes used here)and more sophisticated classification algorithms(rather than the simple 3-nearest neighbor algorithm used here)are considered and optimized for this application.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China,Nos.2022NSFSC1545 (to YG),2022NSFSC1387 (to ZF)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China,Nos.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0038,cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0035 (both to XT)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82001378 (to XT)the Joint Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau,No.2023QNXM009 (to XT)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China,No.KJQN202200435 (to XT)the Chongqing Talents:Exceptional Young Talents Project,No.CQYC202005014 (to XT)。
文摘Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges.Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice.An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tra ctography,diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography,fiber ball imagingbased tra ctography,electroencephalography,functional magnetic resonance imaging,magnetoencephalography,positron emission tomography,molecular imaging,and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks.In this review,we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy,and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and clinical application ranges of each technique.A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies,new data analysis software,a combination of multiple techniques,and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.
文摘A novel approach to image hemoglobin concentration（△Dhb） and oxygen saturation （△Doxy） of breast tissue is presented. The scenograph of dual-wavelength （760 and 850 nm） near infrared lights through breast tissue is acquired by high sensitive charge coupled device （CCD） camera. The evaluation criterion of the difference of △Dhh and △Doxy between detected and referenced breast tissue can be obtained by a calculation formula without complicate caculation. This approach is applied to clinic detection in breast tissue. The ongoing clinical experiments indicate that malignant tumor usually exhibits characterize of ＂higher △Dhb and lower △Doxy＂, while benign lesion often shows ＂lower △Dhb and higher △Doxy＂ or other characters. So it is useful to assist the diagnosis of breast disease.
文摘Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has been established as an important and effective treatment for various psychiatric disorders.However,its effectiveness has likely been limited due to the dearth of neuronavigational tools for targeting purposes,unclear ideal stimulation parameters,and a lack of knowledge regarding the physiological response of the brain to TMS in each psychiatric condition.Modern optical imaging modalities,such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse optical tomography,are promising tools for the study of TMS optimization and functional targeting in psychiatric disorders.They possess a unique combination of high spatial and temporal resolutions,portability,real-time capability,and relatively low costs.In this mini-review,we discuss the advent of optical imaging techniques and their innovative use in several psychiatric conditions including depression,panic disorder,phobias,and eating disorders.With further investment and research in the development of these optical imaging approaches,their potential will be paramount for the advancement of TMS treatment protocols in psychiatry.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(grant No.30070261,60025514).
文摘Compared with event-related potential(ERP)which is widely used in psychology research,functional near-infrared imaging(fNIRI)is a new technique providing hemodynamic information related to brain activity,except for electrophysiological signals.Here,we use both these techniques to study ocular attention.We conducted a series of experiments with a classic paradigm of ocular nonselective attention,and monitored responses with fNIRI and ERP respectively.The results showed that fNIRI measured brain activations in the left prefrontal lobe,while ERPs showed activation in frontal lobe.More importantly,only with the combination measurements of fNIRI and ERP,we were then able to find the pinpoint source of ocular nonselective attention,which is in the left and upper corner in Brodmann area 10.These results demonstrated that fNIRI is a reliable technique in psychology,and the combination of fNIRI and ERP can be promising to reveal more information in the research of brain mechanism.
