澳洲坚果主导品种Own Choice的品种配置研究

为了明确澳洲坚果园主导品种Own Choice(O.C)的最适配置品种,选择HAES863、D、D4、HAES816、HAES906、HAES294、HAES900、A4等8个品种为O.C授粉,统计分析不同授粉处理的着果率、杂交不亲和性程度指数、着果花序率、每果序着果数、落果率、壳果横径等指标。结果表明,以着果率及着果花序率统计的杂交不亲和性程度指数发现,HAES863、D、D4、HAES816、HAES906与O.C的杂交亲和性高于A4、HAES294、HAES900。供试品种处理的着果率与着果花序率之间存在正相关关系,初步推断可使用着果花序率代替着果率评价O.C与不同品种的杂交不亲和性程度;8个授粉处理的平均着果花序率为40.60%,可以此推断O.C与不同授粉品种的田间杂交不亲和性程度。综合分析推断,澳洲坚果主导品种O.C的最适配置品种为HAES863和D4,根据小气候可选择性搭配种植D、HAES906、HAES816。

Modeling the criminal's location choices in urban areas

With the method of dynamic programming, two spatial variables,the expected utility and the probability of success of each crime, are used to model the criminal's location choices in urban areas in this paper.The modeling results show that a criminal optimizes his crime locations according to the expected utility and the success probability during his planned period A criminal usually commits his first offense in the district that has the highest probability of success but a lower expected utility, and commits his last crime in the district where the expected utility is the highest and success probability is lower.If a location has both an expected utility and a higher probability of success, the criminal might commit all his offenses in thes place. The model also suggests that crime prevention measures should be adopted in accordance with local conditions. 'Covering' measures, such as patrolling, should be taken in the poor residential districts or juvenile delinquency districts, while more sophisticated and advanced measures should be introduced in the richer districts or the districts where professional criminals haunt.

Driving factors and the implications of work choices of rural laborers in ecologically vulnerable areas in North China

Using rural survey data for the year 2009,we provide evidence of work choices of rural laborers in ecologically vulnerable areas in North China,and model these choices as a function of characteristics of individuals,households,and land endowments.The findings reveal large differences between males and females,and between non-farm employment and part-time farming engagement Land scarcity is still an important driving factor in non-farming participation of rural laborers in the study area;and in the current case of land productivity and the total amount of land,there are still surplus rural labor forces in the study area.Diversification of livelihood reduces the pressure on land,thus facilitating ecosystem conservation.So,the paper concludes with the argument that establishing coordination mechanisms among non-farm employment of rural laborers,agricultural production,and restoration of ecosystems are essential for mitigating the conflicts of ecological security,agricultural production,and rural development in mis area.

Reproductive health and rights in the COVID-19 era:Why and how are rights and choices still the answer?

Amidst the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the concern over the potential‘baby boom’or‘baby bust’had drawn renewed attention across the globe[1-3].However,historically alarmism over fertility rates gave rise to restrictive and coercive policies with an aim of‘controlling the population’that violated people’s sexual and reproductive health and rights(SRHR).In this perspective,the author argued that whether countries of the world face a COVID-19-induced short-term baby boom or bust,the solution lies in prioritizing the rights and choices of all people,especially their SRHR;not in adopting target-oriented population policies or coercive family planning programs.

Psychological Influence Factors Analysis of the New Generation Employees’ Moral Choices from the Perspective of Cognitive Neurology

At present,the academic researches on moral choices focus mainly on the individuals’external behaviors,without fully considering the influences of the individuals’internal psychological factors.Based on the model of complete information static games in the Non-cooperative Game theory,the present research has designed a“Red and Blue Experiment”to explore the psychological influencing factors of the new generation employees’moral choices.The research has conducted psychoanalysis on the new generation employees through experiments and interviews with 118 data sources,and concluded the characteristics in relation to the different stages of psychological processes and moral choices of the experimental population.Through comparative analysis,it is found that:the psychological factors,such as trust,doubt,and guilt will influence the new generation employees’moral choices,guiding them to make choices,such as risk aversion and mutual benefit and win-win,in the process.Additionally,the research has also provided effective scientific evidence for the new generation employees’mental health development and career planning.

