The prediction of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)images from fundus structural images is a cutting-edge research topic in ophthalmological image processing.Prediction comprises estimating FFA from fundus camera im...The prediction of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)images from fundus structural images is a cutting-edge research topic in ophthalmological image processing.Prediction comprises estimating FFA from fundus camera imaging,single-phase FFA from scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(SLO),and three-phase FFA also from SLO.Although many deep learning models are available,a single model can only perform one or two of these prediction tasks.To accomplish three prediction tasks using a unified method,we propose a unified deep learning model for predicting FFA images from fundus structure images using a supervised generative adversarial network.The three prediction tasks are processed as follows:data preparation,network training under FFA supervision,and FFA image prediction from fundus structure images on a test set.By comparing the FFA images predicted by our model,pix2pix,and CycleGAN,we demonstrate the remarkable progress achieved by our proposal.The high performance of our model is validated in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio,structural similarity index,and mean squared error.展开更多
Background:A variety of experimental animal models are used in basic ophthalmological research to elucidate physiological mechanisms of vision and disease pathogenesis.The choice of animal model is based on the measur...Background:A variety of experimental animal models are used in basic ophthalmological research to elucidate physiological mechanisms of vision and disease pathogenesis.The choice of animal model is based on the measurability of specific parameters or structures,the applicability of clinical measurement technologies,and the similarity to human eye function.Studies of eye pathology usually compare optical parameters between a healthy and altered state,so accurate baseline assessments are critical,but few reports have comprehensively examined the normal anatomical structures and physiological functions in these models.Methods:Three cynomolgus monkeys,six New Zealand rabbits,ten Sprague Dawley(SD)rats,and BALB/c mice were examined by fundus photography(FP),fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Results:Most retinal structures of cynomolgus monkey were anatomically similar to the corresponding human structures as revealed by FP,FFA,and OCT.New Zealand rabbits have large eyeballs,but they have large optic disc and myelinated retinal nerve fibers in their retinas,and the growth pattern of retinal vessels were also different to the human retinas.Unlike monkeys and rabbits,the retinal vessels of SD rats and BALB/c mice were widely distributed and clear.The OCT performance of them were similar with human beings except the macular.Conclusions:Monkey is a good model to study changes in retinal structure associated with fundus disease,rabbits are not suitable for studies on retinal vessel diseases and optic nerve diseases,and rats and mice are good models for retinal vascular diseases.These measures will help guide the choice of model and measurement technology and reduce the number of experimental animals required.展开更多
AIM:To compare the assessment outcomes of the characteristics of mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) established by fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).METHODS:The fund...AIM:To compare the assessment outcomes of the characteristics of mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) established by fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).METHODS:The fundus photos and FFA results of 260 patients with diabetes mellitus were reviewed.Diabetic retinopathy(DR) severity was graded based on the international classification standard.The microaneurysms,hemorrhages,and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities(IRMA) in FFA images of patients with mild to moderate NPDR were observed.The differences between the fundus photos and the FFA results were summarized,analyzed,and compared.RESULTS:The counting of intraretinal hemorrhages identified by FFA revealed that only 9 eyes(1.9%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants;15 eyes(3.1%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in three quadrants;26 eyes(5.4%) had over 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in two quadrants;and 37 eyes(7.7%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in only one quadrant.Furthermore,the number of IRMAs appeared ≥4 in 17 eyes,3 in 35 eyes,2 in 69 eyes,and 1 in 93 eyes.CONCLUSION:FFA has higher detection accuracy of retinal angiopathy than fundus photography.FFA grading results are helpful for timely detection and proper treatment of lesions easily missed by fundus photography.展开更多
