Problematic Use of Video Games in Schools in Northern Benin (2023)

Objective: To study the problematic use of video games among secondary school students in the city of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the commune of Parakou from December 2022 to July 2023. The study population consisted of students regularly enrolled in public and private secondary schools in the city of Parakou for the 2022-2023 academic year. A two-stage non-proportional stratified sampling technique combined with simple random sampling was adopted. The Problem Video Game Playing (PVP) scale was used to assess problem gambling in the study population, while anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: A total of 1030 students were included. The mean age of the pupils surveyed was 15.06 ± 2.68 years, with extremes of 10 and 28 years. The [13 - 18] age group was the most represented, with a proportion of 59.6% (614) in the general population. Females predominated, at 52.8% (544), with a sex ratio of 0.89. The prevalence of problematic video game use was 24.9%, measured using the Video Game Playing scale. Associated factors were male gender (p = 0.005), pocket money under 10,000 cfa (p = 0.001) and between 20,000 - 90,000 cfa (p = 0.030), addictive family behavior (p < 0.001), monogamous family (p = 0.023), good relationship with father (p = 0.020), organization of video game competitions (p = 0.001) and definite anxiety (p Conclusion: Substance-free addiction is struggling to attract the attention it deserves, as it did in its infancy everywhere else. This study complements existing data and serves as a reminder of the need to focus on this group of addictions, whose problematic use of video games remains the most frequent due to its accessibility and social tolerance. Preventive action combined with curative measures remains the most effective means of combating the problem at national level.

QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS AND CONSTRAINED MULTIOBJECTIVE GAMES IN GENERALIZED CONVEX SPACE

A class of quasi-equilibrium problems and a class of constrained multiobjective games were introduced and studied in generalized convex spaces without linear structure. First, two existence theorems of solutions for quasi-equilibrium problems are proved in noncompact generalized convex spaces. Then, ar applications of the quasi-equilibrium existence theorem, several existence theorems of weighted Nash-equilibria and Pareto equilibria for the constrained multiobjective games are established in noncompact generalized convex spaces. These theorems improve, unify, and generalize the corresponding results of the multiobjective games in recent literatures.

On the Coalitional Rationality and the Inverse Problem for Shapley Value and the Semivalues

In cooperative game theory, a central problem is to allocate fairly the win of the grand coalition to the players who agreed to cooperate and form the grand coalition. Such allocations are obtained by means of values, having some fairness properties, expressed in most cases by groups of axioms. In an earlier work, we solved what we called the Inverse Problem for Semivalues, in which the main result was offering an explicit formula providing the set of all games with an a priori given Semivalue, associated with a given weight vector. However, in this set there is an infinite set of games for which the Semivalues are not coalitional rational, perhaps not efficient, so that these are not fair practical solutions of the above fundamental problem. Among the Semivalues, coalitional rational solutions for the Shapley Value and the Banzhaf Value have been given in two more recent works. In the present paper, based upon a general potential basis, relative to Semivalues, for a given game and a given Semivalue, we solve the connected problem: in the Inverse Set, find out a game with the same Semivalue, which is also coalitional rational. Several examples will illustrate the corresponding numerical technique.

Game-Theory Analysis for High Satisfaction Matchingon Strategic Decision

In any group,the project’s members want to create the highest value for the common goal,and how to choose project’s members could be a game.This study investigated the cooperating with education institutions.Analysis of the players’strategic choices and relative outcomes was conducted.The researchers would organize a simple tree model and sort to payoff matrix.The results revealed that the strategy of each player is different finally.There were two strategies for selecting a member-'Choosing Good Friendship player'and'Choosing Good Ability player'.Furthermore,this study also analyzed the influencing factors and stable matching possibility among the factors.

