Unified deep learning model for predicting fundus fluorescein angiography image from fundus structure image

The prediction of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)images from fundus structural images is a cutting-edge research topic in ophthalmological image processing.Prediction comprises estimating FFA from fundus camera imaging,single-phase FFA from scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(SLO),and three-phase FFA also from SLO.Although many deep learning models are available,a single model can only perform one or two of these prediction tasks.To accomplish three prediction tasks using a unified method,we propose a unified deep learning model for predicting FFA images from fundus structure images using a supervised generative adversarial network.The three prediction tasks are processed as follows:data preparation,network training under FFA supervision,and FFA image prediction from fundus structure images on a test set.By comparing the FFA images predicted by our model,pix2pix,and CycleGAN,we demonstrate the remarkable progress achieved by our proposal.The high performance of our model is validated in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio,structural similarity index,and mean squared error.

Fundus photography,fundus fluorescein angiography,and optical coherence tomography of healthy cynomolgus monkey,New Zealand rabbit,Sprague Dawley rat,and BALB/c mouse retinas

Background:A variety of experimental animal models are used in basic ophthalmological research to elucidate physiological mechanisms of vision and disease pathogenesis.The choice of animal model is based on the measurability of specific parameters or structures,the applicability of clinical measurement technologies,and the similarity to human eye function.Studies of eye pathology usually compare optical parameters between a healthy and altered state,so accurate baseline assessments are critical,but few reports have comprehensively examined the normal anatomical structures and physiological functions in these models.Methods:Three cynomolgus monkeys,six New Zealand rabbits,ten Sprague Dawley(SD)rats,and BALB/c mice were examined by fundus photography(FP),fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Results:Most retinal structures of cynomolgus monkey were anatomically similar to the corresponding human structures as revealed by FP,FFA,and OCT.New Zealand rabbits have large eyeballs,but they have large optic disc and myelinated retinal nerve fibers in their retinas,and the growth pattern of retinal vessels were also different to the human retinas.Unlike monkeys and rabbits,the retinal vessels of SD rats and BALB/c mice were widely distributed and clear.The OCT performance of them were similar with human beings except the macular.Conclusions:Monkey is a good model to study changes in retinal structure associated with fundus disease,rabbits are not suitable for studies on retinal vessel diseases and optic nerve diseases,and rats and mice are good models for retinal vascular diseases.These measures will help guide the choice of model and measurement technology and reduce the number of experimental animals required.

Fundus photography,fluorescein angiography,optical coherence tomography and electroretinography of preclinical animal models of ocular diseases

The eye is an immune-privileged and sensory organ in humans and animals.Anatomical,physiological,and pathobiological features share significant similarities across divergent species(1).Each compartment of the eye has a unique structure and function.The anterior and posterior compartments of the eye contain endothelium(cornea),epithelium(cornea,ciliary body,iris),muscle(ciliary body),vitreous and neuronal(retina)tissues,which make the eye suitable to evaluate efficacy and safety of tissue specific drugs(2).

Fundus autofluorescence in central serous chorioretinopathy: association with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography

and FA for identifying pathological abnormalities in CSC. The characteristics of IA AF in CSC were attributable to the modification of melanin in the RPE. IR- AIM: To evaluate the correlation among changes in fundus autofluorescence (AF) measured using infrared fundus AF (IR -AF) and short-wave length fundus AF (SW -AF) with changes in spectral -domain optical coherence tomography (SD -OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: Two hundred and twenty consecutive patients with CSC were included. In addition to AF, patients were assessed by means of SD -OCT and FA. Abnormalities in images of IA -AF, SW -AF, FA were analyzed and correlated with the corresponding outer retinal alterations in SD-OCT findings. RESULTS: Eyes with abnormalities on either IR-AF or SW-AF were found in 256 eyes (58.18%), among them 256 eyes (100%) showed abnormal IR -AF, but SW-AF abnormalities were present only in 213 eyes (83.20%). The hypo-IR-AF corresponded to accumulation of subretinal liquid, collapse of retinal pigment epithelium (APE) or detachment of APE with or without RPE leakage point in the corresponding area. The hyper -IR -AF corresponded to the area with loss of the ellipsoid portion of the inner segments and sub -sensory retinal deposits or focal melanogenesis under sensory retina. The hypo-SW-AF corresponded to accumulation of subretinal liquid or atrophy of RPE. The hyper -SW -AF associated with sub -sensory retinal deposits, detachment of RPE and focal melanogenesis. CONCLUSION: IR-AF was more sensitive than SW-AF AF should be used as a common diagnostic tool for identifying pathological lesion in CSC.