Lord Jim： Jim＇s moral dilemmas and his tragic choices

The colonist culture of the imperialism nourished Jim＇s heroic dreams in which the protagonist sees himself as an apotheosis of morality and heroic deeds, but it also isolated him from the reality of the world. As a result, he often finds himself caught in moral dilemmas and ends up making tragic choices. His tragedy indicated that the alluring and illusive myth of the imperialism was bound to fall apart.

Literary Analysis of Choices and Identity in War Dances

War Dances, a remarkable collection of brilliant short stories and poems written by Sherman Alexie, is brimming with ingenuity and thrill. This impressive collection of short stories and poems has different characters that are from all walks of life and have various different roles to play in the society, such as artists, husbands and wives and mistresses, workers, fathers and sons, etc. All these men and women are at the turn of their lives because of the choices and decisions they made, which would steered their lives into a road with no returns. One of the most profound themes of War Dances is about the choices people made when they are tested, which make all the difference about people's identities and exert a significant impact upon their lives in the days to come. This paper seeks to unpack the choices of different people have made that have changed their lives for better or for worse.

Combinatorial Model Involving Stochastic Choices of Destination, Mode and Route

Traffic assignment models are one of the basic tools for the analysis and design of transportation systems. However, the existing models have some defects. Considering the characteristics of Chinese urban mixed traffic and the randomness of transportation information, the author develops a combinatorial model involving stochastic choices of destination, mode and route. Its uniqueness and equivalance are also proved by the optimization theory.

Choices of Varieties and Demand for Improved Rice Seed in Fogera District of Ethiopia

In this study, 151 households were randomly drawn from three randomly selected Kebele in probability proportional to size method. The demographic and socio-economic factors that determine the participation in improved varieties were household labor availability, education level of the household head,land holdings, distance to the nearest village market, proximity to the main market, and distance to access agricultural extension and access to the source of rice seeds. However, determinants of choice decision varied from cultivar to cultivar. The evidence of the study from the interdependence among the decision of adoption of improved rice varieties suggested that technology adoption will be accelerated by launching a progressively developing package and scheme of rice technology generation, and points to the importance of mobilising additional resources to augment households' efforts at popularization and promotion of improved rice cultivars.The findings from Linearized Almost Ideal Demand Systems(LA/AIDS) model showed that compelling evidence for small proportion changes in own prices and cross price of improved rice varieties led to greater than unitary proportionate changes in their purchases. The results generally showed that farmers were very sensitive to changes in improved rice seed prices and incomes. The major implication of the findings was that any intervention to improve farmers' seed purchases should take into account efforts to increase farmers' purchasing power of agricultural inputs like improved seeds and fertilizers.

The influence of environment, predisposing, enabling and need variables on personal health choices of adults with intellectual disability

Attention to disease and risk factor management is increasingly a feature of people with intellectual disability (ID) as an augmented life expectancy also exposes a growing number of age-related diseases. An additional concern is little attention to date to physical activity, nutrition, access to social support and other personal health choices and to environmental issues such as the impact of access to social support and the implications of individual’s living arrangements. Method: Using a sample of 753 persons with ID from the intellectual disability supplement to the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (IDS-TILDA), forty three variables were grouped into environmental, predisposing, enabling, need and personal health choices clusters and hierarchical ordinary least squares regression examined the contribution of environmental, enabling, predisposing, need and all combinations of the sets of variables to personal health choices. Findings: Almost 32% of variance was explained primarily by need variables. Most significant relationships were with meeting up with family and friends (environmental), age, rating of health and worries about getting older (predisposing), having public health insurance and nursing who come into the home (enabling) and presence of stroke, chronic constipation, functional limitations, high assistance needs with activities of daily living (need). Discussion: Taken together, the groupings of variables from the Anderson Model explained a modest amount of variance in the pursuit of positive personal health choices by people with ID. More work is clearly needed in developing evidence-based interventions and strategies, and in understanding the relationship between positive personal health choices of people with ID and health outcomes.

