Unified deep learning model for predicting fundus fluorescein angiography image from fundus structure image

The prediction of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)images from fundus structural images is a cutting-edge research topic in ophthalmological image processing.Prediction comprises estimating FFA from fundus camera imaging,single-phase FFA from scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(SLO),and three-phase FFA also from SLO.Although many deep learning models are available,a single model can only perform one or two of these prediction tasks.To accomplish three prediction tasks using a unified method,we propose a unified deep learning model for predicting FFA images from fundus structure images using a supervised generative adversarial network.The three prediction tasks are processed as follows:data preparation,network training under FFA supervision,and FFA image prediction from fundus structure images on a test set.By comparing the FFA images predicted by our model,pix2pix,and CycleGAN,we demonstrate the remarkable progress achieved by our proposal.The high performance of our model is validated in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio,structural similarity index,and mean squared error.

Fundus photography,fundus fluorescein angiography,and optical coherence tomography of healthy cynomolgus monkey,New Zealand rabbit,Sprague Dawley rat,and BALB/c mouse retinas

Background:A variety of experimental animal models are used in basic ophthalmological research to elucidate physiological mechanisms of vision and disease pathogenesis.The choice of animal model is based on the measurability of specific parameters or structures,the applicability of clinical measurement technologies,and the similarity to human eye function.Studies of eye pathology usually compare optical parameters between a healthy and altered state,so accurate baseline assessments are critical,but few reports have comprehensively examined the normal anatomical structures and physiological functions in these models.Methods:Three cynomolgus monkeys,six New Zealand rabbits,ten Sprague Dawley(SD)rats,and BALB/c mice were examined by fundus photography(FP),fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Results:Most retinal structures of cynomolgus monkey were anatomically similar to the corresponding human structures as revealed by FP,FFA,and OCT.New Zealand rabbits have large eyeballs,but they have large optic disc and myelinated retinal nerve fibers in their retinas,and the growth pattern of retinal vessels were also different to the human retinas.Unlike monkeys and rabbits,the retinal vessels of SD rats and BALB/c mice were widely distributed and clear.The OCT performance of them were similar with human beings except the macular.Conclusions:Monkey is a good model to study changes in retinal structure associated with fundus disease,rabbits are not suitable for studies on retinal vessel diseases and optic nerve diseases,and rats and mice are good models for retinal vascular diseases.These measures will help guide the choice of model and measurement technology and reduce the number of experimental animals required.

Fundus photography,fluorescein angiography,optical coherence tomography and electroretinography of preclinical animal models of ocular diseases

The eye is an immune-privileged and sensory organ in humans and animals.Anatomical,physiological,and pathobiological features share significant similarities across divergent species(1).Each compartment of the eye has a unique structure and function.The anterior and posterior compartments of the eye contain endothelium(cornea),epithelium(cornea,ciliary body,iris),muscle(ciliary body),vitreous and neuronal(retina)tissues,which make the eye suitable to evaluate efficacy and safety of tissue specific drugs(2).

Fundus autofluorescence in central serous chorioretinopathy: association with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography

and FA for identifying pathological abnormalities in CSC. The characteristics of IA AF in CSC were attributable to the modification of melanin in the RPE. IR- AIM: To evaluate the correlation among changes in fundus autofluorescence (AF) measured using infrared fundus AF (IR -AF) and short-wave length fundus AF (SW -AF) with changes in spectral -domain optical coherence tomography (SD -OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: Two hundred and twenty consecutive patients with CSC were included. In addition to AF, patients were assessed by means of SD -OCT and FA. Abnormalities in images of IA -AF, SW -AF, FA were analyzed and correlated with the corresponding outer retinal alterations in SD-OCT findings. RESULTS: Eyes with abnormalities on either IR-AF or SW-AF were found in 256 eyes (58.18%), among them 256 eyes (100%) showed abnormal IR -AF, but SW-AF abnormalities were present only in 213 eyes (83.20%). The hypo-IR-AF corresponded to accumulation of subretinal liquid, collapse of retinal pigment epithelium (APE) or detachment of APE with or without RPE leakage point in the corresponding area. The hyper -IR -AF corresponded to the area with loss of the ellipsoid portion of the inner segments and sub -sensory retinal deposits or focal melanogenesis under sensory retina. The hypo-SW-AF corresponded to accumulation of subretinal liquid or atrophy of RPE. The hyper -SW -AF associated with sub -sensory retinal deposits, detachment of RPE and focal melanogenesis. CONCLUSION: IR-AF was more sensitive than SW-AF AF should be used as a common diagnostic tool for identifying pathological lesion in CSC.

