An acylation method of 3,4-diaminofurazan was developed. Under the catalysts of p-Tolu- enesulfonic acid, 3-amino-4-formylaminofurazan, 3-amino-4-acetylaminofurazan, 3-amino-4-propio- nylaminofurazan, 3-amino-4-butylr...An acylation method of 3,4-diaminofurazan was developed. Under the catalysts of p-Tolu- enesulfonic acid, 3-amino-4-formylaminofurazan, 3-amino-4-acetylaminofurazan, 3-amino-4-propio- nylaminofurazan, 3-amino-4-butylramino-furazan and 3-amino-4-benzoylaminofurazan were synthe- sized by acylation of 3,4-diaminofurazan with formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and benzoic acid respectively. Also, 3,4-diacetylaminofurazan and 3,4-dipropionylaminofurazan were synthesized by acylation of 3,4-diaminofurazan with acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride re- spectively. Compared with the traditional method which uses acyl halogen as reagent, our method reduced the reaction time and increased the yield and purify. The 3-amino-4-acylaminofurazan could be hydrolyzed to 3,4-diaminofurazan in ethanol with acid catalyst.展开更多
bis(azidomethyl) 3,3′ bis(1,2,4 oxadiazole)(Ⅰ) and bis(azidoacetamino) oxazofurazan(Ⅱ) were synthesized. The structures of these two compounds have been identified by IR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analy...bis(azidomethyl) 3,3′ bis(1,2,4 oxadiazole)(Ⅰ) and bis(azidoacetamino) oxazofurazan(Ⅱ) were synthesized. The structures of these two compounds have been identified by IR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Azido groups were introduced into furazan derivatives and energetic materials of high nitrogen content and high enthalpy of formation can be obtained. The densities of compound Ⅰ and Ⅱ are relatively high. Compound Ⅰ is an azide of lower melting point, it is hopeful to be applied as energetic plastic additives.展开更多
An energetic salt of bis（l,5-diamino-lH-tetrazolium）3,3＂-bis（nitramino）-4, 4x-azo- furazan （C6H10N2206） was synthesized with the total yield of 61.7% by using 3,4-diaminofurazan （DAF） as the starting material...An energetic salt of bis（l,5-diamino-lH-tetrazolium）3,3＂-bis（nitramino）-4, 4x-azo- furazan （C6H10N2206） was synthesized with the total yield of 61.7% by using 3,4-diaminofurazan （DAF） as the starting material. The structure of the title compound was confirmed by NMR, IR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group P21/c with a = 10.739（2）, b = 6.4765（12）, c = 14.138（3） A, fl= 108.787（3）°, V= 930.9（3） A3, Z = 1, Mr= 486.36, Dc = 1.735 g.cm3, μ= 0.15 mm-1, F（000） = 496, R = 0.042 and wR = 0.121. The thermal stability was analyzed by subsequently differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. And the enthalpy of formation and detonation was calculated theoretically, showing the first decomposition temperature was 142.1℃, the enthalpy of formation was 1614.23 kJ.mol1 and the detonation velocity and detonation pressure were 8.781 km.s-1 and 30.7 GPa, respectively.展开更多
Bis(azidoacetamino)furazan (DAZAF) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and MS as an energetic compound. The crystal structure of the title compound was determined by single-crystal X-ra...Bis(azidoacetamino)furazan (DAZAF) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and MS as an energetic compound. The crystal structure of the title compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with the following data: C6H6N10O3, monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 4, a = 8.402(3), b = 15.146(3), c = 9.247(3) ? ?= 111.09(2)? V = 1098.0(6) 3, Mr = 266.18, Dc = 1.610 g/cm3, F(000) = 544, ?=1.34 cm-1, R = 0.037 and wR = 0.044 for 2136 observed reflections (I > 2(I)). Intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds were identified between the O and H atoms of two intramolecular acetylamino groups and two intermolecular acetylamino groups, respectively.展开更多
Some nitro-substituted triazole-furazan derivatives are considered as potential candidates for high energy density compounds through quantum chemical treatment. Their geometric and electronic structures,band gap,therm...Some nitro-substituted triazole-furazan derivatives are considered as potential candidates for high energy density compounds through quantum chemical treatment. Their geometric and electronic structures,band gap,thermodynamic properties and detonation properties were studied using the density functional theory at the B3 LYP /6- 311 ＋ G＊＊level. The calculated energy of explosion,density,and detonation properties of model compounds were comparable to 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane（ RDX） and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane（ HMX）. The heats of formation and bond dissociation energy were also analysed to understand the nature of thermal stabilities and the trigger bond in the pyrolysis process.展开更多