The Effect of Dietary &Transportation Choices on Climate Change

Goals: Many health organizations encourage people to use human-powered transportation “because it is better for your health and the environment”. However, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced to iso-calorically replace the energy expended in human transportation could make this potential environmental benefit untrue;our study tests this truism. Methods: Holding other (e.g., electricity consumption, consumer goods, household size) sources of GHGs constant, we varied transportation mode (walking, biking, or driving) and diet type (to reflect differing % of calories from meat, as calories from meat require higher GHG production). Principle Results: The pounds of carbon dioxide emitted per mile by vegan vs carnivorous bicyclists, walkers, and car drivers are: vegan bicyclist 0.1 lbs/mile, vegan walker 0.3 lbs/mile, carnivorous bicyclist 0.4 lbs/mile, car driver 1.1 lbs/mile, carnivorous walker 1.3 lbs/mile. Major Conclusions: Our data suggest that if you eat a very high meat diet, walking may be worse for the environment than driving. Since eating less meat is healthier, and walking and biking are also clearly typically better for an indi-vidual’s health than is driving, we encourage people to make it more likely that walking and bicycling are also better for plane- tary health, by eating less meat and then using human-powered transportation.

Motivations Underlying the Snack Choices of Japanese Junior High School Students: A Study Based on Cluster Analysis

The aims of the present study were to group junior high school students according to factors influencing their snack choice and identify differences between the characteristics and snack choice behaviors of the groups. An anonymous self-report questionnaire was administered to 1936 students (13 - 15 years old) in eight junior high schools in Tokyo, Japan. The students responded to the Snack Choice Questionnaire (SCQ) as well as questions concerning snacking behaviors, lifestyles, and demographics. Cluster analysis was applied to sort the sample according to SCQ scores. Each cluster’s characteristics were examined by gender using the χ2 test or the Kruskal-Wallis test with a Bonferroni adjustment. Participants were divided into four groups: high in all factors, low in all factors, low value in health, and value in health. The “value in health” group was composed of more girls than boys and the “low in all factors” group had fewer girls than boys. Those in the “high in all factors” and “low value in health” groups indicated that they consumed more snacks. Moreover, gender differences were revealed. By assessing the SCQ prior to providing nutrition education, we can obtain valuable information to make nutrition education planning.

An exact algorithm for optimal redundancy in a series system with multiple component choices

In this paper, an exact algorithm was proposed for optimal redundancy in a series system with multiple component choices. A reformulation of the nonseparable reliability function was approximated by a separable integer programming problem. The resulting separable nonlinear integer programming problem is used to compute upper bounds by Lagrangian relaxation and dual search. A special partition scheme was derived to reduce the duality gap in a branch-and-bound process, thus ensure the convergence of the algorithm. Computational results show that the algorithm is efficient for solving this class of reliability optimization problems.

Methods for Industrial Measurement and Basic Principles of Their Choices

In this paper,a variety of industrial objects are systematically analyzed.Ten methods for industrial measurement are summarized.For each method,its nature,advantages,disadvantages and adaptability are briefly given.The basic principles to choose the right industrial method are indicated.