Application of non-mydriatic fundus photography-assisted telemedicine in diabetic retinopathy screening

BACKGROUND Early screening and accurate staging of diabetic retinopathy(DR)can reduce blindness risk in type 2 diabetes patients.DR’s complex pathogenesis involves many factors,making ophthalmologist screening alone insufficient for prevention and treatment.Often,endocrinologists are the first to see diabetic patients and thus should screen for retinopathy for early intervention.AIM To explore the efficacy of non-mydriatic fundus photography(NMFP)-enhanced telemedicine in assessing DR and its various stages.METHODS This retrospective study incorporated findings from an analysis of 93 diabetic patients,examining both NMFP-assisted telemedicine and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).It focused on assessing the concordance in DR detection between these two methodologies.Additionally,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated to determine the optimal sensitivity and specificity of NMFP-assisted telemedicine,using FFA outcomes as the standard benchmark.RESULTS In the context of DR diagnosis and staging,the kappa coefficients for NMFPassisted telemedicine and FFA were recorded at 0.775 and 0.689 respectively,indicating substantial intermethod agreement.Moreover,the NMFP-assisted telemedicine’s predictive accuracy for positive FFA outcomes,as denoted by the area under the ROC curve,was remarkably high at 0.955,within a confidence interval of 0.914 to 0.995 and a statistically significant P-value of less than 0.001.This predictive model exhibited a specificity of 100%,a sensitivity of 90.9%,and a Youden index of 0.909.CONCLUSION NMFP-assisted telemedicine represents a pragmatic,objective,and precise modality for fundus examination,particularly applicable in the context of endocrinology inpatient care and primary healthcare settings for diabetic patients.Its implementation in these scenarios is of paramount significance,enhancing the clinical accuracy in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of DR.This methodology not only streamlines patient evaluation but also contributes substantially to the optimization of clinical outcomes in DR management.

Comparison of fundus fluorescein angiography and fundus photography grading criteria for early diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To compare the assessment outcomes of the characteristics of mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) established by fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).METHODS:The fundus photos and FFA results of 260 patients with diabetes mellitus were reviewed.Diabetic retinopathy(DR) severity was graded based on the international classification standard.The microaneurysms,hemorrhages,and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities(IRMA) in FFA images of patients with mild to moderate NPDR were observed.The differences between the fundus photos and the FFA results were summarized,analyzed,and compared.RESULTS:The counting of intraretinal hemorrhages identified by FFA revealed that only 9 eyes(1.9%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants;15 eyes(3.1%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in three quadrants;26 eyes(5.4%) had over 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in two quadrants;and 37 eyes(7.7%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in only one quadrant.Furthermore,the number of IRMAs appeared ≥4 in 17 eyes,3 in 35 eyes,2 in 69 eyes,and 1 in 93 eyes.CONCLUSION:FFA has higher detection accuracy of retinal angiopathy than fundus photography.FFA grading results are helpful for timely detection and proper treatment of lesions easily missed by fundus photography.

Can Fundus Fluorescein Angiography be Performed for Diabetic Patients on Oral Metformin

Metformin is a kind of biguanide hypoglycemic agent that has been widely used in patients with diabetes mellitus. In clinical practice, whether metformin should be stopped before Fundus fluorescein angiography （FFA） remains largely unclear. Some endocrinologists suggest stop metformin before FFA. However, ophthalmologists do not always adopt this opinion in their practice. This situation may lead to disputes between physicians and patients. This article analyzed contrast-induced nephropathy（CIN） and the related contrast agent, as well as the adverse reactions of fluorescein angiography. It pointed out that the discrepancy may be caused by misunderstanding of contrast agents used in FFA. For angiography using iodine contrast agent, metformin must be stopped because of the increased possibility of CIN, while for FFA using fluorescein sodium, no CIN has been reported yet. Therefore, the authors believe FFA is safe for diabetic patients with oral metformin and it is unnecessary to stop metformin before the examination.