SYSTEM OF GENERALIZED VECTOR QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS ON PRODUCT FC-SPACES

By applying a maximal element theorem on product FC-space due to author, some new equilibrium existence theorems for generalized games with fuzzy constraint correspondences are proved in FC-spaces. By using these equilibrium existence theorems, some new existence theorems of solutions for the system of generalized vector quasi-equilibrium problems are established in noncompact product FC-spaces. These results improve and generalize some recent results in literature to product FC-spaces without any convexity structure.

SYSTEM OF VECTOR QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

A new system of vector quasi-equilibrium problems is introduced and its existence of solution is proved. As applications, some existence results of weak Pareto equilibrium for both constrained multicriteria games and multicriteria games without constrained correspondences are also shown.

布尔Game的核求解算法

布尔Game是一种重要的多Agent合作求解框架,它利用命题逻辑来表达静态的Agent博弈场景.其中每个Agent的目标采用命题公式来表示,其目标是否满足取决于命题公式的赋值.目前布尔Game多从知识表示角度和纳什均衡计算的角度来研究,从联盟角度研究核的求解却不多.布尔Game求核是生成策略组合然后在策略组合内对比的过程.首先,通过以布尔Game的决策变量为顶点、以目标为超边,构成布尔Game上的超图结构来求满足核的约束满足的解.其次,以Agent为顶点、以Agent间的依赖关系为边构成的有向依赖图,可以将布尔Game根据稳定集分解为规模上更小的布尔Game.这2种结构简化了求核的生成过程和比较过程,进而在一定程度上提高了布尔Game求核效率.然后基于超图的超树分解和依赖图的稳定集分解,给出了不同的布尔Game的求核算法.最后实验验证了算法的有效性.

GENERALIZED VECTOR QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMSIN LOCALLY G-CONVEX SPACES

Some classes of generalized vector quasi-equilibrium problems ( in short, GVQEP) are introduced and studied in locally G-convex spaces which includes most of generalized vector equilibrium problems; generalized vector variational inequality problems, quasi-equilibrium problems and quasi-variational inequality problems as special cases. First, an equilibrium existence theorem for one person games is proved in locally G-convex spaces.. As applications, some new existence theorems of solutions for the GVQEP are established in noncompact locally G-convex spaces. These results and argument methods are new and completely different from that in recent literature.

On the Gas Routing via Game Theory

The delivery of the natural gas obtained by drilling, fracking and sending the product to consumers is done usually in two phases: in the first phase, the gas is collected from all wells spread on a large area, and belonging to several companies, and is sent to a depot owned by the city;then, in the second phase, another company is taking the gas on a network of ducts belonging to the city, along the streets to the neighborhoods and the individual consumers. The first phase is managed by the gas producing companies on the ducts owned by each company, possibly also on some public ducts. In this paper, we discuss only this first phase, to show why the benefits of these companies depend on the cooperation of the producers, and further, how a fair allocation of the total gas obtained, to the drilling companies, is computed. Following the model of flow games, we generate a cooperative transferable utilities game, as shown in the first section, and in this game any efficient value gives an allocation of benefits to the owners of ducts in the total network. However, it may well happen that the chosen value is not coalitional rational, in the game, that is, it does not belong to the Core of the game. By using the results obtained in an earlier work of the author, sketched in the second section, we show in the last section how the same allocation may be associated to a new game, which has the corresponding value a coalitional rational value. An example of a three person flow game shows the game generation, as well as the procedure to be used for obtaining the new game in which the same value, a Shapley Value, will give a coalitional rational allocation.

Egalitarian Allocations and the Inverse Problem for the Shapley Value

In a cooperative transferable utilities game, the allocation of the win of the grand coalition is an Egalitarian Allocation, if this win is divided into equal parts among all players. The Inverse Set relative to the Shapley Value of a game is a set of games in which the Shapley Value is the same as the initial one. In the Inverse Set, we determined a family of games for which the Shapley Value is also a coalitional rational value. The Egalitarian Allocation of the game is efficient, so that in the set called the Inverse Set relative to the Shapley Value, the allocation is the same as the initial one, but may not be coalitional rational. In this paper, we shall find out in the same family of the Inverse Set, a subfamily of games with the Egalitarian Allocation is also a coalitional rational value. We show some relationship between the two sets of games, where our values are coalitional rational. Finally, we shall discuss the possibility that our procedure may be used for solving a very similar problem for other efficient values. Numerical examples show the procedure to get solutions for the efficient values.

