Time-dependent changes of astrocytes following microinjection of kainic acid and irradiation by gamma-knife in adult rat brain

objective: Two groups of rats were microinjected with kainic acid (KA) and irradiated with gam ma knife respectively on unilateral nucleus caudate-putamen to compare the response of astrocytes. Methods: The astrocytes were identified with anti-GFAP immunohistochemical ABC method and the progress of their reaction to the 2 insults was examined from 3 h to 30 d after the lesion. Results: Both lesions could induce hyperplasia and hypertrophy of astrocytes and 2 types of GFAP-ir cells were found, one with small cell body and thin process, and the other with hypertrophic cell body and thick and long process. The timecourse of GFAP expression in the 2 groups was different. In KA microinjection group, large necrotic area was ob served in the target within 24 h. Three days later, a few astrocytes appeared around the necrosis. With in crease of the survival time, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of astrocytes began to increase. Whereas in gamma knife group, hyperplasia and hypertrophy were evident from 3 h to 7 d and necrotic dots could be seen in the target on day 14. On day 30, necrosis was tnore obvious with gradual variations in GFAP expression around the necrotic area. Conclusion: The above results indicated that GFAP could be used as a marker for CNS in jury; the difference in their timing and distribution pattern suggested different mechanisms in KA microinjec tion group and gamma-knife irradiation group.

Entrapment of the temporal horn secondary to postoperative gamma-knife radiosurgery in intraventricular meningioma: A case report

BACKGROUND Entrapment of the temporal horn (ETH) is a rare pathologic condition. It is a kind of focal hydrocephalus caused by obstruction of flow pathway of cerebrospinal fluid. It is caused by various conditions, but ETH secondary to postoperative gamma-knife radiosurgery (GKS) is extremely rare. CASE SUMMARY A 52-year old previously healthy woman underwent resection of a large intraventricular meningioma. A small fragment of residual tumor with no obvious enlargement of the temporal horn was observed 3 mo after surgery, and she was referred for GKS. Two months after GKS, she complained of headache and progressive paralysis of the left limb. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlargement of the temporal horn. There was a second procedure to resect the residual tumor 8 mo after GKS. After the second procedure, she recovered smoothly. As of the date of this writing, she has remained in good condition. CONCLUSION This case reminds us that ETH should be considered in the treatment of intraventricular meningiomas, especially before GKS.

Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed.

Gamma knife treatment of rat glioma Influences of irradiation dose on apoptosis and necrosis

BACKGROUND： Apoptosis and necrosis are cellular death mechanisms that are induced in glioma cells following gamma knife irradiation. Increased apoptosis is essential for maintaining and enhancing treatment efficacy. OBJECTIVE： To observe apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms of rat glioma models induced by gamma knife treatment and to analyze the influences of irradiation doses on apoptosis and necrosis. DESIGN： Controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University and Gamma Knife Center of Hefei Brain Hospital. MATERIALS： Eighteen female specific pathogen free Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 180 210 g and 5 6 weeks old, were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center, Medical College of Suzhou University. Rat C6 glioma cells were purchased from the cell bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Annexin V-FITC Reagent Kit （Bender Med System. Company, USA） and a flow cytometer （Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur） were provided. METHODS： The experiment was conducted at the Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University and Gamma Knife Center of Hefei Brain Hospital from December 2006 to May 2007. All rats were inoculated with C6 glioma cells, i.e., 4 μL of a C6 glioma cell suspension was injected 5 mm deep in the cortex. All rats were divided randomly into a model group, 9-Gy treatment group, and 12-Gy treatment group. There were six rats in each group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Apoptosis and necrosis of normal brain tissue and glioma were observed by Flow Cytometry one week after irradiation, and pathological changes to tumor tissue were identified by HE staining. RESULTS： Eighteen rats were initially selected for the study： two rats from the model and 12-Gy treatment groups died from accidental anesthesia. The remaining 16 rats were included in the final result analysis. Cellular apoptosis and necrosis： apoptosis and necrosis were significantly increased in the treatment groups after gamma knife irradiation, compared to the model group （P 〈 0.05）. Apoptosis was greater in the 9-Gy treatment group compared to the 12-Gy treatment group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Necrosis was significantly reduced in the 9-Gy treatment group compared to the 12-Gy treatment group （P 〈 0.01）. Pathological changes： The necrosis of the center of tumor tissue appeared in the 9, 12 Gy treatment group. Cells dispersed in the necrosis region and the density of cells was higher with the longer distance from the necrosis region. There were patches of pycnotic cells with different period between the edge and center of the necrosis region, and the cellular dropsy could be seen. Moreover, the amount of necrosis was greater with increasing doses of irradiation. CONCLUSION： Apoptosis and necrosis are cellular death mechanisms induced by gamma knife treatment of gliomas. Cellular necrosis increased with greater irradiation doses.

