Fruit size is one of the most important agronomic characters,which is mainly determined by cell number and cell size.However,our current knowledge about pear is largely unknown.Through counting of pear mesocarp cells ...Fruit size is one of the most important agronomic characters,which is mainly determined by cell number and cell size.However,our current knowledge about pear is largely unknown.Through counting of pear mesocarp cells at different stages,we found that the cell number,rather than the cell size,is responsible for the differences between small- and large-fruited cultivars.Fruit weight-2.2（fw2.2） is an important quantitative trait locus（QTL） affecting fruit weight in tomato and functions as a negative regulator in carpel cell division.To get more insights into this QTL in pear fruit development,we isolated two putative homologous fw2.2 genes,which were designated as fw2.2-like（PbFWL） genes.PbFWLs encode Cys-rich proteins with the CCXXXXCPC motif and belong to the PLAC8 superfamily.In addition,results from the subcellular localization indicated that PbFWLs were localized in the plasma membrane.The expression profile of the PbFWL genes by qRT-PCR showed they expressed higher in small-sized fruit cultivar than that in large-sized fruit cultivar during the cell division period.In summary,our data suggest that these two PbFWLs might be negatively related to the cell division in pear fruit.展开更多
Food waste(FW)has been recognized as essential reservoir for resource recovery via anaerobic fermentation,which could also bring the potential risk of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)dissemination.Although the struct...Food waste(FW)has been recognized as essential reservoir for resource recovery via anaerobic fermentation,which could also bring the potential risk of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)dissemination.Although the structural deficiency of FW could be stimulated by enzymatic pretreatment to enhance fermentation efficiency,the influences of enzymatic pretreatment on ARGs fate and microbial metabolic pathways involved in ARGs dissemination have rarely been reported.This work proved that enzymatic pretreatment could effectively decrease the total abundance of ARGs(reduced by 13.8%-24.5%)during long-term FW fermentation.It was found that enzymatic pretreatment significantly reduced the ARGs belonging to the efflux pump,which might be ascribed to its ability to increase membrane permeability.Furthermore,enzymatic pretreatment was in favor of reducing microbial diversity and various potential ARGs host(e.g.,Methanosarcina,Clostridium,Prevotella,Parabacteroides).Also,this pretreatment remarkably up-regulated the genetic expressions involved in ABC transporter(e.g.,eryF and mntA)and down-regulated the genetic expressions that participated in DNA replication,two-component systems(e.g.,uphA and cckA),and quorum sensing(e.g.,rpfF and lsrG),thereby decreasing ARGs transmission.This study would expand the insight of the influences of pretreatment method on ARGs fate during FW fermentation,and offer practical guidance on the sustainable management of FW.展开更多
基金supported by the National High-Tech Researchand Development Program of China(2011AA10020604)the Pomology Major Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(201130102-1)the Special Research Projects of National Forestry Industry of Public Benefit,China(201304701-1)
文摘Fruit size is one of the most important agronomic characters,which is mainly determined by cell number and cell size.However,our current knowledge about pear is largely unknown.Through counting of pear mesocarp cells at different stages,we found that the cell number,rather than the cell size,is responsible for the differences between small- and large-fruited cultivars.Fruit weight-2.2（fw2.2） is an important quantitative trait locus（QTL） affecting fruit weight in tomato and functions as a negative regulator in carpel cell division.To get more insights into this QTL in pear fruit development,we isolated two putative homologous fw2.2 genes,which were designated as fw2.2-like（PbFWL） genes.PbFWLs encode Cys-rich proteins with the CCXXXXCPC motif and belong to the PLAC8 superfamily.In addition,results from the subcellular localization indicated that PbFWLs were localized in the plasma membrane.The expression profile of the PbFWL genes by qRT-PCR showed they expressed higher in small-sized fruit cultivar than that in large-sized fruit cultivar during the cell division period.In summary,our data suggest that these two PbFWLs might be negatively related to the cell division in pear fruit.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1906302)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.22ZR1466900)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M692423).
文摘Food waste(FW)has been recognized as essential reservoir for resource recovery via anaerobic fermentation,which could also bring the potential risk of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)dissemination.Although the structural deficiency of FW could be stimulated by enzymatic pretreatment to enhance fermentation efficiency,the influences of enzymatic pretreatment on ARGs fate and microbial metabolic pathways involved in ARGs dissemination have rarely been reported.This work proved that enzymatic pretreatment could effectively decrease the total abundance of ARGs(reduced by 13.8%-24.5%)during long-term FW fermentation.It was found that enzymatic pretreatment significantly reduced the ARGs belonging to the efflux pump,which might be ascribed to its ability to increase membrane permeability.Furthermore,enzymatic pretreatment was in favor of reducing microbial diversity and various potential ARGs host(e.g.,Methanosarcina,Clostridium,Prevotella,Parabacteroides).Also,this pretreatment remarkably up-regulated the genetic expressions involved in ABC transporter(e.g.,eryF and mntA)and down-regulated the genetic expressions that participated in DNA replication,two-component systems(e.g.,uphA and cckA),and quorum sensing(e.g.,rpfF and lsrG),thereby decreasing ARGs transmission.This study would expand the insight of the influences of pretreatment method on ARGs fate during FW fermentation,and offer practical guidance on the sustainable management of FW.