Furazan and furoxan represent fascinating explosophoric units with intriguing structures and unique properties.Compared with other nitrogen-rich heterocycles,most poly furazan and furoxan-based heterocycles demonstrat...Furazan and furoxan represent fascinating explosophoric units with intriguing structures and unique properties.Compared with other nitrogen-rich heterocycles,most poly furazan and furoxan-based heterocycles demonstrate superior energetic performances due to the higher enthalpy of formation and density levels.A large variety of advanced energetic materials have been achieved based on the combination of furazan and furoxan moieties with different kinds of linkers and this review provides an overview of the development of energetic poly furazan and furoxan structures during the past decades,with their physical properties and detonation characteristics summarized and compa red with traditional energetic materials.Various synthetic strategies towards these compact energetic structures are highlighted by covering the most important cyclization methods for construction of the hetercyclic scaffolds and the following modifications such as nitrations and oxidations.Given the synthetic availabilities and outstanding properties,energetic materials based on poly furazan and furoxan structures are undoubtedly listed as a promising candidate for the development of new-generation explosives,propellants and pyrotechnics.展开更多
In this paper,eight 4-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)furazan(TZFZ)derivatives were designed,and the molecular configurations of TZFZ compounds were optimized by using the B3LYP/6-311+G*level.Meanwhile,the detonation performance...In this paper,eight 4-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)furazan(TZFZ)derivatives were designed,and the molecular configurations of TZFZ compounds were optimized by using the B3LYP/6-311+G*level.Meanwhile,the detonation performance,density,impact sensitivity,heat of formation and oxygen balance have been investigated.The results clearly and intuitively illustrate that the introduction of-NO2 and coordination oxygen plays a pivotal role in increasing the density and heat of formation.In summary,the properties of these compounds are better than the traditional explosives RDX and TNT,especially the density and detonation pressure.Energetic evaluations showed that compounds B1(P=36.73 GPa;D=8.98 km·s^(-1),ρ=1.88 g·cm^(-3))and B7(P=38.51 GPa;D=9.17 km·s-1,ρ=1.90 g·cm^(-3))could be seen as promising candidates of energetic insensitive compounds with remarkable performance.展开更多
Furazan macrocyclic compound 3,4:7,8:11,12:15,16-tetrafurazan-1,9-dioxazo-5,13-diazocyclohexadecane(DOATF)is an ideal energetic material with high heat of formation.Here,using scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)and non...Furazan macrocyclic compound 3,4:7,8:11,12:15,16-tetrafurazan-1,9-dioxazo-5,13-diazocyclohexadecane(DOATF)is an ideal energetic material with high heat of formation.Here,using scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)and noncontact atomic force microscopy(nc-AFM),we investigated the adsorption structure of DOATF molecules on Au(111)surface,which shows the four furanzan rings in the STM images and a bright protrusion off the center of the molecule in the nc-AFM images.Combined with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,we confirmed that the bright feature in the nc-AFM images is an N-O coordinate bond pointing upwards in one of the two azoxy groups;while the other N-O bond pointing towards the Au(111)surface.Our work contributes for a deeper understanding of the adsorption structure of macrocyclic compounds,which would promote the designing of DOATF-metal frameworks.展开更多
文摘An acylation method of 3,4-diaminofurazan was developed. Under the catalysts of p-Tolu- enesulfonic acid, 3-amino-4-formylaminofurazan, 3-amino-4-acetylaminofurazan, 3-amino-4-propio- nylaminofurazan, 3-amino-4-butylramino-furazan and 3-amino-4-benzoylaminofurazan were synthe- sized by acylation of 3,4-diaminofurazan with formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and benzoic acid respectively. Also, 3,4-diacetylaminofurazan and 3,4-dipropionylaminofurazan were synthesized by acylation of 3,4-diaminofurazan with acetic anhydride and propionic anhydride re- spectively. Compared with the traditional method which uses acyl halogen as reagent, our method reduced the reaction time and increased the yield and purify. The 3-amino-4-acylaminofurazan could be hydrolyzed to 3,4-diaminofurazan in ethanol with acid catalyst.
文摘bis(azidomethyl) 3,3′ bis(1,2,4 oxadiazole)(Ⅰ) and bis(azidoacetamino) oxazofurazan(Ⅱ) were synthesized. The structures of these two compounds have been identified by IR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Azido groups were introduced into furazan derivatives and energetic materials of high nitrogen content and high enthalpy of formation can be obtained. The densities of compound Ⅰ and Ⅱ are relatively high. Compound Ⅰ is an azide of lower melting point, it is hopeful to be applied as energetic plastic additives.
