Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum have been widely used in traditional medicine for decades. Antimicrobial activities for individual crude extract were well established. Crude methanoli...Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum have been widely used in traditional medicine for decades. Antimicrobial activities for individual crude extract were well established. Crude methanolic extracts of Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum and the combination for all extracts were tested using well diffusion techniques against Saccharomyces cerevisiae （ATCC 9763） and Escherichia coli （ATCC 25922）. The mixed extracts were prepared based on the concentration ratio of 50 μg/μL which are 1：1, 1：1：1 and 1：2：2. Single Syzygium aromaticum extract showed higher inhibition zone on Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to Escherichia coli. There is reduction in diameter of inhibition zone for single extract and mixture extracts either in combination of two or three extracts tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli growth but they are not significant. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum showed highest activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Reduction in diameter of inhibition zone indicated that Alpinia galanga and Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts had antagonistic effect with Syzygium aromaticum.展开更多
Objective:To compare the antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties of Alpinia(A.)galanga,Curcuma(C.)amada,and C.caesia.Methods:Cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of A.galanga,C.amada,and C.caesia at selected doses was...Objective:To compare the antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties of Alpinia(A.)galanga,Curcuma(C.)amada,and C.caesia.Methods:Cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of A.galanga,C.amada,and C.caesia at selected doses was evaluated by trypan blue,MTT,and flow cytometry-based assays.Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity(against methyl methanesulfonate,35μM and H2O2,250μM)of these plants were studied by comet assay in human lymphocytes in vitro.Furthermore,DPPH,ABTS,FRAP,lipid peroxidation,and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were performed to study the antioxidant potentials of the plants.Finally,anti-genotoxic potential of C.amada was validated in Swiss albino mice using comet assay.Phytochemical composition of C.amada was determined by GC/MS and HPLC.Results:The selected doses(2.5,5,and 10μg/mL)of A.galanga,C.amada,and C.caesia were non-toxic by cytotoxicity tests.All three ethanolic extracts of plant rhizomes demonstrated antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties against methyl methanesulfonate-and H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro.Multivariate analysis revealed that various antioxidant properties of these extracts in DPPH,ABTS,and FRAP assays were strongly correlated with their total phenolic constituents.C.amada extract conferred protection against cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage in the bone marrow cells of mice and DNA damage was significantly inhibited by 2.5 mg/kg C.amada extract.Conclusions:C.amada is rich in potentially bioactive molecules and exhibits potent antioxidant activities.Its anti-genotoxicity against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress is also confirmed in this study.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxic,apoptotic,mutagenic and immunomodulatory activities of Kaempferia galanga Linn.(KG)extract and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate(EPMC)in vitro.Methods:The present study investigated the cyto...Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxic,apoptotic,mutagenic and immunomodulatory activities of Kaempferia galanga Linn.(KG)extract and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate(EPMC)in vitro.Methods:The present study investigated the cytotoxic[using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphe nyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide test],apoptotic(using a mitochondrial membrane potential assay),mutagenic(using a micronucleus test)and immunomodulatory(using flow cytometry)activities of the ethanolic extract of KG and its bioactive component,EPMC,against two cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)cell lines,CL-6 and HuCCT1,and one normal human cell line,OUMS-36 T-1 F.Results:Both KG extract and EPMC exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against both CCA cells.The cytotoxic activity was supported by their concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis.CL-6 was most sensitive(3–4 fold)and selective to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU),compared with KG extract and EPMC[median half inhibiting concentration(IC50)and selectivity index(SI)were 23.01 lg/mL and 17.32;78.41 lg/mL and 4.44;100.76 lg/mL and 2.20,respectively for 5-FU vs.KG extract vs.EPMC].HuCCT1 was relatively more sensitive and selective to 5-FU and EPMC than KG extract[median IC50 and SI were 66.03 lg/mL and6.04;60.90 lg/mL and 3.65;156.60 lg/mL and 2.23,respectively for 5-FU vs.EPMC vs.KG extract].EPMC produced relatively potent cytotoxic activity against polymorphonuclear cells(IC50=92.20 lg/mL).KG extract and EPMC exhibited concentration-dependent mutagenic activity,as well as inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6.Conclusion:Considering cytotoxic,apoptotic,immunomodulatory and mutagenic activities,further development of KG as a drug candidate is likely to focus on the oral pharmaceutical formulation of a standardized KG extract rather than isolated compounds.展开更多
文摘Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum have been widely used in traditional medicine for decades. Antimicrobial activities for individual crude extract were well established. Crude methanolic extracts of Alpinia galanga, Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Syzygium aromaticum and the combination for all extracts were tested using well diffusion techniques against Saccharomyces cerevisiae （ATCC 9763） and Escherichia coli （ATCC 25922）. The mixed extracts were prepared based on the concentration ratio of 50 μg/μL which are 1：1, 1：1：1 and 1：2：2. Single Syzygium aromaticum extract showed higher inhibition zone on Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to Escherichia coli. There is reduction in diameter of inhibition zone for single extract and mixture extracts either in combination of two or three extracts tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli growth but they are not significant. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum showed highest activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Reduction in diameter of inhibition zone indicated that Alpinia galanga and Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts had antagonistic effect with Syzygium aromaticum.
