Function Evolution and Landscape Planning Strategy of Inland Rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo

In the history, the main roles of inland rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo were desalination,blocking tides, shipping, and flood control. Nowadays, with the continuous spread and deepening ofurbanization, the ecological environment of river courses has been destroyed. In the past, remediationmeasures based on engineering and technology played a certain role, but can not “cure the root cause”. Itshould respect the historical evolution process of river courses, and highlight the ecological service functionand leisure tourism value of river courses from the coordination perspective of urban and rural ecologicalenvironment, economic industries, society and culture in the planning ideas of ecology, production, andlife integration. Four aspects of the measures are as below: protecting and repairing the ecological matrixof river courses;building green space system and maintaining flood control functions through the waternetwork;protecting cultural heritage along the rivers;developing waterfront leisure tourism scenic area.

Alternative Approach to Time Evaluation of Schrodinger Wave Functions

Time evaluation of wave functions for any quantum mechanical system/particle is essential nevertheless quantum mechanical counterpart of the time dependant classical wave equation does simply not appear. Epistemologically and ontologically considered time dependant momentum operator is initially defined and an Alternative Time Dependant Schrodinger Wave Equation (ATDSWE) is plainly derived. Consequent equation is primarily solved for the free particles, in a closed system, signifying a good agreement with the outcomes of the ordinary TDSWE. Free particle solution interestingly goes further possibly tracing some signs of new pathways to resolve the mysterious quantum world.

Pattern and Significance of Seedling Development in Titanotrichum oldhamii (Gesneriaceae)

The seedling development of Titanotrichum oldhamii (Hemsl.) Solereder has been investigated to provide insight into the evolution and systematic position of Titanotrichum. In T. oldhamii, the size differentiation of the two cotyledons begins while the hypocotyl grows. However, both of the two cotyledons develop normally and locate at the same level. Finally, the two cotyledons are almost equal in size. The aerial shoot (including stem and leaves) is produced from the permanent activity of the apical meristem in the plumular bud. Even though the seedling development in Titanotrichum basically conforms to the general growth pattern of the seedling in the Cyrtandroideae, it is remarkably different from that of other Cyrtandroideae. Based on the revealed evidence in seedling development in Titanotrichum and other comparative data, the authors have evaluated the possible evolutionary pathway of Titanotrichum and further discussed the familial placement of this genus.

Evolution and restoration of structures and functions of the human central nervous system—A review

Clinical translational science:Clinical translational science(CTS)is a new discipline bridging laboratory discoveries and clinical applications.It is normally funded by research grants instead of investment major pharmaceutical companies.It is patient-and populationor community-oriented.Repair of the human

Dynamic evolution and the mechanism of modern gully agriculture regional function in the Loess Plateau

The agricultural regional type and function are the key theoretical issues in agricultural geography research.Gully agriculture in the Loess Plateau is a new regional type of agricultural system with the coupling development of the modern gully human-earth relationship.The study of its functional changes is of great practical significance for food security,rural revitalization and sustainable development of regional agriculture in the region of interest.This paper analyses the multifunctional change of gully agriculture in the Loess Plateau and its dynamic mechanism by using large-scale remote sensing data,topographic relief amplitude model,and spatial econometric model to understand internal implications for evolution differentiation at the basin level.The results show that:(1)The spatial concentration of production and supply function of agricultural products(APF)in the gully of the Loess Plateau gully is high,while the ecological conservation and maintenance function(ECF),employment and social security function(ESF),cultural heritage and leisure function(CRF)are relatively low.The four functions’spatial distribution has revealed an apparent regularity.(2)APF has been significantly enhanced,which is mainly distributed in point clusters and strips in the farming and pastoral areas in northern Shaanxi to the Yanhe river basin.The high-value areas of ESF are clustered around the urbanized metropolitan circles and urban-rural staggered areas along the Great Wall.ECF is concentrated in areas with significant natural endowments and excellent ecological conditions.CRF is significantly higher in the municipal districts and the surrounding regional central cities.(3)There are noticeable differences in the gully agriculture regional function(GARF)evolution process due to the geographical environment and socio-economic development stages.In this regard,natural factors have tremendously affected APF,ESF,and ECF,while socio-economic factors greatly differ in the four functions.There are still differences in the driving mechanisms of modern gully agriculture evolution types;hence many critical policies in the Loess Plateau can directly affect the function evolution paths.The dynamic evolution of GARF can reflect the general law of rural human-earth system transition in gully areas,thereby providing policy ideas for high-quality development of agriculture in the Loess Plateau.

Evolution characters of water exchange abilities between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River

By using field-survey hydrological data of the related control stations in Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River mainstream in 1951-2010, the evolution characters of water exchange abilities between the two. water bodies and their response to the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR） from different time scales are analyzed based on their hydraulic relations. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, during July-September, the replenishment ability of Three Outlets to Dongting Lake is stronger, and in January-March, the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River is stronger. Secondly, there has been an obvious inter-decadal wave on the water exchange coefficient between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River. In 1951-1958 and 1959-1968, the replenishment ability of Three Outlets to Dongting Lake was stronger, but in 2003-2010, the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River has been strengthened. Thirdly, the spill-division ability of Three Outlets weakens, and the water of Dongting Lake coming from Three Outlets decreases either in typical years or under different dispatching modes of the TGR after the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Furthermore, the water of Dongting Lake coming from Four Rivers takes the dominant position, which obviously enhances the replenishment ability of Dongting Lake to Yangtze River. Fourthly, if the effect of the runoff fluctuation in the basin is not considered, the evolution characters of the exchange capacities and the exchange process between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River in different time scales are generally changed with the variation of the water exchange amount between them, although the factors influencing the water exchange capacities between them is very complex. These show that there is an in-line growth or decline relation between the river-lake water exchange ability and the river-lake water exchange amount.