Transportation Users’ Attitudes and Choices of Ride-Hailing Services in Two Cities with Different Attributes

The rapid technological developments in the 21st century created new opportunities for shared-use economy applications around the globe. Among other services, Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) like Uber and Lyft emerged in the US as a transportation alternative that offered a higher level of availability, reliability, and convenience than traditional modes. However, TNCs deployment was also blamed for increases in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in large cities that embraced TNC services early on. Concerns about TNC adoption are also magnified by the current controversy in policy and legislation as to the regulation of TNCs. These new realizations create a need to examine the transportation users’ attitudes and perceptions regarding ride-hailing service, after nearly a decade of service in the Unites States market. In doing so, this paper compares and contrasts results from two recently completed studies aiming at creating links between socio-demographic factors and TNC use. The paper describes the methods employed to collect the data and presents findings from the analysis of 790 users’ responses in the Birmingham, AL and Miami Beach, FL markets. The study documents preferences and attitudes toward TNCs and highlights similarities and differences in travel behaviors related to local considerations. Moreover, the study uses the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) method to identify predictors for TNC use based on the users’ responses in Birmingham and Miami Beach case studies. Vehicle availability and waiting time emerged as the only significant predictors for the Birmingham region whereas vehicle ownership, vehicle use, residency, and prior use of transit and TNC where some of the predictors identified for the Miami Beach area. Understanding the characteristics of TNC users and the leading reasons that drive people towards the use of TNCs services is expected to help transportation agencies and TNC providers in their efforts to plan for transportation services that meet customer needs in the future.

Determinants of Home Lighting Fuel Choices in Rwanda:A Discrete Choice Analysis

Renewable technologies such as solar present some of the possibilities for indoor and outdoor lighting in the remotest rural Africa where grid connections may take ages.This paper examined the key determinants that drive household lighting fuel using a nationally representative sample(14,415 households)across Rwanda.Results from a multinomial probit regression show that rural location,house ownership,household wealth,and nonfarm work are some of significant factors that influence lighting fuel choices in Rwanda.Robustness of the results indicates that household wealth levels and other regional differences are likely to influence choice probability for using clean energy sources such as solar confirming the need to priotise wealth generation.The study’s findings suggest the need for joint efforts by government and non-state actors to priotise household wealth generation,promotion of non-farm activities and improvement of infrastructures to reduce rural-urban bias and differences across the regions,assuming that wealth will motivate rural households to switch to clean energy sources.

Inescapable Choices in Runaway

Runway （2006） is the masterpiece of Alice Munro who is a famous Canadian female writer, concerns about women＇s living status. Through depiction of women＇s living states in some smal which shows her I places of Canada, Munro explores women＇s dilemmas that may lead to their inescapable and hopeless situation. The motif of Runway is running away： running away from family, marriage, religion, virtue, betrayal, and even themselves, but the result of running away is no escape and still lingering at their depressed origins. The cause of this situation is women＇s escape from their inescapable choices, as in the different phases of female＇s initiation some choices do more harm than good. Through the analysis feminine living wisdom about the balance husband, and child of the text and the comparison between different in dilemmas is explored from three aspects： the heroines, choice of Munro＇s religion,

Real-time routing control design for traffic networks with multi-route choices

This work considers those road networks in which there are multi-route choices for bifurcation-destination(or origin-destination) pairs, and designs a real-time variable message sign(VMS)-based routing control strategy in the model predictive control(MPC) framework. The VMS route recommendation provided by the traffic management authority is directly considered as the control variable, and the routing control model is established, in which a multi-dimensional control vector is introduced to describe the influence of route recommendations on flow distribution. In the MPC framework, a system optimum routing strategy with the constraints regarding drivers' acceptability with recommended routes is designed, which can not only meet the traffic management authority's control requirement but also improve drivers' satisfaction with the route guidance system. The simulation carried out shows that the proposed routing control can effectively mitigate traffic congestion, reduces followers' time delay, and improves drivers' satisfaction with routing control in road networks.

Pacific Trade Deal Faces Tough Choices

The annual meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Co- operation (APEC) forum in Hawaii will have something more concrete to focus on than the usual bromides about extending free trade in the region. Barack Obama, the host, will use the occasion to laud progress