Comparison of fundus fluorescein angiography and fundus photography grading criteria for early diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To compare the assessment outcomes of the characteristics of mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) established by fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).METHODS:The fundus photos and FFA results of 260 patients with diabetes mellitus were reviewed.Diabetic retinopathy(DR) severity was graded based on the international classification standard.The microaneurysms,hemorrhages,and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities(IRMA) in FFA images of patients with mild to moderate NPDR were observed.The differences between the fundus photos and the FFA results were summarized,analyzed,and compared.RESULTS:The counting of intraretinal hemorrhages identified by FFA revealed that only 9 eyes(1.9%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in all four quadrants;15 eyes(3.1%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in three quadrants;26 eyes(5.4%) had over 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in two quadrants;and 37 eyes(7.7%) had more than 20 intraretinal hemorrhages in only one quadrant.Furthermore,the number of IRMAs appeared ≥4 in 17 eyes,3 in 35 eyes,2 in 69 eyes,and 1 in 93 eyes.CONCLUSION:FFA has higher detection accuracy of retinal angiopathy than fundus photography.FFA grading results are helpful for timely detection and proper treatment of lesions easily missed by fundus photography.

Can Fundus Fluorescein Angiography be Performed for Diabetic Patients on Oral Metformin

Metformin 是一种 biguanide 广泛地与糖尿病 mellitus 在病人被使用了的血糖过低的代理人。在临床的实践， metformin 是否应该在宫底荧光黄 angiography (船边交货) 前被停止，仍然保持大部分不清楚。一些内分泌学家在船边交货前建议站 metformin。然而，眼科医师总是不在他们的实践采用这条意见。这种状况可以导致医生和病人之间的争论。这篇文章分析了导致对比的 nephropathy (CIN ) 和相关对比代理人，以及荧光黄 angiography 的不利反应。它指出差异可以被在船边交货使用的对比代理人的误解引起。为用碘对比代理人的 angiography，，因为 CIN 的增加的可能性， metformin 必须为使用荧光黄钠的船边交货被停止，没有 CIN 还被报导了。因此，作者相信船边交货为有口头的 metformin 的糖尿病的病人是安全的，在考试前停止 metformin 是不必要的。

Risk factors for adverse reactions of fundus fluorescein angiography

Background:To explore the difference between the outcomes of correlations between a series of variables and adverse reactions(ARs)to fluorescein from univariate and multivariate analysis and to evaluate the nausea effects in different age groups.Methods:A retrospective study of patients undergoing consecutive fluorescein angiography between March2010 and February 2012 was conducted.No patients were excluded on the ground of age,presence of atopy,allergy history,previous procedures without severe allergic ARs,asymptomatic hypertension and kidney failure with serum creatinine levels lower than 250μmol/L or with renal dialysis.Results:A total of 829 patients were enrolled and 22.2%of them had ARs.The majority of reactions were nausea(12.1%)which occurred less when age became old(P<0.0001).When the correlations between a series of variables and ARs were assessed separately,age(P<0.0001),prior reactions(P<0.0001)and motion sickness(P=0.0062)were highly and cardio/cerebrovascular disease(P=0.0015),diabetes(P=0.0001)and renal disease(P=0.0219)were lowly related to ARs.However,when the correlations were assessed simultaneously,only age[odd ratio(OR)0.974;95%confidence interval(CI),0.962–0.986],prior reactions(OR 5.596;95%CI,2.083–15.029)and motion sickness(OR 4.849;95%CI,1.583–14.856)were statistically correlated with ARs.Conclusions:Fluorescein angiography is a safe procedure for patients who are relatively healthy but with a history of any systemic disease.Young age,prior reactions and motion sickness which are highly related to emetic events should be considered in the evaluation of ARs to fluorescein.