Cotton functional genomics reveals global insight into genome evolution and fiber development

Due to the economic value of natural textile fiber, cotton has attracted much research attention, which has led to the publication of two diploid genomes and two tetraploid genomes. These big data facilitate functional genomic study in cotton, and allow researchers to investigate cotton genome structure, gene expression, and protein function on the global scale using high-throughput methods. In this review, we summarized recent studies of cotton genomes. Population genomic analyses revealed the domestication history of cultivated upland cotton and the roles of transposable elements in cotton genome evolution.Alternative splicing of cotton transcriptomes was evaluated genome-widely. Several important gene families like MYC, NAC, Sus and GhPLDal were systematically identified and classified based on genetic structure and biological function. High-throughput proteomics also unraveled the key functional proteins correlated with fiber development. Functional genomic studies have provided unprecedented insights into global-scale methods for cotton research.

Functional groups evolution during GBW110031 anthracite combustion based on molecular models construction

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(13)C NMR)techniques were applied to establish the molecular models of anthracite combusted at 490℃ and 690℃(490-C and 690-C).The evolution laws of functional groups were investigated based on the constructed models and quantitative changes calculated by FTIR results.The content of aromatic groups kept decreasing before 500℃;-CH_(3)/-CH_(2)-showed a rising trend during combustion;and the content of oxygen functional groups kept declining before 400℃.The chemical formulas of 490-C and 690-C were C_(217)H_(106)O_(12)N_(2)S_(2) and C_(201)H_(59)O_(8)N_(3)S_(2),respectively.690-C model was more compact than that of original anthracite and 490-C due to the spilt of carbon skeleton and the shedding of aliphatic chains during combustion.Total sulfur content in anthracite showed a sudden rise at 690℃ which could be attributed to the generation of organic thiophene;one more pyrrole in 690-C model resulted from the conversion of pyridine at such high temperature.

In-situ atomic-scale electrically induced ion migration and structural evolution of functional oxides

With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,two original studies by the research group led by Prof.Gu Lin(谷林)and Prof.Zhang Qinghua(张庆华)from the Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences demonstrate the in-situ atomic-scale electrically induced

北方农牧交错带乡村地域功能演化特征及驱动因素

Rural decline is a global issue accompanied by the regional imbalanced development and dysfunction in rural areas.Coordinated interaction among production,living,and ecological functions is essential for the sustainability of rural regional systems.Based on the framework of“element-structure-function”,an indicator system was constructed to explore the evolution characteristics and driving factors of rural regional functions in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China(FPENC)using the models of entropy-based TOPSIS(Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution),revised vertical and horizontal comparison,and GeoDetector.The results indicated a gradual synergy of rural production,living,and ecological functions during the period 2000–2020.Improvements were observed in production and living functions,and higher ecological function was found in Hebei,Inner Mongolia,Liaoning,and Shaanxi.However,conflicts between ecological function and production and living functions were evident in Shanxi,Gansu,and Ningxia.The spatial structure played a dominant role in determining rural production,living,and ecological functions,with ratios of 38%,56%,and 84%,respectively.Land and industry emerged as the main driving factors influencing the evolution of rural regional functions.Notably,combined interactions of rural permanent population and primary industry output(0.73),grassland area and tertiary industry output(0.58),and forest area and tertiary industry output(0.72)were responsible for the changes observed in rural production,living,and ecological functions,respectively.The findings suggest that achieving coordinated development of rural regional functions can be accomplished by establishing differentiated rural sustainable development strategies that consider the coupling of population,land,and industry in FPENC.

EMERGENCE FROM LOCAL EVALUATION FUNCTION

This paper presents a new look on emergence from the aspect of locality andglobality of evaluation functions for solving traditional computer problems. We first translate theConstraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) into the multi-agent system, and then show how a globalsolution emerges from the system in which every agent uses a local evaluation function to decide itsaction, while comparing to other traditional algorithms, such as Local search and SimulatedAnnealing which use global evaluation functions. We also give some computer experimental results onlarge-scale N-queen problems and κ-Coloring problems, and show that emergence only depends onproblem instance, not details of agent settings, i.e. in some CSPs, the system can self-organize toa global solution, but can not in some other CSPs no matter what settings of agents have.

Plant carotenoids: recent advances and future perspectives

Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic organisms.Carotenoids are essential for plants with diverse functions in photosynthesis,photoprotection,pigmentation,phytohormone synthesis,and signaling.They are also critically important for humans as precursors of vitamin A synthesis and as dietary antioxidants.The vital roles of carotenoids to plants and humans have prompted significant progress toward our understanding of carotenoid metabolism and regulation.New regulators and novel roles of carotenoid metabolites are continuously revealed.This review focuses on current status of carotenoid metabolism and highlights recent advances in comprehension of the intrinsic and multi-dimensional regulation of carotenoid accumulation.We also discuss the functional evolution of carotenoids,the agricultural and horticultural application,and some key areas for future research.

Functional diversification and molecular mechanisms of FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 family genes in horticultural plants

Flowering is an important process in higher plants and is regulated by a variety of factors,including light,tempera-ture,and phytohormones.Flowering restriction has a considerable impact on the commodity value and production cost of many horticultural crops.In Arabidopsis,the FT/TFL1 gene family has been shown to integrate signals from vari-ous flowering pathways and to play a key role in the transition from flower production to seed development.Studies in several plant species of the FT/TFL1 gene family have revealed it harbors functional diversity in the regulation of flowering.Here,we review the functional evolution of the FT/TFL1 gene family in horticulture plants and its unique regulatory mechanisms;in addition,the FT/TFL1 family of genes as an important potential breeding target is explored.