Pure metal extraction from molten oxide slag by short-circuit galvanic cell

The oxygen-ion-permeable membrane galvanic short-circuit method has been developed, in which pure metal was directly extracted from the molten oxide slag, and no external voltage is applied. The galvanic cell employed in the experiment was as follows: graphite rod|[O]Fe+C saturation|ZrO2(MgO)|(FeO)(slag)|Fe rod. The reduction current in the galvanic cell consisted of an external short-circuit current and an interior short-circuit current in the oxygen-ion-permeable membrane. The real-time variation of external circuit reduction ratio of the molten slag could be obtained from the curve of the external circuit current to the time.

Pure metal extraction from molten oxide slag by short-circuit galvanic cell

The oxygen-ion-permeable membrane galvanic short-circuit method has been developed, in which pure metal was directly extracted from the molten oxide slag, and no external voltage is applied. The galvanic cell employed in the experiment was as follows: graphite rod|[O]_(Fe+C saturation)[ZrO_2(MgO)|(FeO)_(slag))|Fe rod. The reduction current in the galvanic cell consisted of an external short-circuit current and an interior short-circuit current in the oxygen-ion-permeable membrane. The real-time variation of external circuit reduction ratio of the molten slag could be obtained from the curve of the external circuit current to the time.

An On-line Galvanic Cell Generated Electrochemiluminescence and Flow Injection Determination of Calcium in Milk and Vegetable

An on-line Ag/Al galvanic cell is investigated and employed to generate electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The potential of the galvanic cell could be adjusted by varying the components of flow reagent. The cell performed perfect capability of supplying a stable potential for ECL generation. Based on the weak ECL of calcein blue could be greatly sensitized by the presence of calcium in alkaline solution, calcium contents in milk samples and in cabbage were assayed and the results were compared with those from ICP-AES method.

Electroreduction Kinetics for Molten Oxide Slags

The oxygen-ion conductor, the reducing agent, and the molten oxide slag containing electroactive matter were used as constituent of a galvanic cell. Metal was directly electroreduced from molten slag using a short-circuit galvanic cell. The following galvanic cell was assembled in the present experiment： graphite rod, [-O]Fe-C saturated ｜ZrO2 （MgO） ｜ Cu（1） ＋ （FeO）（slag） , and molybdenum wire. The FeO electroreduction reaction was studied through measuring short circuit current by controlling factors such as temperature, the FeO content in molten slags, and the external circuit resistance. An overall kinetics model was developed to describe the process of FeO electroreductiono It was found that the modeled curves were in good agreement with the experimental values. The new oxide reduction method in the metallurgy with controlled oxygen flow was proposed and the metallurgical theory with controlled oxygen flow was developed.

DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY OF AI IN SOLID Cu-Al ALLOYS

Activities and activity coefficients of Al in solid Cu-AI alloys have been determined by means of solid electorlyte galvanic cells Al(a_1 , in alloy), Al_2O_3 | ZrO_2· Y_2O_3 | Ni, NiO and Al(a_1 , in alloy), Al_2O_3 | Na, βAl_2O_3 | Al(a_2 , in alloy), Al_2O_3

SOME THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF Pd-In ALLOYS

Some thermodynamic parnmeters of Pd-In alloys with 2 to 70 at. H indium have been determined in the temperuture range 800 to 1000℃ from e.m.f measurements ongalvanic cells with an onsen-cotzducting solid electrolyte. Heats of tnising calculated hem the activities are in excellent agreement with calorimetric data. The relative partial excess hee enengy of indiurn assumes unnsually larpe negative values ap to-174kJ/mol for Pd-rich alloys. Two efficts are discussed to account for the non-idealproperties: The rise Of Fermi enerpy as the valence electron8 of indium enter the 4dand 5sP bands of the alloy and the lattice distortion brought about by the differentmolar volumes of the cofnponents. The rise of the Fermi enerpy, as determlned fromthe activity data, indicates a strict adherence of the alloys to the rigid band model.

Fe-Based Powders Prepared by Ball-Milling with Considerable Degradation Efficiency to Methyl Orange Compared with Fe-Based Metallic Glasses

In this study, the degradation efficiencies of zero-valent iron （ZVI） powders with different structures and components wereevaluated for methyl orange （MO）. The results show that the structure is an essential factor that affects degradation, andadded non-metallic elements help optimize the structure. The amorphous and balled-milled crystalline Fe7oSiloB2o hascomparative degradation efficiencies to MO with tl/2 values of 6.9 and 7.0 min, respectively. Increasing the boron contentcan create a favorable structure and promote degradation. The ball-milled crystalline Fe70B30 and Fe43.64B56.36 powdershave relatively short tl/2 values of 5.2 and 3.3 rain, respectively. The excellent properties are mainly attributed to theirheterogeneous structure with boron-doped active sites in ZVI. Composition segregation in the nanoscale range in anamorphous FeSiB alloy and small boron particles in the microscale range embedded in large iron particles prepared by ball-milling, both constitute effective galvanic cells that promote iron electron loss and therefore decompose organic chemicals.These findings may provide a new, highly efficient, low-cost commercial method for azo dye wastewater treatment usingZVI.

An Iron-Based High-Entropy Alloy with Highly Efficient Degradation for p-Nitrophenol

High-entropy alloys(HEAs)have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent mechanical properties.However,their functional properties arising from the supersaturated solid solution state can be improved.Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are considered to be an effective method for decomposing organic pollutants,and HEAs are proposed as effective candidates for AOP catalysts.Currently,several HEAs used for organic pollutant degradation are prepared through mechanical alloying.In this work,FeAlCoNi and FeAlCoNiB Fenton-like catalysts were prepared by single roll melt spinning and subsequent ball milling techniques.We found that the FeAlCoNiB HEA exhibits highly efficient degradation for p-nitrophenol(p-NP).The degradation efficiency of FeAlCoNiB is 120 times higher than that of FeAlCoNi,which confirms that boron functions effectively during the degradation process.FeAlCoNiB has a better degradation efficiency than pure iron powder and a degradation efficiency comparable to that of the amorphous Fe_(78)Si_(11)B_(11) alloy.Additionally,the degradation efficiency of FeAlCoNiB_(X) increases(k values from 0.13 to 0.55 min^(−1))when the boron content increases from an X value of 0.25 to 1.25.We speculate that Fe_(2)B favors the degradation process and promotes zero-valent iron to decompose organic pollutants through a galvanic cell effect.Possible p-NP degradation pathways are proposed after LC–MS analysis.This study provides a new series of HEA Fenton-like catalysts,which have the potential to be prepared into bulk devices for industrial applications.