文摘Objective:To compare the antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties of Alpinia(A.)galanga,Curcuma(C.)amada,and C.caesia.Methods:Cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of A.galanga,C.amada,and C.caesia at selected doses was evaluated by trypan blue,MTT,and flow cytometry-based assays.Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity(against methyl methanesulfonate,35μM and H2O2,250μM)of these plants were studied by comet assay in human lymphocytes in vitro.Furthermore,DPPH,ABTS,FRAP,lipid peroxidation,and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were performed to study the antioxidant potentials of the plants.Finally,anti-genotoxic potential of C.amada was validated in Swiss albino mice using comet assay.Phytochemical composition of C.amada was determined by GC/MS and HPLC.Results:The selected doses(2.5,5,and 10μg/mL)of A.galanga,C.amada,and C.caesia were non-toxic by cytotoxicity tests.All three ethanolic extracts of plant rhizomes demonstrated antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties against methyl methanesulfonate-and H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro.Multivariate analysis revealed that various antioxidant properties of these extracts in DPPH,ABTS,and FRAP assays were strongly correlated with their total phenolic constituents.C.amada extract conferred protection against cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage in the bone marrow cells of mice and DNA damage was significantly inhibited by 2.5 mg/kg C.amada extract.Conclusions:C.amada is rich in potentially bioactive molecules and exhibits potent antioxidant activities.Its anti-genotoxicity against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress is also confirmed in this study.
基金funded by Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma of Thammasat UniversityThammasat University Research fund under the TU Research Scholar(Contract No.03/2561)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxic,apoptotic,mutagenic and immunomodulatory activities of Kaempferia galanga Linn.(KG)extract and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate(EPMC)in vitro.Methods:The present study investigated the cytotoxic[using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphe nyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide test],apoptotic(using a mitochondrial membrane potential assay),mutagenic(using a micronucleus test)and immunomodulatory(using flow cytometry)activities of the ethanolic extract of KG and its bioactive component,EPMC,against two cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)cell lines,CL-6 and HuCCT1,and one normal human cell line,OUMS-36 T-1 F.Results:Both KG extract and EPMC exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against both CCA cells.The cytotoxic activity was supported by their concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis.CL-6 was most sensitive(3–4 fold)and selective to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU),compared with KG extract and EPMC[median half inhibiting concentration(IC50)and selectivity index(SI)were 23.01 lg/mL and 17.32;78.41 lg/mL and 4.44;100.76 lg/mL and 2.20,respectively for 5-FU vs.KG extract vs.EPMC].HuCCT1 was relatively more sensitive and selective to 5-FU and EPMC than KG extract[median IC50 and SI were 66.03 lg/mL and6.04;60.90 lg/mL and 3.65;156.60 lg/mL and 2.23,respectively for 5-FU vs.EPMC vs.KG extract].EPMC produced relatively potent cytotoxic activity against polymorphonuclear cells(IC50=92.20 lg/mL).KG extract and EPMC exhibited concentration-dependent mutagenic activity,as well as inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6.Conclusion:Considering cytotoxic,apoptotic,immunomodulatory and mutagenic activities,further development of KG as a drug candidate is likely to focus on the oral pharmaceutical formulation of a standardized KG extract rather than isolated compounds.