Changes of Indocyanine Green and Fluorescein Angiography in Multiple Evanescent White-dot Syndrome: A Case Report

Purpose: To study the clinicopathological change on "Multiple Evanescent White-dot Syndrome (MEWDS)"through fundus angiogrphy analyses.Methods:Examing the case with fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA), visual field and following up for 15 months.Results :There exist multiple white dots in the fundus photo and angiography. The changes on ICGA maintain longer than fundus photo and FFA. Papille may be edematous and macula could present with special hypofluorescent flecks.Conclusions:MEWDS has specific angiographic features. Its pathological changes involve deep retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) as well as choroidal capillaries. The prognosis of the visual acuity for MEWDS is very good.

Application of non-mydriatic fundus photography-assisted telemedicine in diabetic retinopathy screening

BACKGROUND Early screening and accurate staging of diabetic retinopathy(DR)can reduce blindness risk in type 2 diabetes patients.DR’s complex pathogenesis involves many factors,making ophthalmologist screening alone insufficient for prevention and treatment.Often,endocrinologists are the first to see diabetic patients and thus should screen for retinopathy for early intervention.AIM To explore the efficacy of non-mydriatic fundus photography(NMFP)-enhanced telemedicine in assessing DR and its various stages.METHODS This retrospective study incorporated findings from an analysis of 93 diabetic patients,examining both NMFP-assisted telemedicine and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).It focused on assessing the concordance in DR detection between these two methodologies.Additionally,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated to determine the optimal sensitivity and specificity of NMFP-assisted telemedicine,using FFA outcomes as the standard benchmark.RESULTS In the context of DR diagnosis and staging,the kappa coefficients for NMFPassisted telemedicine and FFA were recorded at 0.775 and 0.689 respectively,indicating substantial intermethod agreement.Moreover,the NMFP-assisted telemedicine’s predictive accuracy for positive FFA outcomes,as denoted by the area under the ROC curve,was remarkably high at 0.955,within a confidence interval of 0.914 to 0.995 and a statistically significant P-value of less than 0.001.This predictive model exhibited a specificity of 100%,a sensitivity of 90.9%,and a Youden index of 0.909.CONCLUSION NMFP-assisted telemedicine represents a pragmatic,objective,and precise modality for fundus examination,particularly applicable in the context of endocrinology inpatient care and primary healthcare settings for diabetic patients.Its implementation in these scenarios is of paramount significance,enhancing the clinical accuracy in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of DR.This methodology not only streamlines patient evaluation but also contributes substantially to the optimization of clinical outcomes in DR management.

OCTA characteristics in non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion and correlation with visual acuity

