Electron G-Factor Anomaly and the Charge Thickness

The electron g-factor relates the magnetic moment to the spin angular momentum. It was originally theoretically calculated to have a value of exactly 2. Experiments yielded a value of 2 plus a very small fraction, referred to as the g-factor anomaly. This anomaly has been calculated theoretically as a power series of the fine structure constant. This document shows that the anomaly is the result of the electron charge thickness. If the thickness were to be zero, g = 2 exactly, and there would be no anomaly. As the thickness increases, the anomaly increases. An equation relating the g-factor and the surface charge thickness is presented. The thickness is calculated to be 0.23% of the electron radius. The cause of the anomaly is very clear, but why is the charge thickness greater than zero? Using the model of the interior structure of the electron previously proposed by the author, it is shown that the non-zero thickness, and thus the g-factor anomaly, are due to the proposed positive charge at the electron center and compressibility of the electron material. The author’s previous publication proposes a theory for splitting the electron into three equal charges when subjected to a strong external magnetic field. That theory is revised in this document, and the result is an error reduced to 0.4% in the polar angle where the splits occur and a reduced magnetic field required to cause the splits.

Theoretical calculations on Landé g-factors and quadratic Zeeman shift coefficients of nsnp ^(3)P_(0)^(o) clock states in Mg and Cd optical lattice clocks

The study of magnetic field effects on the clock transition of Mg and Cd optical lattice clocks is scarce.In this work,the hyperfine-induced Landég-factors and quadratic Zeeman shift coefficients of the nsnp ^(3)P_(0)^(o) clock states for ^(111,113)Cd and ^(25)Mg were calculated by using the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock theory.To obtain accurate values of these parameters,the impact of electron correlations and furthermore the Breit interaction and quantum electrodynamical effects on the Zeeman and hyperfine interaction matrix elements,and energy separations were investigated in detail.We also estimated the contributions from perturbing states to the Landég-factors and quadratic Zeeman shift coefficients concerned so as to truncate the summation over the perturbing states without loss of accuracy.Our calculations provide important data for estimating the first-and second-order Zeeman shifts of the clock transition for the Cd and Mg optical lattice clocks.

The Real Reason Why the Electron’s Bare g-Factor Is 2 Times Classical

When analyzing an Electron’s orbit’s and movements, a “classical” bare g-factor of “1” must be used, but when analyzing just the Electron itself, a bare g-factor and gyromagnetic ratio of twice the “classical” value is needed to fit reality. Nobody has fully explained this yet. By examining the electromagnetic wave nature of the electron, it is possible to show a simple reason why its bare g-factor must be 2, without resorting to superluminal velocities or dismissing it as mystically intrinsic. A simple charged electromagnetic wave loop (CEWL) model of the electron that maintains the same electromagnetic wave nature as the high-energy photons from which electron-positron pairs form, will have exactly half of its energy in the form of magnetic energy who’s field lines are perpendicular to the direction of the charge rotation, which leads to the conclusion that only half of the electron’s electromagnetic mass is rotational mass, from which it is easy to calculate a bare g-factor of 2 using Feynman’s equation for the electron’s g-factor.

The g-factors and magnetic rotation in ^(82)Rb

The g-factors of the intra-band states 12, 13, 14, 15 in a magnetic-rotational band built on the 11 state in S2Rb are measured for the first time by using a transient magnetic field-ion implantation perturbed angular distribution （TMF-IMPAD） method. The magnetic-rotational band in ^82Rb is populated by the ^60Ni（27A1,4pn）^82Rb reaction, and the time-integral Larmor precessions are measured after recoil implantation into a polarized Fe foil. The calculation of g-factors is also carried out in terms of a semi-classical model of independent particle angular momentum coupling on the basis of the four-quasiparticle configuration π（99/2）^2 Оπ（p3/2, f5/2） О v （g9/2）. The measured and calculated g-factors are in good agreement with each other. The g-factors and deduced shear angles decrease with the increase of spin along the band. This clearly illustrates the shear effect of a step-by-step alignment of the valence protons and neutrons in magnetic rotation. The semi-classical calculation also shows that the alignment of the valence neutron angular momentum is faster than that of the valence protons, which results in a decrease of g-factors with increasing spin. The present results provide solid evidence of the shear mechanism of magnetic rotation.