Metformin is a kind of biguanide hypoglycemic agent that has been widely used in patients with diabetes mellitus. In clinical practice, whether metformin should be stopped before Fundus fluorescein angiography （FFA）...Metformin is a kind of biguanide hypoglycemic agent that has been widely used in patients with diabetes mellitus. In clinical practice, whether metformin should be stopped before Fundus fluorescein angiography （FFA） remains largely unclear. Some endocrinologists suggest stop metformin before FFA. However, ophthalmologists do not always adopt this opinion in their practice. This situation may lead to disputes between physicians and patients. This article analyzed contrast-induced nephropathy（CIN） and the related contrast agent, as well as the adverse reactions of fluorescein angiography. It pointed out that the discrepancy may be caused by misunderstanding of contrast agents used in FFA. For angiography using iodine contrast agent, metformin must be stopped because of the increased possibility of CIN, while for FFA using fluorescein sodium, no CIN has been reported yet. Therefore, the authors believe FFA is safe for diabetic patients with oral metformin and it is unnecessary to stop metformin before the examination.展开更多
Background:To explore the difference between the outcomes of correlations between a series of variables and adverse reactions(ARs)to fluorescein from univariate and multivariate analysis and to evaluate the nausea eff...Background:To explore the difference between the outcomes of correlations between a series of variables and adverse reactions(ARs)to fluorescein from univariate and multivariate analysis and to evaluate the nausea effects in different age groups.Methods:A retrospective study of patients undergoing consecutive fluorescein angiography between March2010 and February 2012 was conducted.No patients were excluded on the ground of age,presence of atopy,allergy history,previous procedures without severe allergic ARs,asymptomatic hypertension and kidney failure with serum creatinine levels lower than 250μmol/L or with renal dialysis.Results:A total of 829 patients were enrolled and 22.2%of them had ARs.The majority of reactions were nausea(12.1%)which occurred less when age became old(P<0.0001).When the correlations between a series of variables and ARs were assessed separately,age(P<0.0001),prior reactions(P<0.0001)and motion sickness(P=0.0062)were highly and cardio/cerebrovascular disease(P=0.0015),diabetes(P=0.0001)and renal disease(P=0.0219)were lowly related to ARs.However,when the correlations were assessed simultaneously,only age[odd ratio(OR)0.974;95%confidence interval(CI),0.962–0.986],prior reactions(OR 5.596;95%CI,2.083–15.029)and motion sickness(OR 4.849;95%CI,1.583–14.856)were statistically correlated with ARs.Conclusions:Fluorescein angiography is a safe procedure for patients who are relatively healthy but with a history of any systemic disease.Young age,prior reactions and motion sickness which are highly related to emetic events should be considered in the evaluation of ARs to fluorescein.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Gusu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leading Talents in Suzhou City,grant numbers ZXL2021425 and ZXL2022476Doctor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program in Jiangsu Province,grant number JSSCBS20211440+6 种基金Jiangsu Province Key R&D Program,grant number BE2019682Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,grant number BK20200214National Key R&D Program of China,grant number 2017YFB0403701National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant numbers 61605210,61675226,and 62075235Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences,grant number 2019320Frontier Science Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,grant number QYZDB-SSW-JSC03Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,grant number XDB02060000.
文摘The prediction of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)images from fundus structural images is a cutting-edge research topic in ophthalmological image processing.Prediction comprises estimating FFA from fundus camera imaging,single-phase FFA from scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(SLO),and three-phase FFA also from SLO.Although many deep learning models are available,a single model can only perform one or two of these prediction tasks.To accomplish three prediction tasks using a unified method,we propose a unified deep learning model for predicting FFA images from fundus structure images using a supervised generative adversarial network.The three prediction tasks are processed as follows:data preparation,network training under FFA supervision,and FFA image prediction from fundus structure images on a test set.By comparing the FFA images predicted by our model,pix2pix,and CycleGAN,we demonstrate the remarkable progress achieved by our proposal.The high performance of our model is validated in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio,structural similarity index,and mean squared error.
基金This study was funded by Science and Technology Projects of Guangdong Province(Nos.2019A030317002,2017A030303013,2013B060300003).