Risk factors for adverse reactions of fundus fluorescein angiography

Background:To explore the difference between the outcomes of correlations between a series of variables and adverse reactions(ARs)to fluorescein from univariate and multivariate analysis and to evaluate the nausea effects in different age groups.Methods:A retrospective study of patients undergoing consecutive fluorescein angiography between March2010 and February 2012 was conducted.No patients were excluded on the ground of age,presence of atopy,allergy history,previous procedures without severe allergic ARs,asymptomatic hypertension and kidney failure with serum creatinine levels lower than 250μmol/L or with renal dialysis.Results:A total of 829 patients were enrolled and 22.2%of them had ARs.The majority of reactions were nausea(12.1%)which occurred less when age became old(P<0.0001).When the correlations between a series of variables and ARs were assessed separately,age(P<0.0001),prior reactions(P<0.0001)and motion sickness(P=0.0062)were highly and cardio/cerebrovascular disease(P=0.0015),diabetes(P=0.0001)and renal disease(P=0.0219)were lowly related to ARs.However,when the correlations were assessed simultaneously,only age[odd ratio(OR)0.974;95%confidence interval(CI),0.962–0.986],prior reactions(OR 5.596;95%CI,2.083–15.029)and motion sickness(OR 4.849;95%CI,1.583–14.856)were statistically correlated with ARs.Conclusions:Fluorescein angiography is a safe procedure for patients who are relatively healthy but with a history of any systemic disease.Young age,prior reactions and motion sickness which are highly related to emetic events should be considered in the evaluation of ARs to fluorescein.

增生早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者视网膜及视盘新生血管的超广角OCTA与FFA检测结果对比分析

目的 对比分析超广角OCT血管成像(OCTA)与荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)对增生早期糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患眼视网膜及视盘新生血管的检测结果。方法 选取2021年11月至2022年5月在四川省人民医院眼科经FFA确诊为增生早期DR的患者62例(98眼)为研究对象,所有患者均行FFA和超广角OCTA检查。超广角OCTA检查选择以黄斑为中心的24 mm×20 mm扫描模式进行。所有图像均由同一位技术员采集,图像分析由同一位医师进行。以FFA的检查结果为标准,分析超广角OCTA对增生早期DR患眼视网膜及视盘新生血管的检出率。结果 共93眼(94.9%)FFA显示出视网膜新生血管,超广角OCTA显示出其中82眼,检出率88.2%,遗漏的患眼均是由于超广角OCTA检测范围受限所致;在FFA未显示出视网膜新生血管的5眼中,超广角OCTA显示出1眼存在新生血管,该新生血管在FFA检查中被误诊为视网膜内微血管异常。共17眼(17.3%)FFA显示出视盘新生血管,超广角OCTA显示出全部17眼,检出率100.0%;在余下的81眼中,超广角OCTA更灵敏地显示出10眼存在视盘新生血管。在FFA检查中,因荧光素渗漏掩盖了新生血管的特征,导致漏诊。结论 超广角OCTA对增生早期DR患眼视网膜及视盘新生血管检出率高,且能发现被FFA遗漏的新生血管。

Changes of Indocyanine Green and Fluorescein Angiography in Multiple Evanescent White-dot Syndrome: A Case Report

Purpose: To study the clinicopathological change on "Multiple Evanescent White-dot Syndrome (MEWDS)"through fundus angiogrphy analyses.Methods:Examing the case with fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA), visual field and following up for 15 months.Results :There exist multiple white dots in the fundus photo and angiography. The changes on ICGA maintain longer than fundus photo and FFA. Papille may be edematous and macula could present with special hypofluorescent flecks.Conclusions:MEWDS has specific angiographic features. Its pathological changes involve deep retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) as well as choroidal capillaries. The prognosis of the visual acuity for MEWDS is very good.