AIM:To observe the retinal and choroidal circulations in patients with non-arteritic permanent central retinal artery occlusion(NA-CRAO)via optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and analyze their correlation with visual acuity.METHODS:Sixty-two eyes with clinically confirmed acute NA-CRAO were included in the study and divided into:A type(mild n=29),B type(moderate n=27)and C type(severe n=6)based on the degree of visual loss,retinal edema,and arterial blood flow delay in fundus fluorescence angiography(FFA).Contralateral healthy eyes were used as the control group.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),slit lamp microscopy,indirect ophthalmoscopy,fundus color photography,OCTA,and FFA were performed.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between retinal and choroidal vessels and visual acuity.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences in age,gender,and intraocular pressure among the three types and the control group(P>0.05).Vessel density in deep capillary plexus(VD-DCP)significantly decreased(P<0.05)in all three types of NA-CRAO patients compared to the control group.Vessel density in superficial vascular plexus(VD-SVP)significantly decreased(P<0.05)in type A patients and choriocapillaris flow area significantly decreased(P<0.05)in type B and type C patients compared to the control group;while outer retinal flow areas significantly increased in the type A(P<0.05)and decreased in type C patients(P<0.05).The retinal thickness significantly increased in type C group(P<0.05).The VD-SVP at fovea in the type A was significantly lower than both of type B and C.The VD-SVP at nasal parafovea in type A and B was significantly lower than type C(P<0.05).The logMAR BCVA of type A was significantly better than that of type B and C groups(P<0.05).Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the logMAR BCVA was positively correlated with VD-SVP at fovea(r=0.679,P=0.031)and nasal parafovea(r=0.826,P=0.013).CONCLUSION:OCTA is valuable for assessing retinal ischemia,and evaluating visual impairment.Deep retinal vasculature is commonly affected in all NA-CRAO types.VDSVPs at fovea and nasal parafovea can serve as reliable markers of visual impairment in NA-CRAO.

梅毒性脉络膜视网膜炎患者114例的临床特征分析

目的:探讨梅毒性脉络膜视网膜炎的发病年龄、性别、职业、婚姻特征、临床症状、体征、眼底造影特征和激光扫描眼底检查特点。方法:回顾性病例系列研究。收集2006-01/2023-01确诊的梅毒性脉络膜视网膜炎患者114例138眼(其中24例为双眼)纳入本研究。所有患者行最佳矫正视力、眼压、眼底照相、光学相干断层扫描(OCT)、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、吲哚菁绿造影(ICGA)、视野、视觉电生理检查;血化验包括快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)及梅毒螺旋体血凝试验(TPPA)、结核菌素试验、结核斑点试验、人类免疫缺陷病毒、人白细胞抗原B27、风湿系列检查资料。结果:所有患者RPR及TPPA阳性,其他化验检查阴性,确诊梅毒性脉络膜视网膜炎。平均发病年龄44±13.1岁,男59例(51.8%),女55例(48.2%),单眼90例(78.9%),双眼24例(21.1%),其性别、婚姻以及职业无显著特征。临床主要表现为视力降低、视盘充血以及后极部视网膜灰黄色混浊;FFA特征主要表现为早期黄斑周围点样弱背景荧光、视网膜血管荧光渗漏染色、视网膜RPE荧光积存以及视盘染色或强荧光;ICGA以及OCT特征主要表现为晚期后极部鳞状弱荧光,FFA与ICGA之间的关系对称一致,OCT显示玻璃体高反射点以及视网膜色素上皮针尖样凸起。结论:梅毒性脉络膜视网膜炎患者发病年龄平均44岁,单眼发病多见,患者性别、婚姻、职业无显著特征,临床主要表现为视力降低,玻璃体灰白色细胞,后极部视网膜混浊增厚感、灰黄色改变,正确识别OCT、FFA、ICGA特征可以减少漏诊误诊,早期正确诊治患者。

扫频源光学相干断层扫描血管成像在眼科临床中的应用进展

扫频源光学相干断层扫描血管成像(SS-OCTA)检查是近几年提出的一种新型血管成像技术,具有非侵入性、快速、高分辨率、自动化血管分层成像等优势,在眼科相关疾病的早期诊断、疗效评估及监测疾病进展等方面具有很高的价值。基于OCTA的基础,SS-OCTA采用快速调谐的激光器和1050 nm的波长,穿透力更强,对视网膜和脉络膜微血管系统进行无创深度分辨成像,加深了对多种眼部疾病(眼底病变、青光眼、神经退行性疾病等)特征的认识。此外,SS-OCTA也可用于研究眼前节结构,如角膜新生血管的深度和密度、虹膜新生血管治疗前后的变化等。该技术为眼科临床实践提供了一种新的手段。本文就SS-OCTA技术在眼科临床的应用进展进行综述。