Experimental Determination of the Landé g-Factors for 5s^2 ^1S and 5s5p ^3P States of the ^87Sr Atom

We present an experimental determination on the Lande g-factors for the 5 s^2 ^1 S0 and 5 s5 p ^3P0 states in ultra-cold atomic systems, which is important for evaluating the Zeeman shift of the clock transition in the ^87Sr optical lattice clock. The Zeeman shift of the 5 s5 p ^3 P0-5 s^2 ^1 S0 forbidden transition is measured with the π-polarized and σ^±-polarized interrogations at different magnetic field strengths. Moreover, in the g-factor measurement with the σ^±-transition spectra, it is unnecessary to calibrate the external magnetic field. By this means, the ground state 5 s^2 ^1 S0 g-factor for the ^87Sr atom is-1.306（52） ×10^-4, which is the first experimental determination to the best of our knowledge, and the result matches very well with the theoretical estimation. The differential g-factorδg between the 5 s5 p^3 P0 state and the 5 s^2 ^1 S0 state of the ^87Sr atoms is measured in the experiment as well,which are-7.67（36） ×10^-5 with π-transition spectra and-7.72（43） X 10^-5 with σ^±-transition spectra, in good agreement with the previous report [Phys. Rev. A 76（2007） 022510]. This work can also be used for determining the differential g-factor of the clock states for the optical clocks based on other atoms.

Theoretical study of the hyperfine interaction constants, Landé g-factors, and electric quadrupole moments for the low-lying states of the 61Niq+(q=11,12,14,and 15) ions

Highly charged nickel ions have been suggested as candidates for the ultra-precise optical clock, meanwhile the relevant experiment has been carried out. In the framework of the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock(MCDHF)method, we calculated the hyperfine interaction constants, the Landég-factors, and the electric quadrupole moments for the low-lying states in the 61Ni11+,61Ni12+,61Ni14+, and61Ni15+ ions. These states are clock states of the selected clock transitions in highly charged nickel ions(see Fig. 1). Based on discussing the effects of the electron correlations, the Breit interaction, and quantum electrodynamics(QED) effect on these physical quantities, reasonable uncertainties were obtained for our calculated results. In addition, the electric quadrupole frequency shifts and the Zeeman frequency shifts of the clock transitions concerned were analyzed.

复杂光机系统综合性能评估方法

作为涉及光、机、电、控、热、气、液等多个领域的复杂光机系统,如何对其进行综合性能评估一直是难以解决的关键技术问题。针对该问题,通过分层分析并结合熵值、灰色和模糊评估等方法,提出了能够直观反映复杂光机系统的评估因子,即G因子。通过G因子,可直观地对复杂光机系统的综合性能进行评估,并可对比不同光机系统的综合性能;同时在评估过程中,也可对复杂光机系统的某个或几个关键参数进行对比分析。G因子提供了一种能够反映复杂光机系统综合性能的直观参数,为复杂光机系统的综合性能评估及相关系统研制提供了技术支撑。

外周血AGGF1与冠状动脉狭窄的关系

目的探讨G补缀FHA域血管生成因子1(AGGF1)与冠状动脉狭窄的关系。方法选取2011年6月—2015年11月中国医学科学院北京协和医学院泰达国际心血管病医院冠状动脉狭窄患者116例。根据冠状动脉造影检查的结果,将116例患者分为病例组(狭窄>50%,82例)和对照组(狭窄≤50%,34例)。采用非条件多因素逐步Logistic回归分析、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分别评价冠状动脉狭窄>50%的危险因素和AGGF1联合高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断效能。对34例对照患者进行随访,评价AGGF1对发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的预测价值。结果病例组AGGF1水平显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。AGGF1下降是发生冠状动脉狭窄>50%的危险因素[比值比(OR)值为0.536,95%可信区间(CI)为0.368~0.782]。AGGF1联合HDL-C、LDL-C诊断冠状动脉狭窄的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.815。对照组随访期间高AGGF1患者无MACE发生,低AGGF1患者有6例发生MACE。结论外周血AGGF1下降是冠状动脉狭窄>50%的危险因素,AGGF1联合HDL-C、LDL-C对冠状动脉狭窄具有较高的诊断效能,AGGF1降低对冠状动脉狭窄≤50%远期发生MACE或有一定的预测价值。

Features of Recombination Radiation of GaAs Type Semiconductors with the Participation of Fine Acceptor Levels in a Magnetic Field

Using the method of Picus and Beer invariants, general expressions are obtained for the total intensity I and the degree of circular polarization Рcirc.of the luminescence of GaAs-type semiconductors with the participation of shallow acceptor levels in a longitudinal magnetic field H. Special cases are analyzed depending on the value and direction of the magnetic field strength, as well as on the constants of the g-factor of the acceptor g1,g2and the conduction band electron ge. In the case of a strong magnetic field H// [100], [111], [110], a numerical calculation of the angular dependence of the quantities I and Рcirc.was performed for some critical values of g2/g1, at which Рcirc.exhibits a sharp anisotropy in the range from −100% to +100%, and the intensity of the crystal radiation along the magnetic field tends to a minimum value.