光学相干断层扫描血管成像参数诊断非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的价值分析

目的:分析光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)诊断非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)的价值。方法:连续纳入2021年1月至2023年6月期间在我科门诊收治的122例有2型糖尿病病史(包括伴或不伴有视网膜病变)的患者,均接受眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)检查和OCTA定量检查。以FFA结果为金标准,并将患者根据FFA结果分为对照组(无NPDR)、轻度NPDR组、中度NPDR组和重度NPDR组。OCTA观察指标包括,视网膜黄斑区中央视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)、血管线性密度(vascular density,VD)、血流灌注密度(perfusion density,PD)、黄斑中心凹无血管区面积(foveal avascular zone area,FAZ-A)、黄斑中心凹无血管区周长(foveal avascular zone perimeter,FAZ-P)、圆形指数(foveal avascular zone circularity index,FAZ-CI)。用单因素方差或非参数方法分析比较各组间定量指标的差异,取其中存在显著组间差异的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归模型,分析反映NPDR患病和严重程度的指标,并绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析单独或联合指标对于NPDR的诊断价值。结果:VD在各NPDR组中较对照组均显著下降,重度NPDR组较轻度、中度NPDR组均显著下降(P<0.05);PD在中度和重度NPDR组较对照组均显著下降(P<0.05),在重度NPDR组较轻度和中度NPDR组均显著下降(P<0.05);FAZ-A在各NPDR组中较对照组均显著下降(P<0.05),但在各NPDR组间均无统计学差异;FAZ-P在各NPDR组中较对照组均显著下降(P<0.05),但在各NPDR组间均无统计学差异;FAZ-CI在各组间均无统计学差异。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,CMT升高、VD和FAZ-P下降与NPDR患病相关(P=0.03,<0.001和0.001);CMT上升和VD下降与NPDR严重程度相关(P=0.01,<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,CMT(>260.00μm)、VD(<16.55/mm2)和FAZ-P(<2.15 mm)对NPDR均具有单独诊断价值(AUC分别为0.63、0.78和0.70),其中VD的诊断效能显著高于CMT(P=0.02),CMT与VD或FAZ-P的诊断效能之间则无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。CMT、VD和FAZ-P指标联合诊断NPDR的诊断效能(AUC=0.86)显著高于任一单项指标的诊断效能(P均<0.05)。结论:OCTA检查参数CMT、VD和FAZ-P均独立具备对NPDR的诊断价值,将三者联合使用则能进一步提高其诊断效能。OCTA血流参数联合黄斑形态参数可有效提高NPDR的临床诊断。

OCTA在早期糖尿病视网膜病变诊断中的应用及特异度、灵敏度分析

目的分析光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)对早期糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)诊断中的价值。方法选取晋江市医院眼科于2023年1月—2024年1月收治的94例(176眼)疑似DR患者为研究对象,均开展OCTA检查和眼底荧光素血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)。将FFA结果作为金标准,评价OCTA对早期DR的诊断价值,通过kappa一致性检验分析OCTA诊断DR与FFA结果的一致性。结果FFA共检出122眼DR,54眼无DR;OCTA共检出119眼DR,57眼无DR。OCTA诊断早期DR的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为94.26%、92.59%、93.75%、96.64%、87.72%。kappa检验结果可知,OCTA诊断DR与FFA结果的一致性较强(kappa=0.792)。结论OCTA诊断DR与FFA结果的一致性较强,有助于诊断早期DR,具有较高灵敏度、特异度。