光学相干断层扫描血管成像参数诊断非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的价值分析

目的:分析光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)诊断非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)的价值。方法:连续纳入2021年1月至2023年6月期间在我科门诊收治的122例有2型糖尿病病史(包括伴或不伴有视网膜病变)的患者,均接受眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)检查和OCTA定量检查。以FFA结果为金标准,并将患者根据FFA结果分为对照组(无NPDR)、轻度NPDR组、中度NPDR组和重度NPDR组。OCTA观察指标包括,视网膜黄斑区中央视网膜厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)、血管线性密度(vascular density,VD)、血流灌注密度(perfusion density,PD)、黄斑中心凹无血管区面积(foveal avascular zone area,FAZ-A)、黄斑中心凹无血管区周长(foveal avascular zone perimeter,FAZ-P)、圆形指数(foveal avascular zone circularity index,FAZ-CI)。用单因素方差或非参数方法分析比较各组间定量指标的差异,取其中存在显著组间差异的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归模型,分析反映NPDR患病和严重程度的指标,并绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析单独或联合指标对于NPDR的诊断价值。结果:VD在各NPDR组中较对照组均显著下降,重度NPDR组较轻度、中度NPDR组均显著下降(P<0.05);PD在中度和重度NPDR组较对照组均显著下降(P<0.05),在重度NPDR组较轻度和中度NPDR组均显著下降(P<0.05);FAZ-A在各NPDR组中较对照组均显著下降(P<0.05),但在各NPDR组间均无统计学差异;FAZ-P在各NPDR组中较对照组均显著下降(P<0.05),但在各NPDR组间均无统计学差异;FAZ-CI在各组间均无统计学差异。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,CMT升高、VD和FAZ-P下降与NPDR患病相关(P=0.03,<0.001和0.001);CMT上升和VD下降与NPDR严重程度相关(P=0.01,<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,CMT(>260.00μm)、VD(<16.55/mm2)和FAZ-P(<2.15 mm)对NPDR均具有单独诊断价值(AUC分别为0.63、0.78和0.70),其中VD的诊断效能显著高于CMT(P=0.02),CMT与VD或FAZ-P的诊断效能之间则无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。CMT、VD和FAZ-P指标联合诊断NPDR的诊断效能(AUC=0.86)显著高于任一单项指标的诊断效能(P均<0.05)。结论:OCTA检查参数CMT、VD和FAZ-P均独立具备对NPDR的诊断价值,将三者联合使用则能进一步提高其诊断效能。OCTA血流参数联合黄斑形态参数可有效提高NPDR的临床诊断。

光学相干断层扫描在视网膜中央动脉阻塞的应用

目的研究应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和眼底彩照对视网膜动脉阻塞黄斑区变化图的分析。方法应用海德堡激光眼科诊断仪(HRA-OCT)对30例视网膜中央动脉阻塞(CRAO)进行OCT检查和眼底彩照,观察其形态学特征。利用OCT图像分析CRAO的特点。用HRA-OCT对19例CRAD患者进行黄斑部水平径线、垂直径线扫描,并眼底照相机眼底照相。13例测量患眼与对侧眼的视网膜中心凹旁鼻,颞侧厚度,SPSS21.0统计软件包,采用配对样本t检验。结果OCT特征:阻塞的视网膜增厚,内层结构分辨不清,神经上皮层部分反光增强,视网膜内层高反射率高。彩照显示后极部视网膜呈乳白色水肿,黄斑区有樱桃红点。比较患眼与健康眼的视网膜中心凹旁鼻侧厚度(t=-80.992,P<0.001);患眼与健康眼的视网膜中心凹旁颞侧厚度(t=-56.623,P<0.001),以及患眼视网膜中心凹旁颞侧与鼻侧的厚度(t=-60.463,,P<0.001),差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论HRA-OCT能无创地观察CRAO视网膜组织形态学改变,对临床诊治提供指导性意义。