Anisotropies of the g-factor tensor and diamagnetic coefficient in crystal-phase quantum dots in InP nanowires

Crystal-phase low-dimensional structures offer great potential for the implementation of photonic devices of interest for quantum information processing.In this context,unveiling the fundamental parameters of the crystal phase structure is of much relevance for several applications.Here,we report on the anisotropy of the g-factor tensor and diamagnetic coefficient in wurtzite/zincblende(WZ/ZB)crystal-phase quantum dots(QDs)realized in single InP nanowires.The WZ and ZB alternating axial sections in the NWs are identified by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy.The electron(hole)g-factor tensor and the exciton diamagnetic coefficients in WZ/ZB crystal-phase QDs are determined through micro-photoluminescence measurements at low temperature(4.2 K)with different magnetic field configurations,and rationalized by invoking the spin-correlated orbital current model.Our work provides key parameters for band gap engineering and spin states control in crystal-phase low-dimensional structures in nanowires.

MFG-E8和GNA14在子宫内膜异位症相关性卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨乳脂球表皮生长因子8(MFG-E8)和G蛋白亚基α-14(GNA14)在子宫内膜异位症相关性卵巢癌(EAOC)中的表达及其临床意义。方法选取2015年5月—2017年5月华北医疗健康集团峰峰总医院EAOC患者51例(EAOC组)、非典型子宫内膜异位症(AEM)患者63例(AEM组)、卵巢型子宫内膜异位症(EMT)患者82例(EMT组)。收集所有患者的临床资料,并检测病变组织中MFG-E8、GNA14表达。对EAOC患者随访5年。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析EAOC患者的生存情况。采用多因素Cox回归分析评估EAOC患者死亡的危险因素。结果EAOC组MFG-E8阳性率为82.35%、GNA14阳性率为70.59%,均显著高于AEM组(41.27%、44.44%)和EMT组(25.61%、23.17%)(P<0.001)。MFG-E8高表达组和低表达组肿瘤直径、肿瘤级别、国际妇产科联合会(FIGO)分期、淋巴转移情况差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GNA14高表达组和低表达组淋巴转移情况差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示,MFG-E8高表达组和GNA14高表达组无进展生存期分别短于MFG-E8低表达组和GNA14低表达组(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,FIGO分期Ⅱ期、淋巴转移、MFG-E8高表达、GNA14高表达是EAOC患者死亡的独立危险因素[风险比(HR)值分别为2.337、2.519、3.133、3.080,95%可信区间(CI)分别为1.258~4.342、1.332~4.764、1.381~7.108、1.318~7.197,P<0.01]。结论MFG-E8、GNA14在EAOC患者癌组织中呈高表达,且与患者预后不良密切相关,或可作为EAOC患者的预后评估指标。

Proton alignment in ^(82)Sr investigated by g-factor measurements

The proton alignment in 82Sr has been investigated by the g-factor measurements of the ground state rotational band levels up to spin I = 8+. The g-factors were measured by a transient-magnetic-field ion implantation perturbed angular distribution method. The obtained g-factors increase with the increasing of spin along the band and clearly show the g9/2 proton alignment that starts at I =6+.

Study of magnetic-rotation in ^(82)Rb byg-factor measurements

Magnetic rotation in 82Rb has been investigated for the first time by g-factor measurement of intra-band states of the magnetic-rotational band built on the 11- state. The g-factors were measured by a TMF-IMPAD method and calculated by a semi-classical model of independent particle angular momentum coupling assumption. The g-factors and deduced shears angles decrease with the increasing of spin along the band, illustrating a step-by-step alignment of the valence protons and neutrons. The rapid alignment of the valence neutrons leads to a decrease of g-factors. The present results vividly reveal the shears mechanism of magnetic rotation.