超广域SS-OCTA联合超广角激光扫描眼底成像对糖尿病视网膜病变的诊断价值

目的 超广域扫频源光学相干断层扫描血管成像(UWF SS-OCTA)联合超广角激光扫描眼底成像(UWF SLO)对糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者病变的检出率以及对DR分级诊断价值的研究。方法 横断面研究。招募在四川省人民医院眼科就诊的糖尿病患者。所有参与者都接受了UWF SS-OCTA、UWF SLO和荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查,用于检测DR病变,包括微动脉瘤(MA)、视网膜内出血(IRH)、视网膜无灌注区(NPAs)、视网膜内微血管异常(IRMAs)、视网膜静脉串珠(VB)、视网膜新生血管(NVE)、视盘新生血管(NVD)及玻璃体积血(VH)。联合三类影像检查(以下简称三联影像)结果作为标准对照,对比不同影像两两联合对DR病变的检出率及对DR严重度分级的一致性。结果 共纳入101例175眼。与三联影像结果相比,UWF SS-OCTA联合UWF SLO对MA、IRH、NPAs、IRMAs、NVE、NVD及VH的检出率分别为91%、83%、77%、69%、27%、10%及12%,Kappa依次为0.812、1.000、1.000、1.000、0.986、0.970及1.000。与三联影像结果相比,UWF SS-OCTA联合UWF SLO对DR的严重度分级具有优异一致性(Kappa=0.943)。结论 UWF SS-OCTA联合UWF SLO能准确识别MA、IRH、NPAs、IRMAs、NVE、NVD及VH,对DR筛查及分级诊断准确性高,适用于临床上对DR的大规模筛查与管理。

多模影像对糖尿病小鼠眼底特征的实验研究

目的观察糖尿病小鼠视网膜影像改变特征,为糖尿病小鼠视网膜病理改变特征提供影像学依据。方法8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠连续5 d腹腔注射链脲佐菌素STZ(50 mg/kg),1周后测量小鼠空腹血糖浓度,模型复制成功的糖尿病小鼠(模型组)与正常小鼠(对照组)喂养5个月,5个月后对正常小鼠和糖尿病小鼠进行双眼光学相干断层扫描/光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCT/OCTA)及眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)检测,采用图湃软件和Image J软件得出眼底视网膜厚度,血管密度、形态及管径大小,以及荧光素渗漏情况等数据,最后用GraphPad Prism进行统计学分析。结果对照组内层内环视网膜厚度大于模型组(P<0.05),对照组内层中、外环及外层内、中、外环厚度与模型组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组表层及深层内、中、外环视网膜血管密度与模型组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组一、二级血管管径值均窄于模型组、(P<0.05)。应用多模影像技术可以明确糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的具体部位及捕捉DR的病变特征,包括微血管瘤、视网膜薄变、小血管迂曲扩张,以及迂曲扩张的小血管周围毛细血管网间隙增宽和囊样暗腔样改变。结论OCT/OCTA及FFA的多模影像相结合,可以活体监测DR小鼠视网膜早期损伤及毛细血管早期特征改变,对DR基础研究发挥一定作用。

OCT和FFA联合检测对中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变发病机制的研究

背景以往中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（CSC）的确诊主要依靠荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA），而光学断层相干扫描（OCT）与FFA的联合应用为CSC的动态观察及评价其发病机制提供了新的途径。目的通过将CSC患者的FFA图像导人OCT中，研究2种检查方法定位病变部位的一致性，探讨CSC的发病机制。方法44例单眼诊断为CSC的患者纳入本研究，包括男36例，女8例；年龄（39．34±5．3）岁，视力0．64±0．27。所有患者均进行了FFA和OCT检查。在Topcon3DOCT1000中导人FFA图像，直接对照OCT病灶与FFA渗漏点，观察二者病变部位的一致性，并用OCT方法测量中心凹神经上皮厚度及其脱离高度。结果OCT显示视网膜色素上皮（RPE）的改变包括RPE脱离34例（77．3％），RPE小隆起和粗糙10例（22．7％）；在RPE脱离的34眼中OCT与FFA定位一致者占31例31眼（91．2％），2种结果不一致者为3例3眼（8．8％）。OCT检测CSC患眼中心凹神经上皮层的厚度为（138．5±19．40）μm，与正常眼的（137．35±5．01）μm比较，差异无统计学意义（t=0．39，P〉0．05）；神经上皮层脱离的高度为（263．34±126．7）μm。结论CSC的病理机制为RPE脱离继发黄斑区神经上皮脱离，FFA渗漏点基本与OCT所测RPE脱离的部位相对应。无RPE脱离者可能与RPE通透性改变有关，OCT能精确测量中心凹神经上皮厚度及脱离的高度。