文摘Background:A variety of experimental animal models are used in basic ophthalmological research to elucidate physiological mechanisms of vision and disease pathogenesis.The choice of animal model is based on the measurability of specific parameters or structures,the applicability of clinical measurement technologies,and the similarity to human eye function.Studies of eye pathology usually compare optical parameters between a healthy and altered state,so accurate baseline assessments are critical,but few reports have comprehensively examined the normal anatomical structures and physiological functions in these models.Methods:Three cynomolgus monkeys,six New Zealand rabbits,ten Sprague Dawley(SD)rats,and BALB/c mice were examined by fundus photography(FP),fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Results:Most retinal structures of cynomolgus monkey were anatomically similar to the corresponding human structures as revealed by FP,FFA,and OCT.New Zealand rabbits have large eyeballs,but they have large optic disc and myelinated retinal nerve fibers in their retinas,and the growth pattern of retinal vessels were also different to the human retinas.Unlike monkeys and rabbits,the retinal vessels of SD rats and BALB/c mice were widely distributed and clear.The OCT performance of them were similar with human beings except the macular.Conclusions:Monkey is a good model to study changes in retinal structure associated with fundus disease,rabbits are not suitable for studies on retinal vessel diseases and optic nerve diseases,and rats and mice are good models for retinal vascular diseases.These measures will help guide the choice of model and measurement technology and reduce the number of experimental animals required.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U20A20363,No.81970776,No.81671844)Special Fund of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Heilongjiang Province for Scientific Research (No.CR201809)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China (No.LH2020H039)Higher Education Reform Project of Heilongjiang Province,China (No.SJGY20180332)Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Research Fund (No.LBH-Z18221)。
文摘AIM:To compare the assessment outcomes of the characteristics of mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) established by fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).METHODS:The fundus photos and FFA results of 260 patients with diabetes mellitus were reviewed.Diabetic retinopathy(DR) severity was graded based on the international classification standard.The microaneurysms,hemorrhages,and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities(IRMA) in FFA images of patients with mild to moderate NPDR were observed.The differences between the fundus photos and the FFA results were summarized,analyzed,and compared.RESULTS:The counting of intraretinal hemorrhages identified by FFA revealed that only 9 eyes(1.9%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants;15 eyes(3.1%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in three quadrants;26 eyes(5.4%) had over 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in two quadrants;and 37 eyes(7.7%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in only one quadrant.Furthermore,the number of IRMAs appeared ≥4 in 17 eyes,3 in 35 eyes,2 in 69 eyes,and 1 in 93 eyes.CONCLUSION:FFA has higher detection accuracy of retinal angiopathy than fundus photography.FFA grading results are helpful for timely detection and proper treatment of lesions easily missed by fundus photography.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of Xi＇an Bureau of PublicHealth （No.2013020） and the Natural Science Foundation of Xi＇anScience Technology Bureau （No.SF1508-3）.
文摘Metformin is a kind of biguanide hypoglycemic agent that has been widely used in patients with diabetes mellitus. In clinical practice, whether metformin should be stopped before Fundus fluorescein angiography （FFA） remains largely unclear. Some endocrinologists suggest stop metformin before FFA. However, ophthalmologists do not always adopt this opinion in their practice. This situation may lead to disputes between physicians and patients. This article analyzed contrast-induced nephropathy（CIN） and the related contrast agent, as well as the adverse reactions of fluorescein angiography. It pointed out that the discrepancy may be caused by misunderstanding of contrast agents used in FFA. For angiography using iodine contrast agent, metformin must be stopped because of the increased possibility of CIN, while for FFA using fluorescein sodium, no CIN has been reported yet. Therefore, the authors believe FFA is safe for diabetic patients with oral metformin and it is unnecessary to stop metformin before the examination.
文摘Background:To explore the difference between the outcomes of correlations between a series of variables and adverse reactions(ARs)to fluorescein from univariate and multivariate analysis and to evaluate the nausea effects in different age groups.Methods:A retrospective study of patients undergoing consecutive fluorescein angiography between March2010 and February 2012 was conducted.No patients were excluded on the ground of age,presence of atopy,allergy history,previous procedures without severe allergic ARs,asymptomatic hypertension and kidney failure with serum creatinine levels lower than 250μmol/L or with renal dialysis.Results:A total of 829 patients were enrolled and 22.2%of them had ARs.The majority of reactions were nausea(12.1%)which occurred less when age became old(P<0.0001).When the correlations between a series of variables and ARs were assessed separately,age(P<0.0001),prior reactions(P<0.0001)and motion sickness(P=0.0062)were highly and cardio/cerebrovascular disease(P=0.0015),diabetes(P=0.0001)and renal disease(P=0.0219)were lowly related to ARs.However,when the correlations were assessed simultaneously,only age[odd ratio(OR)0.974;95%confidence interval(CI),0.962–0.986],prior reactions(OR 5.596;95%CI,2.083–15.029)and motion sickness(OR 4.849;95%CI,1.583–14.856)were statistically correlated with ARs.Conclusions:Fluorescein angiography is a safe procedure for patients who are relatively healthy but with a history of any systemic disease.Young age,prior reactions and motion sickness which are highly related to emetic events should be considered in the evaluation of ARs to fluorescein.