OCTA在早期糖尿病视网膜病变诊断中的应用及特异度、灵敏度分析

目的分析光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)对早期糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)诊断中的价值。方法选取晋江市医院眼科于2023年1月—2024年1月收治的94例(176眼)疑似DR患者为研究对象,均开展OCTA检查和眼底荧光素血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)。将FFA结果作为金标准,评价OCTA对早期DR的诊断价值,通过kappa一致性检验分析OCTA诊断DR与FFA结果的一致性。结果FFA共检出122眼DR,54眼无DR;OCTA共检出119眼DR,57眼无DR。OCTA诊断早期DR的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为94.26%、92.59%、93.75%、96.64%、87.72%。kappa检验结果可知,OCTA诊断DR与FFA结果的一致性较强(kappa=0.792)。结论OCTA诊断DR与FFA结果的一致性较强,有助于诊断早期DR,具有较高灵敏度、特异度。

青年人近距离阅读纸质及电子文本对黄斑区微循环的短期影响

目的探讨持续近距离阅读相同内容的纸质文本和电子文本对健康青年人黄斑区微循环产生的短期影响。方法前瞻性使用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)测量2021年5—10月就读于潍坊医学院的30名(60眼)健康在校大学生阅读纸质文本和电子文本1 h前后,黄斑区浅层视网膜血流密度(SVD)、深层视网膜血流密度(DVD)及脉络膜血流密度(CVD)和黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(SFCT)的变化并进行对比。结果经过量化分析,阅读纸质文本1 h,SVD在中心凹的下降[(18.3±7.4)%,(17.4±7.2)%]和旁中心凹下方区域的下降[(50.2±4.2)%,(48.0±5.5)%],差异有统计学意义(Z=2.93,P=0.021;Z=3.25,P=0.007);在其他的采集区域中,干预前后SVD的改变差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。阅读电子文本1 h后,CVD下降[(75.8±4.1)%,(74.7±4.9)%](t=2.36,P=0.022);SFCT下降(289.0±6.2,280.7±6.6)(t=2.35,P=0.022)。结论持续近距离阅读纸质文本1 h,会引起黄斑区浅层视网膜血流在短期内下降;持续近距离阅读电子文本1 h,会引起黄斑区脉络膜血流在短期内下降。这会增加一些眼底疾病的发病率。

超广域SS-OCTA联合超广角激光扫描眼底成像对糖尿病视网膜病变的诊断价值

目的 超广域扫频源光学相干断层扫描血管成像(UWF SS-OCTA)联合超广角激光扫描眼底成像(UWF SLO)对糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者病变的检出率以及对DR分级诊断价值的研究。方法 横断面研究。招募在四川省人民医院眼科就诊的糖尿病患者。所有参与者都接受了UWF SS-OCTA、UWF SLO和荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查,用于检测DR病变,包括微动脉瘤(MA)、视网膜内出血(IRH)、视网膜无灌注区(NPAs)、视网膜内微血管异常(IRMAs)、视网膜静脉串珠(VB)、视网膜新生血管(NVE)、视盘新生血管(NVD)及玻璃体积血(VH)。联合三类影像检查(以下简称三联影像)结果作为标准对照,对比不同影像两两联合对DR病变的检出率及对DR严重度分级的一致性。结果 共纳入101例175眼。与三联影像结果相比,UWF SS-OCTA联合UWF SLO对MA、IRH、NPAs、IRMAs、NVE、NVD及VH的检出率分别为91%、83%、77%、69%、27%、10%及12%,Kappa依次为0.812、1.000、1.000、1.000、0.986、0.970及1.000。与三联影像结果相比,UWF SS-OCTA联合UWF SLO对DR的严重度分级具有优异一致性(Kappa=0.943)。结论 UWF SS-OCTA联合UWF SLO能准确识别MA、IRH、NPAs、IRMAs、NVE、NVD及VH,对DR筛查及分级诊断准确性高,适用于临床上对DR的大规模筛查与管理。