高度近视黄斑病变的OCT和FFA形态学分类的对比分析

目的:探讨高度近视黄斑病变的光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)的形态学特征、分类和对比分析。方法:对入选的高度近视黄斑病变患者61例101眼均行标准对数视力表检查,验光确定屈光度及最佳矫正视力(BCVA),并用IOL-Master测量眼轴长度。入选者需在同一天内行散瞳眼底检查、OCT及FFA检查,必要时行眼底联合造影(FFA&ICGA)。分析不同类型的OCT及FFA形态学特征之间的相互联系,并探讨其与屈光度、最佳矫正视力、眼轴长度及中心凹厚度之间的关系。结果:FFA分类的漆样裂纹型在OCT分类的1型中所占比例为57.14%,显著高于新生血管型和黄斑萎缩型(21.43%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FFA分类的黄斑萎缩型在OCT分类的2型中所占的比例为67.80%,显著高于漆样裂纹型(18.64%)和新生血管型(13.56%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。OCT 3型均属于FFA分类的黄斑萎缩型。OCT 1型的屈光度、眼轴长度明显低于2型和3型,而最佳矫正视力和中心凹厚度则明显高于2型和3型。FFA的漆样裂纹型与新生血管型在屈光度及眼轴长度上虽无明显差异,但后者的BCVA及中心凹厚度显著低于前者(P<0.05)。漆样裂纹型及新生血管型的屈光度、眼轴长度均显著低于黄斑萎缩型,最佳矫正视力则明显高于黄斑萎缩型(P<0.05)。结论:高度近视黄斑病变的OCT和FFA形态学特征密切相关,结合OCT和FFA的图像特征对高度近视黄斑病变形态学改变进行对比分析,不仅有助于明确病变的性质,提高我们对疾病发病机制及预后转归的认识,更为临床诊疗提供了有力的支持。

糖尿病性视神经病变的FFA诊断价值

目的探讨糖尿病性视神经病变的临床特点及FFA对其的诊断价值,指导临床分型及治疗。方法分析在我院行FFA检查,经内科明确诊断为糖尿病的587例患者(1074眼)的临床资料和FFA结果,筛选出视盘有异常表现(包括水肿、异常高荧光、充盈缺损、染色、新生血管)的患者,统计分析患者的临床资料,并根据文献提出的诊断标准,将糖尿病性视神经病变进行分型,包括糖尿病视乳头病变(DP)、缺血性视神经病变(ION)、视盘新生血管(NVD)、视神经萎缩,探讨各型的发病特点。结果(1)视盘有异常表现者157眼(14.6%),其中DP25眼,ION32眼,NVD85眼,视神经萎缩15眼,各型疾病在视力下降程度、患者年龄、糖尿病病程等方面都有不同。(2)增殖期DR344眼发生NVD71眼,比率为20.6%,但背景期DR合并DP和ION的发病率高于增殖期DR。结论糖尿病性视神经病变并不少见,FFA检查可以发现一些早期病变,在诊断中必不可少,具有重要的意义。

光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)和荧光素血管造影(FFA)对比观察增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)