基于PBL教学模式的课程实践探索——以游戏原型设计课程为例

文章以游戏原型设计课程为例,以问题导向式(PBL)教学模式为主旨,通过教师引导,将问题融入课程教学,培养学生的问题意识,以及提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力,并能够对游戏原型设计产生新的理解与认识,具备自主学习的能力。文章通过阐述PBL教学模式、分析教学方法、梳理课程设计、总结教学成果等内容,以期为相关课程提供一个具有推广价值的教学案例。

A Direct Algorithm for the Vertical Generalized Complementarity Problem Associated with <i>P</i>-Matrices

We present a direct algorithm for solving the vertical generalized linear complementarity problem, first considered by Cottle and Dantzig, when the associated matrix is a vertical block P-matrix. The algorithm converges to a unique solution in a finite number of steps, without an assumption of nondegeneracy on the given problem. The algorithm is simple, efficient, and easy to implement.

线性规划的历史与发展

本文介绍了线性规划的起源与发展过程,对比了丹齐格与坎托罗维奇各自在线性规划方面的贡献.

量子博弈——“PQ”问题

研究了量子博弈中的“PQ”问题,重点探讨了参与者策略制定、收益分配和量子效应对博弈结果的影响.首先回顾了量子博弈理论的发展,并对经典博弈与量子博弈进行了对比,详细定义了参与者和策略空间,并利用收益矩阵和量子操作符进行了建模.为解决“PQ”问题,提出了量子策略选择和优化算法,并设计了针对该问题的量子算法.在实际应用和案例研究方面,通过评述经典双人博弈——“PQ翻硬币”问题,表明当其中一个参与人采用量子策略时,他可以打败他的经典对手,获得更高的收益.通过量化手段,把整个“PQ”问题放在一个更为普遍和公平的条件下,对其推广并从多个方面和角度再次对其进行研究.同时,给出了“不完全公平博弈”和“完全公平博弈”的定义,对量子硬币翻转博弈(Meyer 1999 Phys.Rev.lett.821052)进行了修改,使博弈公平,并研究了量子硬币翻转的多轮版本.最后对“PQ”问题的局限性与扩展性进行了讨论,并展望了量子博弈研究的未来发展方向.

高校治理过程中的权力博弈、问题透视与矫正措施——基于行政与学术间的关系探析

行政力量与学术力量在高校治理中因学术资源而存在博弈,学术资源会因两种力量不对等而出现较强的行政指向,使学术资源偏离为实现优化配置而坚守的学术逻辑。两种力量间的非完全信息非合作博弈会降低学术资源的配置效率,弱化纯粹学术力量进行科研活动的积极性。限制行政力量对学术力量的干预,使行政力量与学术力量剥离或者将行政权力重心下移,并且将学术力量转化为具有独立决策权的实体组织,能够在一定程度上矫正目前两种权力间的关系。行政权力只能通过学术力量完成指导学术活动的目标,而不能直接干预学术活动。高校治理需要形成以学术力量为主导的办学模式,构建行政服务学术的组织框架,形成以学术为核心的共同体,实现价值理性替代工具理性的目标,提升学术主体创新性科研活动的积极性。

家庭游戏干预对学龄早期儿童屏幕暴露和问题行为的影响

目的探讨家庭游戏干预对学龄早期儿童减少屏幕暴露和改善问题行为的效果。方法将138名屏幕暴露时间>1 h/d的学龄早期儿童随机分为试验组、对照组各69人。对照组采用常规健康教育,试验组采用常规健康教育和家庭游戏干预8周。分别于干预前和干预后采用屏幕暴露时间问卷、照顾者监控孩子使用电子产品问卷及Achenbach儿童行为量表评价干预效果。结果试验组和对照组分别有67人完成研究。干预后试验组家长监控使用电子产品行为得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05),儿童屏幕暴露时间显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组儿童问题行为总分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论家庭游戏干预可增强家长监控学龄早期儿童使用电子产品行为、减少学龄早期儿童屏幕暴露时间和改善其问题行为。