文摘An energetic salt of bis（l,5-diamino-lH-tetrazolium）3,3＂-bis（nitramino）-4, 4x-azo- furazan （C6H10N2206） was synthesized with the total yield of 61.7% by using 3,4-diaminofurazan （DAF） as the starting material. The structure of the title compound was confirmed by NMR, IR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group P21/c with a = 10.739（2）, b = 6.4765（12）, c = 14.138（3） A, fl= 108.787（3）°, V= 930.9（3） A3, Z = 1, Mr= 486.36, Dc = 1.735 g.cm3, μ= 0.15 mm-1, F（000） = 496, R = 0.042 and wR = 0.121. The thermal stability was analyzed by subsequently differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. And the enthalpy of formation and detonation was calculated theoretically, showing the first decomposition temperature was 142.1℃, the enthalpy of formation was 1614.23 kJ.mol1 and the detonation velocity and detonation pressure were 8.781 km.s-1 and 30.7 GPa, respectively.
文摘Bis(azidoacetamino)furazan (DAZAF) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and MS as an energetic compound. The crystal structure of the title compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with the following data: C6H6N10O3, monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 4, a = 8.402(3), b = 15.146(3), c = 9.247(3) ? ?= 111.09(2)? V = 1098.0(6) 3, Mr = 266.18, Dc = 1.610 g/cm3, F(000) = 544, ?=1.34 cm-1, R = 0.037 and wR = 0.044 for 2136 observed reflections (I > 2(I)). Intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds were identified between the O and H atoms of two intramolecular acetylamino groups and two intermolecular acetylamino groups, respectively.
文摘Some nitro-substituted triazole-furazan derivatives are considered as potential candidates for high energy density compounds through quantum chemical treatment. Their geometric and electronic structures,band gap,thermodynamic properties and detonation properties were studied using the density functional theory at the B3 LYP /6- 311 ＋ G＊＊level. The calculated energy of explosion,density,and detonation properties of model compounds were comparable to 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane（ RDX） and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane（ HMX）. The heats of formation and bond dissociation energy were also analysed to understand the nature of thermal stabilities and the trigger bond in the pyrolysis process.
基金financial support from the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21805223 and 21805226)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M633552)the China Scholarship Council(No.201805290006)。
文摘Furazan and furoxan represent fascinating explosophoric units with intriguing structures and unique properties.Compared with other nitrogen-rich heterocycles,most poly furazan and furoxan-based heterocycles demonstrate superior energetic performances due to the higher enthalpy of formation and density levels.A large variety of advanced energetic materials have been achieved based on the combination of furazan and furoxan moieties with different kinds of linkers and this review provides an overview of the development of energetic poly furazan and furoxan structures during the past decades,with their physical properties and detonation characteristics summarized and compa red with traditional energetic materials.Various synthetic strategies towards these compact energetic structures are highlighted by covering the most important cyclization methods for construction of the hetercyclic scaffolds and the following modifications such as nitrations and oxidations.Given the synthetic availabilities and outstanding properties,energetic materials based on poly furazan and furoxan structures are undoubtedly listed as a promising candidate for the development of new-generation explosives,propellants and pyrotechnics.
基金the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology(Beijing Institute of Technology)(No.KFJJ20-03M)Doctoral Foundation of SWUST(No.17zx7128)Major Special Projects of the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission of China(No.14021001040305-5)。
文摘In this paper,eight 4-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)furazan(TZFZ)derivatives were designed,and the molecular configurations of TZFZ compounds were optimized by using the B3LYP/6-311+G*level.Meanwhile,the detonation performance,density,impact sensitivity,heat of formation and oxygen balance have been investigated.The results clearly and intuitively illustrate that the introduction of-NO2 and coordination oxygen plays a pivotal role in increasing the density and heat of formation.In summary,the properties of these compounds are better than the traditional explosives RDX and TNT,especially the density and detonation pressure.Energetic evaluations showed that compounds B1(P=36.73 GPa;D=8.98 km·s^(-1),ρ=1.88 g·cm^(-3))and B7(P=38.51 GPa;D=9.17 km·s-1,ρ=1.90 g·cm^(-3))could be seen as promising candidates of energetic insensitive compounds with remarkable performance.
基金the National Key Research and Development Projects of China(Grant No.2019YFA0308500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61888102)the Funds from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB30000000 and YSBR-003)。
文摘Furazan macrocyclic compound 3,4:7,8:11,12:15,16-tetrafurazan-1,9-dioxazo-5,13-diazocyclohexadecane(DOATF)is an ideal energetic material with high heat of formation.Here,using scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)and noncontact atomic force microscopy(nc-AFM),we investigated the adsorption structure of DOATF molecules on Au(111)surface,which shows the four furanzan rings in the STM images and a bright protrusion off the center of the molecule in the nc-AFM images.Combined with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,we confirmed that the bright feature in the nc-AFM images is an N-O coordinate bond pointing upwards in one of the two azoxy groups;while the other N-O bond pointing towards the Au(111)surface.Our work contributes for a deeper understanding of the adsorption structure of macrocyclic compounds,which would promote the designing of DOATF-metal frameworks.