目的运用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)和荧光素血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)对比观察增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferating diabetic retinopathy,PDR)的临床特征,分析OCTA与FFA对PDR患眼眼底病变检出的一致性。方法回顾性病例研究。选择PDR患者25例(36眼),每例患者均行OCTA和FFA检查,并且两项检查间隔时间不超过2 h。对比观察记录PDR患眼在OCTA和FFA图像中黄斑拱环结构改变、黄斑水肿、视网膜微血管瘤、视网膜新生血管、视网膜无灌注区5种眼底病变的影像学特征,并分析两种检查方法对上述眼底改变检出的一致性。结果 PDR患眼的OCTA特征主要为黄斑拱环结构改变区视网膜浅层毛细血管扩张迂曲、深层中心凹无血管区扩大,黄斑水肿区视网膜浅层血管迂曲扩张、视网膜深层片囊状弱信号,视网膜微血管瘤区浅层、深层毛细血管局部囊样扩张膨大或梭形改变,视网膜新生血管区浅层、深层不规则异常血管网状结构,视网膜无灌注区片状弱信号;PDR患眼的FFA图像特征主要为黄斑拱环结构改变区周围血管扩张弯曲,黄斑水肿区、视网膜微血管瘤区和视网膜新生血管区造影期强荧光,视网膜无灌注区表现和OCTA相似。OCTA检查发现PDR患眼黄斑拱环结构改变、黄斑水肿、视网膜微血管瘤、视网膜新生血管、视网膜无灌注区分别为26眼、26眼、25眼、13眼、30眼;FFA检查发现5种眼底病变依次为20眼、28眼、28眼、12眼、30眼;OCTA与FFA检查对PDR患眼黄斑拱环结构改变、黄斑水肿、视网膜微血管瘤检出的一致性一般(Kappa=0.416、0.705、0.646,均为P<0.01),对视网膜新生血管、视网膜无灌注区检出的一致性较好(Kappa=0.816、0.800,均为P<0.01)。结论 OCTA与FFA能较好地观察到PDR患眼5种眼底病变,并对PDR患眼的部分眼底病变的检出具有良好的一致性。

OCT与FFA在糖尿病视网膜病变临床前期的应用比较

目的光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography,OCT）与眼底荧光血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA）在糖尿病视网膜病变临床前期的应用比较。方法 以2型糖尿病病史10～15a尚处于DR临床前期的患者76例为研究对象进行OCT和FFA检查,以及糖化血红蛋白（glycosylated hemoglobins A1c,HbAlc）、空腹血糖（fasting blood-glucose,FBG）等检测,记录患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层（retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL）的厚度变化和视网膜微血管的异常情况,结合HbAlc、FBG等检测结果分析两者的关系。结果 OCT或FFA检查异常者共31例（占40.8%）,其中19例兼有OCT检查异常（RNFL变薄）和FFA检查异常（出现异常荧光）,10例仅表现为OCT检查异常,2例仅表现为FFA检查异常。OCT的阳性检出率（29例,38.2%）高于FFA（21例,27.6%）,差异有统计学意义（P≤0.05）;OCT检查阳性者29例HbAlc的检测值（6.98±1.01）%高于检查阴性者47例（6.52±0.86）%,差异也有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;OCT检查阳性者FBG检测值（7.51±0.81）mmol·L^-1与阴性者（7.38±0.72）mmol·L^-1比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 OCT和FFA是发现早期DR的有效检查手段,两者相比较OCT更为敏感,而且为无创性检查,更适用于DR筛查和随访复检。

急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变FFA与频域OCT图像对比研究

目的观察急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC)荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)和频域光学相干断层扫描(frequency domain optical coherence tomography,FD-OCT)图像特征,对比研究2种检查方法定位病灶的一致性。方法回顾性分析79例急性CSC患者(81眼)的FFA和FD-OCT图像资料,观察患眼FFA荧光素渗漏点与FD-OCT中视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)异常改变的对应关系。结果 81眼急性CSC患眼中,FFA检查发现荧光素渗漏点86个,在FD-OCT图像上表现为视网膜色素上皮脱离(pigment epithelial detachment,PED)、小隆起、粗糙紊乱等RPE层异常改变。此外尚有13眼(16.05%)在荧光素渗漏点以外区域存在着低荧光、荧光染色、透见荧光,在FDOCT上RPE亦表现为PED、小隆起、粗糙紊乱混合存在。还有6眼(7.41%)无任何异常荧光区域,在FD-OCT上RPE也显示有PED、小隆起、粗糙紊乱等改变。结论急性CSC的FFA渗漏点与FD-OCT中RPE异常改变部位基本对应,而FFA渗漏点以外区域FD-OCT亦有RPE层异常改变,在急性CSC诊治中FD-OCT不可完全替代FFA。