基于光学相干断层成像的剥脱综合征和剥脱性青光眼眼底病变研究进展

剥脱综合征(exfoliation syndrome,XFS)以眼内异常纤维样物质沉积为特征,临床典型表现为裂隙灯下瞳孔缘和(或)晶状体前囊膜存在灰白色粉末状的剥脱物(exfoliation material,XFM)。XFM可阻塞小梁网引起剥脱性青光眼(exfoliaiton glaucoma,XFG),并可通过房水循环进入血液,引起血管性损害。眼底病变视力损伤通常不可逆,XFM可进入眼底微血管及毛细血管,引起眼底结构和血管异常。基于光学相干断层成像技术的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)及光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)以实时、非侵入性、高分辨率等优势,已广泛应用于眼底组织结构及血管病变检查。文章对XFS眼底病变在OCT和OCTA上的表现进行综述。

多模影像对糖尿病小鼠眼底特征的实验研究

目的观察糖尿病小鼠视网膜影像改变特征,为糖尿病小鼠视网膜病理改变特征提供影像学依据。方法8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠连续5 d腹腔注射链脲佐菌素STZ(50 mg/kg),1周后测量小鼠空腹血糖浓度,模型复制成功的糖尿病小鼠(模型组)与正常小鼠(对照组)喂养5个月,5个月后对正常小鼠和糖尿病小鼠进行双眼光学相干断层扫描/光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCT/OCTA)及眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)检测,采用图湃软件和Image J软件得出眼底视网膜厚度,血管密度、形态及管径大小,以及荧光素渗漏情况等数据,最后用GraphPad Prism进行统计学分析。结果对照组内层内环视网膜厚度大于模型组(P<0.05),对照组内层中、外环及外层内、中、外环厚度与模型组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组表层及深层内、中、外环视网膜血管密度与模型组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组一、二级血管管径值均窄于模型组、(P<0.05)。应用多模影像技术可以明确糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的具体部位及捕捉DR的病变特征,包括微血管瘤、视网膜薄变、小血管迂曲扩张,以及迂曲扩张的小血管周围毛细血管网间隙增宽和囊样暗腔样改变。结论OCT/OCTA及FFA的多模影像相结合,可以活体监测DR小鼠视网膜早期损伤及毛细血管早期特征改变,对DR基础研究发挥一定作用。

2型糖尿病肾病患者尿白蛋白肌酐比与视网膜微循环参数的相关性研究

目的研究2型糖尿病肾病患者尿白蛋白肌酐比(Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio,UACR)和视网膜微循环各项参数的相关性。方法选取2022年3—12月苏州大学附属第三医院及苏州大学附属常州老年病医院收治的95例2型糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象。根据UACR水平分为U1组(UACR<10 mg/g,28例,28眼)、U2组(UACR:10~30 mg/g,46例,46眼)、U3组(UACR:30~300 mg/g,21例,21眼)。利用光学相干断层成像,测量3组患者黄斑中心凹区和旁中心凹区浅层毛细血管丛血流密度(Superficial Capillary Plexus Vessel Den⁃sity,SCP-VD)、深层毛细血管丛血流密度(Deep Capillary Plexus Vessel Density,DCP-VD)、中心凹无血管区(Foveal Avascular Zone,FAZ)面积与周长,观察指标差异,分析指标与UACR相关性。结果3组患者中心凹区SCP-VD、旁中心凹区SCP-VD、中心凹区DCP-VD、旁中心凹区DCP-VD、FAZ面积比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);3组患者FAZ周长比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);UACR与中心凹区SCP-VD、旁中心凹区SCP-VD、中心凹区DCP-VD、旁中心凹区DCP-VD负相关(r=-0.410、-0.689、-0.545、-0.627,P均<0.05),与FAZ面积正相关(r=0.463,P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者UACR与中心凹区SCP-VD、旁中心凹区SCP-VD、中心凹区DCP-VD、旁中心凹区DCP-VD、FAZ面积存在相关性。OCTA视网膜微循环参数可作为糖尿病肾病损害程度的评估指标。