先兆流产患者保胎结局影响因素及与血清sHLA-G、ACA水平关系

目的:探索先兆流产患者保胎结局的影响因素,并分析其与血清可溶性人白细胞抗原-G(sHLA-G)、抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)的关系。方法:回顾性收集2021年6月-2023年6月本院收治的80例先兆流产患者临床资料,根据保胎结局分为保胎失败组与保胎成功组,对比两组一般资料,酶联免疫吸附法检测两组sHLA-G、ACA水平,经单因素及Pearson相关性分析法探讨先兆流产保胎结局的影响因素及与血清sHLA-G、ACA水平关系。结果:两组年龄、既往流产史、合并阴道炎、生殖道感染、妊娠期糖尿病、接触有毒化学物质等方面有差异;保胎失败组sHLA-G(7.43±1.20 U/ml)水平低于保胎成功组(50.14±4.56 U/ml),ACA阳性率(74.1%)高于保胎成功组(20.8%)(均P<0.05)。logistic回归分析,高龄、既往流产史、合并阴道炎、生殖道感染、妊娠期糖尿病、接触有毒化学物质、sHLA-G水平低、ACA阳性率高均是影响先兆流产患者保胎结局的重要因素;Pearson相关性分析,年龄、既往流产史、合并阴道炎、生殖道感染、妊娠期糖尿病、接触有毒化学物质与血清sHLA-G水平呈负相关,与ACA阳性率呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论:先兆流产患者保胎结局可能与高龄、既往流产史、合并阴道炎、生殖道感染、妊娠期糖尿病、接触有毒化学物质、sHLA-G水平及ACA阳性率有关,临床可针对上述因素给予密切关注,并通过监测sHLA-G水平及ACA阳性率的变化来指导临床早期干预,以确保母婴安全。

Optical properties of excitons in strained Ga_x In_1-x As/GaAs quantum dot: effect of geometrical confinement on exciton g-factor

Taking into account anisotropy, nonparabolicity of the conduction band, and geometrical confinement, we discuss the heavy-hole excitonic states in a strained GaxIn1-xAs/GaAs quantum dot for various Ga alloy contents. The strained quantum dot is considered as a spherical InAs dot surrounded by a GaAs barrier material. The dependence of the effective excitonic g-factor as a function of dot radius and Ga ion content is numerically measured. Interband optical energy with and without the parabolic effect is computed using structural confinement. The interband matrix element for different Ga concentrations is also calculated. The oscillator strength of interband transitions on the dot radius is studied at different Ga concentrations in the GaxIn1-xAs/GaAs quantum dot. Heavy-hole excitonic absorption spectra are recorded for various Ga alloy contents in the GaxIn1-xAs/GaAs quantum dot. Results show that oscillator strength diminishes when dot size decreases because of the dominance of the quantum size effect. Furthermore, exchange enhancement and exchange sDlitting increase as exciton confinement inereases.

Magnetic moments and g-factors in odd-A Ho isotopes

The ground-state magnetic moment, g K factor and quenching spin gyromagnetic ratio have been calculated using the microscopic method based on the Quasiparticle Phonon Nuclear Model（QPNM） for ^155-169 Ho nuclei for the first time. It is shown that the residual spin-spin interactions are responsible for the core polarization,and because of the core polarization the spin gyromagnetic factors are quenched. By considering the core polarization effects, a satisfactory agreement is obtained for the computed ground state g K factor, which gives an intrinsic contribution to the magnetic moments. In order to assess the collective contribution to the magnetic moments, the rotational gyromagnetic factors g R have been also calculated within the cranking approximation using the single particle wave function of the axially symmetric Woods-Saxon potential. For the ground-state magnetic moments of odd-proton ^155-165 Ho nuclei, a good description of the experimental data is obtained with an accuracy of 0.01–0.1μN. From systematic trends, the quenching spin gyromagnetic factor, g K factor and magnetic moment have also been theoretically predicted for167,169 Ho where there is no existing experimental data.