基于距离信息的追逃策略:信念状态连续随机博弈

追逃问题的研究在对抗、追踪以及搜查等领域极具现实意义.借助连续随机博弈与马尔科夫决策过程(Markov decision process, MDP),研究使用测量距离求解多对一追逃问题的最优策略.在此追逃问题中,追捕群体仅领导者可测量与逃逸者间的相对距离,而逃逸者具有全局视野.追逃策略求解被分为追博弈与马尔科夫决策两个过程.在求解追捕策略时,通过分割环境引入信念区域状态以估计逃逸者位置,同时使用测量距离对信念区域状态进行修正,构建起基于信念区域状态的连续随机追博弈,并借助不动点定理证明了博弈平稳纳什均衡策略的存在性.在求解逃逸策略时,逃逸者根据全局信息建立混合状态下的马尔科夫决策过程及相应的最优贝尔曼方程.同时给出了基于强化学习的平稳追逃策略求解算法,并通过案例验证了该算法的有效性.

试论物理教学渗透STEM教育模式的途径

STEM教育模式创造性地将科学、技术、工程、数学领域的内容与学科教学相结合,扭转了课堂教学中学生被动学习知识的局面,鼓励学生在极具综合性的问题中主动探索未知。教师应在初中物理教学中挖掘教材内容、创设问题情境、引入游戏教学、创新实验教学、推动课后服务、融合多科知识、联系实际生活,从而在知识讲解、自主探索、寓教于乐、动手操作、专题活动、学科整合、知识应用中合理渗透STEM教育模式,以有效提升学生的学习主动性与实践操作能力。

时空之维与存在之思——论刘慈欣小说《三体》中的非自然叙事

刘慈欣的小说《三体》描绘了一个世界从社会底层到金字塔顶端的立体全景。在非自然叙事理论的参照下,本文围绕三体游戏与未来图景的创造想象、叙事折叠与技术隐喻和宇宙社会学的价值观建构三方面,分析《三体》系列小说中的虚构想象。作者将对人的生存、社会以及宇宙的深刻思考寄寓于超越日常生存的想象书写之中,借宇宙尺度的时空描绘,赞颂了可能世界中展现出的人类的理性主义和人文精神,开拓了超越性视野。

数字游戏赋能高校思想政治教育数字化转型:耦合逻辑、问题透视与实践路向

数字游戏作为当代大学生主要的文化消费和娱乐休闲方式,已经成为形塑大学生社交关系和价值序列的关键变量,映射了当代大学生数字化生活的诉求转向。数字游戏是积累多源、异构、海量数据的有效载体,促进场域融通的持续性资源和链接多维场景的技术手段,具有升维数字化转型的独特优势。然而,囿于数字游戏与高校思想政治教育的嵌合张力,数字游戏与高校思想政治教育数字化转型之间存在的观念裂痕与理论缺位、技术错位与治理异步、话语冲突与叙事困局等困境,致使高校思想政治教育对数字游戏形成被动静默形象,遮蔽了数字游戏的数据潜力、技术价值和场景优势。因此,数字游戏与高校思想政治教育数字化转型耦合共生的基本要义在于转变思想观念,主动开辟数字游戏新阵地;驱动数字游戏内嵌于高校思想政治教育数字化转型的演变逻辑,释放耦合动力;将主流叙事的认知图式嵌入数字游戏文化的新范式,通过情景叠加的叙事触达学生生活世界,在数字游戏与高校思想政治教育数字化转型的耦合共生中释放共创的内驱力。