Nuclear Fusion Research and Development Need New Relativistic Mass and Energy Corrections Given by the Information Relativity Theory

Hundred years after the conjecture of the British astronomer Eddington that the sun is powered by nuclear fusion of hydrogen, new physics theory may help make energy harvesting by nuclear fusion soon a reality. Researchers as well as investors funding fusion megaprojects are asked to deal with new relativistic corrections for mass and energy proposed by Suleiman in his Information Relativity Theory (IRT). These corrections were calculated in this contribution. It will help to decide whether a venture will be successful and to save big investments when in doubt. The assumed optimal kinetic energy for controlled nuclear fusion must be corrected to a somewhat higher level. At very high kinetic energy in the upper GeV range, it remains not enough baryonic mass to be transformed in energy. The fusion probability faded out to zero already at the golden limit of the recession speed of between target nucleon and projectile nucleon. Cold nuclear fusion, if ever possible, is recommended for protons rather than deuterons at highest experimental possible temperatures around 1000 (K) and needs fine-tuned kinetic nucleon energy. It would be also of interest whether a golden ratio based nuclear fuel confinement chamber could be beneficial. In this connection, also cold nuclear fusion setups should be discussed. Nature is governed by the golden ratio and criticality of physical systems influenced by it, and nuclear physics is not an exception. Computer simulations of the underlying controlled nuclear fusion processes should gain profit from IRT corrected starting information and may tackle anew possible low energy nuclear transmutations considering the wave-like dark components of matter and energy.

MHD Stability Analysis and Flow Controls of Liquid Metal Free Surface Film Flows as Fusion Reactor PFCs

Numerical and experimental investigation results on the magnetohydrodynamics（MHD） film flows along flat and curved bottom surfaces are summarized in this study. A simplified modeling has been developed to study the liquid metal MHD film state, which has been validated by the existing experimental results. Numerical results on how the inlet velocity（V）, the chute width（W） and the inlet film thickness（d0） affect the MHD film flow state are obtained. MHD stability analysis results are also provided in this study. The results show that strong magnetic fields make the stable V decrease several times compared to the case with no magnetic field,especially small radial magnetic fields（Bn） will have a significant impact on the MHD film flow state. Based on the above numerical and MHD stability analysis results flow control methods are proposed for flat and curved MHD film flows. For curved film flow we firstly proposed a new multi-layers MHD film flow system with a solid metal mesh to get the stable MHD film flows along the curved bottom surface. Experiments on flat and curved MHD film flows are also carried out and some firstly observed results are achieved.

Controlling Fusion of Majorana Fermions in One-Dimensional Systems by Zeeman Field

We propose the realization of Majorana fermions （MFs） on the edges of a two-dimensional topological insulator in the proximity with s-wave superconductors and in the presence of transverse exchange field h. It is shown that there appear a pair of MFs localized at two junctions and that a reverse in the direction of h can lead to permutation of two MFs. With decreasing h, the MF states can either be fused or form one Dirac fermion on the π-junctions, exhibiting a topological phase transition. This characteristic can be used to detect physical states of MFs when they are transformed into Dirac fermions MFs is also given. localized on the π-junction. A condition of decoupling two

A Stable Switch Method Based on Fusion in Uncalibrated Visual Servoing

Stable switch control between multiple cameras for uncalibrated visual servoing was studied. Switch images based on fusion were presented to get the continuous dynamic image Jacobian matrix among robots and distributed visual sensors. The designed fusion algorithm is suitable to have dynamically adjustable fusion weights, and the fusion structure was analyzed. Simulations and experiments without any knowledge of mobile robots and uncalibrated visual sensors show that the method has higher adaptability than the traditional instant switch control method. The method can enhance the system stability at the switching process.

Study on the Driving Style Adaptive Vehicle Longitudinal Control Strategy

This paper presents a fusion control strategy of adaptive cruise control(ACC) and collision avoidance(CA),which takes into account a driver’s behavioral style. First, a questionnaire survey was performed to identify driver type, and the corresponding driving behavioral data were collected via driving simulator experiments, which served as the template data for the online identification of driver type. Then, the driveradaptive ACC/CA fusion control strategy was designed, and its effect was verified by virtual experiments. The results indicate that the proposed control strategy could achieve the fusion control of ACC and CA successfully and improve driver adaptability and comfort.