GPER抑制星形胶质细胞活性减少OIR小鼠视网膜新生血管生成的机制研究

目的探究在氧诱导下的新生小鼠视网膜缺血模型(oxygen-induced retinopathy,OIR)中,G蛋白偶联雌激素受体(G proteincoupled estrogen receptor,GPER)减少OIR小鼠视网膜新生血管生成的机制。方法42只新生小鼠采用随机数字表法分为4组:常氧对照组(n=11)、OIR组(n=11)、G-1(GPER激动剂)组(n=10)和溶剂对照组(n=10)。出生后17 d(P17)时,眼球冰冻切片免疫荧光染色观察常氧对照组小鼠GPER在视网膜分布情况。G-1组和溶剂对照组在P12~P15时分别腹腔注射给予G-1[50μg/(kg·d)]或玉米油溶剂,P17时视网膜铺片免疫荧光染色观察视网膜血管标志物(IB4)、星形胶质细胞标志物胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glia fibrilary acidic protein,GFAP)表达,蛋白免疫印迹法定量检测视网膜血管内皮生长因子A(vascular endothelial growth factor A,VEGFA)、GFAP、炎症因子TNF-α、IGF-1、IL1-β蛋白表达情况。结果GPER存在于小鼠视网膜全层,在视网膜神经节细胞层与星形胶质细胞标志物GFAP共染。与常氧对照组相比,OIR组小鼠视网膜出现新生血管与无血管区,且GPER、VEGFA和GFAP表达增多,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与溶剂对照组相比,G-1组视网膜新生血管生成减少,VEGFA、GFAP、TNF-α、IGF-1、IL1-β蛋白表达下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论GPER能抑制星形胶质细胞活性,减少VEGFA、炎症因子释放,减少OIR小鼠视网膜新生血管生成。

Effect of the Density of Molten Metal on the Raining Phenomenon in Horizontal Centrifugal Casting

In this work the influence of the density of the molten metal on the emergence of the raining phenomenon in the horizontal centrifugal casting process is numerically studied. Transient 2D numerical simulations were carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics software. Three molten metals with different density, namely aluminum, iron and lead, and three angular frequencies, namely 50, 66 and 77 rad/s were considered. It is found that the density of the molten metal significantly affects the emergence, transient or permanent, of the rain phenomenon. However, the magnitude and duration of the rain phenomenon depend on the angular frequency of the rotating mold. Likewise, since gravitational forces affect the metal according to its density, the value of the critical rotation speed of the mold is also affected.

致密碳酸盐岩气藏裂缝预测及主控因素分析——以四川盆地G气田震旦系灯影组为例

四川盆地G气田致密碳酸盐岩储层裂缝发育控制因素认识不清。考虑岩性弹脆性差异,分析岩心单井裂缝发育特征和裂缝形成期次,进行应力场数值模拟,建立应力场—能量—裂缝参数计算模型;结合多期裂缝叠加算法,预测G气田灯影组储层裂缝,分析裂缝发育主控因素。结果表明:G气田灯影组储层裂缝具有多期性与多样性,以高角度、半充填张剪缝为主。研究区中部褶皱顶部及断层影响区是碳酸盐岩裂缝优势发育带,裂缝密度为1.10~2.30条/m,开度大于1.5 mm;泥岩裂缝发育程度弱,裂缝密度低于0.50条/m,开度小于0.4 mm,泥岩隔层裂缝发育总体低于碳酸盐岩层的,且规律性差。裂缝发育符合断层—褶皱—裂缝共生模式。岩性、断层与构造形态共同控制碳酸盐岩储层裂缝发育规模与分布范围。该结果有助于提高同类型致密碳酸盐岩储层裂缝预测效果,改进油气藏开发方案。

肝癌组织中GPSM2、TGF-β1蛋白表达水平及临床意义

目的 探讨肝癌组织G蛋白信号调节蛋白(GPSM)2、转化生长因子1(TGF-β1)蛋白表达与临床病理参数及预后的关系。方法 选取原发性肝癌患者80例,取手术切除的肝癌组织和癌旁正常组织。采用免疫组织化学染色法检测GPSM2、TGF-β1在癌组织和癌旁正常组织中的表达差异,分析癌组织中GPSM2、TGF-β1表达水平与临床病理参数及预后的关系。结果 肝癌组织中GPSM2、TGF-β1高表达率分别为71.25%、82.50%,高于癌旁正常组织的18.75%、13.75%(P<0.05)。GPSM2在分化程度低的肝癌组织中高表达率较高(P<0.05),TGF-β1在分化程度低、有血管转移的肝癌组织中高表达率较高(P<0.05)。生存曲线显示,GPSM2、TGF-β1低表达患者的累积生存率(77.27%、85.71%)高于高表达患者(47.37%、48.48%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 GPSM2、TGF-β1在肝癌组织中高表达率较高,其表达水平与分化程度密切相关,GPSM2、TGF-β1高表达患者预后较差。