The signal transduction system of microorganisms helps them adapt to changes in their complex living environment.Two-component system(TCS)is a representative signal transduction system that plays a crucial role in reg...The signal transduction system of microorganisms helps them adapt to changes in their complex living environment.Two-component system(TCS)is a representative signal transduction system that plays a crucial role in regulating cellular communication and secondary metabolism.In Gram-negative bacteria,an unorthodox TCS consist-ing of histidine kinase protein GacS(initially called LemA)and response regulatory protein GacA is widespread.It mainly regulates various physiological activities and behaviors of bacteria,such as quorum sensing,secondary metabolism,biofilm formation and motility,through the Gac/Rsm(Regulator of secondary metabolism)signaling cascade pathway.The global regulatory ability of GacS/GacA in cell physiological activities makes it a potential research entry point for developing natural products and addressing antibiotic resistance.In this review,we summarize the progress of research on GacS/GacA from various perspectives,including the reaction mechanism,related regulatory pathways,main functions and GacS/GacA-mediated applications.Hopefully,this review will facilitate further research on GacS/GacA and promote its application in regulating secondary metabolism and as a therapeutic target.展开更多
广播是移动自组织网络(mobile ad hoc network,MANET)传递信息和建立路由的重要操作。为解决广播过程中的链路冗余和广播风暴问题,提出一种基于贪婪蚁群算法(greedy ant colony algorithm,GACA)的广播策略。首先,结合路由节点的数据包...广播是移动自组织网络(mobile ad hoc network,MANET)传递信息和建立路由的重要操作。为解决广播过程中的链路冗余和广播风暴问题,提出一种基于贪婪蚁群算法(greedy ant colony algorithm,GACA)的广播策略。首先,结合路由节点的数据包总传输距离、链路数目和链路质量建立目标函数。然后,通过GACA达到目标函数的最小值并规划出最优信息广播路由。最后,转发节点根据路径要求转发信息。仿真实验表明,该策略能够合理地利用网络资源、减少信息冗余以及避免广播风暴的发生。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176108,31870023)the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202103029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(201941009).
文摘The signal transduction system of microorganisms helps them adapt to changes in their complex living environment.Two-component system(TCS)is a representative signal transduction system that plays a crucial role in regulating cellular communication and secondary metabolism.In Gram-negative bacteria,an unorthodox TCS consist-ing of histidine kinase protein GacS(initially called LemA)and response regulatory protein GacA is widespread.It mainly regulates various physiological activities and behaviors of bacteria,such as quorum sensing,secondary metabolism,biofilm formation and motility,through the Gac/Rsm(Regulator of secondary metabolism)signaling cascade pathway.The global regulatory ability of GacS/GacA in cell physiological activities makes it a potential research entry point for developing natural products and addressing antibiotic resistance.In this review,we summarize the progress of research on GacS/GacA from various perspectives,including the reaction mechanism,related regulatory pathways,main functions and GacS/GacA-mediated applications.Hopefully,this review will facilitate further research on GacS/GacA and promote its application in regulating secondary metabolism and as a therapeutic target.
文摘广播是移动自组织网络(mobile ad hoc network,MANET)传递信息和建立路由的重要操作。为解决广播过程中的链路冗余和广播风暴问题,提出一种基于贪婪蚁群算法(greedy ant colony algorithm,GACA)的广播策略。首先,结合路由节点的数据包总传输距离、链路数目和链路质量建立目标函数。然后,通过GACA达到目标函数的最小值并规划出最优信息广播路由。最后,转发节点根据路径要求转发信息。仿真实验表明,该策略能够合理地利用网络资源、减少信息冗余以及避免广播风暴的发生。