The CASTOR-K Code,Recent Developments and Applications

The CASTOR-K code is a hybrid magnetohydrodynamic （MHD）-drift kinetic code developed for the study of MHD modes in the presence of energetic ion populations. It allows a fast assessment of the linear stability of the modes, as well as an accurate calculation of damping due to thermal species （Landau damping）. These capabilities make the code an invaluable tool for parametric studies and data analysis. In recent years, CASTOR-K has been mostly used to analyze JET data, including the identification of mechanisms involved in the expulsion of energetic ions from the plasma. However, in order to prepare the code to be used for a wider range of tokamaks including ITER, the code is being subject to a series of important improvements. These improvements aim not only to introduce new physics in the code but also to make it capable of exchanging data with other codes through its integration in modelling infrastructures. In this paper a description of the CASTOR-K code is presented, as well as a summary of the most important results obtained with this code and a description of the new improvements being implemented.

Primary exploration of nonlinear information fusion control theory

By introducing Information fusion techniques into a control field, a new theory of information fusion control （IFC） is proposed. Based on the theory of information fusion estimation, optimal control of nonlinear discrete control system is investi- gated. All information on control strategy, including ideal control strategy, expected object trajectory and dynamics of system, are regarded as measuring information of control strategy. Therefore, the problem of optimal control is transferred into the one of information fusion estimation. Firstly, the nonlinear information fusion estimation theorems are described. Secondly, an algorithm of nonlinear IFC theory is detailedly deduced. Finally, the simulation results of manipulator shift control are given, which show the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented algorithm.

On the control of fusion in the local category for the p-block with a minimal nonabelian defect group

If B is a p-block of a finite group G with a minimal nonabelian defect group D (p is an odd prime number) and (D, b D ) is a Sylow B-subpair of G, then N G (D, b D ) controls B-fusion of G in most cases. This result is of great importance, because we can use it to obtain a complete set of representatives of G-conjugate classes of B-subsections and to calculate the number of ordinary irreducible characters in B. This result is key to the calculation of the structure invariants of the block with a minimal nonablian defect group. On the other hand, we improve Brauer's famous formula k(B) =Σ (ω,b ω ) l(b ω ),where (ω, b ω ) ∈ [(G : sp(B))]. Let p be any prime number, B be a p-block of a finite group G and (D, b D ) be a Sylow B-subpair of G. H is a subgroup of N G (D, b D ) satisfying N G (R, b R ) = N H (R, b R )C G (R), (R, b R ) ∈ A 0 (D, b D ), N G ( w , b w' ) = N H ( w , b w' )C G (w' ), (w' , b w' ) ∈ (D, b D ). If w 1 , . . . , w l is a complete set of representatives of H-conjugate classes of D, then (w 1 , b w 1 ), . . . , (w l , b w l ) is a complete set of representatives of G-conjugate classes of B-subsections in G. In particular, we have k(B) =Σ l j=1 l(b w j ).

A New Hybrid Control Scheme for an Integrated Helicopter and Engine System

A new hybrid control scheme is presented with a robust multiple model fusion control（RMMFC） law for a UH-60 helicopter and an active disturbance rejection control（ADRC） controller for its engines.This scheme is a control design method with every subsystem designed separately but fully considering the couplings between them.With three subspaces with respect to forward flight velocity,a RMMFC is proposed to devise a four-loop reference signal tracing control for the helicopter,which escapes the closed-loop system from unstable state due to the extreme complexity of this integrated nonlinear system.The engines are controlled by the proposed ADRC decoupling controller,which fully takes advantage of a good compensation ability for unmodeled dynamics and extra disturbances,so as to compensate torque disturbance in power turbine speed loop.By simulating a forward acceleration flight task,the RMMFC for the helicopter is validated.It is apparent that the integrated helicopter and engine system（IHES） has much better dynamic performance under the new control scheme.Especially in the switching process,the large transient is significantly weakened,and smooth transition among candidate controllers is achieved.Over the entire simulation task,the droop of power turbine speed with the proposed ADRC controller is significantly slighter than with the conventional PID controller,and the response time of the former is much faster than the latter.By simulating a rapid climb and descent flight task,the results also show the feasibility for the application of the proposed multiple model fusion control.Although there is aggressive power demand in this maneuver,the droop of power turbine speed with an ADRC controller is smaller than using a PID controller.The control performance for helicopter and engine is enhanced by adopting this hybrid control scheme,and simulation results in other envelope state give proofs of robustness for this new scheme.