Gamma knife treatment for refractory epilepsy in seizure focus localized by positron emission tomography/CT

A total of 80 patients with refractory epilepsy were recruited from the Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital. The loci of 60% of the patients could be positioned using a combined positron emission tomography/CT imaging modality. Hyper- and hypometabolism foci were examined as part of this study. Patients who had abnormal metabolism in positron emission tomography/CT imaging were divided into intermittent-phase group and the seizure-phase group. The intermittent-phase group was further divided into a single-focus group and a multiple-foci group according to the number of seizure foci detected by imaging. Following gamma knife treatment, seizure frequency was significantly lower in the intermittent-phase group and the seizure-phase group. Wieser＇s classification reached Grade I or II in nearly 40% of patients. Seizure frequency was significantly lower following treatment, but Wieser＇s classification score was significantly higher in the seizure-phase group compared with the intermittent-phase group. Seizure frequency was significantly lower following treatment in the single-focus group, but Wieser＇s classification score was significantly higher in the single-focus group as compared with the multiple-foci group.

Treatment for arteriovenous malformation of the brain Comparison between microsurgery and gamma knife

Microsurgery and gamma knife are the mainly ways to treat arteriovenous malformation of brain in grade Spetzler-Martin I -III; however, therapeutic effects of them need to be further studied. OBJECTIVE： To compare the therapeutic effects between microsurgery and gamma knife on the treatment of arteriovenous malformation of brainin grade Spetzler-Martin I-III. DESIGN： Retrospective analysis. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Microinvasion Center. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 86 patients with arteriovenous malformation of the brain were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Microinvasion Center from January 1997 to February 2007. After DSA, CT and/or MRI examinations, patients were evaluated in grade Spetzler-Martin I -III. All patients were divided into microsurgery group （n = 34） and gamma knife group （n =52）. There were 22 males and 12 females in the microsurgery group and their mean age was 26 years, while there were 34 males and 18 females in the gamma knife group and their mean age was 28 years. The grade of Spetzler-Martin was comparable in the two groups. All their relatives provided the confirmed consent and the study was allowed by ethics committee of our hospital. METHODS： Under complete anesthesia, patients were given microsurgery and the operative approach was chosen based on diseased regions. Firstly, feeding artery was blocked; secondly, it was separated along band of gliosis between malformation vessel mass and brain tissue; finally, draining vein was cut off and malformation vessel mass was resected. On the other hand, patients in the gamma knife group received Leksell-2300B gamma knife treatment. Leksell-G stereotaxis headframe was installed; GEl .STMR scanning device was used for localization; r-PlanS.2 workstation was used for target design and dosage program; Leksell B gamma knife was used during the whole operative procedure. The target was l - 4 and peripheral dosage was 12- 28 Gy. At 0.5, l and 2 years after operation, angiography was used to detect vascular occlusion in the two groups. Meanwhile, focal hemorrhage and new neurological function defect （including hemiplegic paralysis, language disorder, cerebellar function disorder, increasing frequency of epilepsy, etc.） were also observed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Rate of vascular occlusion, focal hemorrhage and neurological function defect at different time points after operation. RESULTS： All 86 patients were involved in the final analysis. Vascular nest of patients in the microsurgery group disappeared completely; while, two patients （6%, 2/34） had new neurological function defect but did not have rehaemorrhagia and death after operation. On the other hand, vascular nest of 43 patients （83%, 43/52） in the gamma knife group disappeared completely, and 8 （l 5%, 8/52） had new neurological function defect. There was significant difference between the two groups （ x^2=2.63, P 〈 0.05）. Six patients （12%, 6/52） in the gamma knife group had rehaemorrhagia after operation, and one （2%, 1/52） died. CONCLUSION： Both microsurgery and gamma knife have great effects on the treatment of arteriovenous malformation of brain in grade Spetzler-Martin I-III;however, the therapeutic effects ofmicrosurgery are superior to those of gamma knife.

Current gamma knife treatment for ophthalmic branch of primary trigeminal neuralgia

AIM: To probe into problems existing in gamma knife treatment of ophthalmic branch of primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and propose a safe and effective solution to the problem. METHODS: Through sorting the literature reporting gamma knife treatment of refractory TN in recent years, this article analyzed the advantages and problems of gamma knife treatment of primary TN, and proposed reasonable assessment for existing problems and the possible solution. RESULTS: Gamma knife treatment of TN has drawn increasing attention of clinicians due to its unique non-invasion, safety and effectiveness, but there are three related issue; to be considered. The first one is the uncertainty of the optimal dose (70-90GY); the second one is the difference in radiotherapy target selection (using a single isocenter or two isocenters); and the third one is the big difference of recurrent pains (specific treatment methods need to be summarized and improved). CONCLUSION: For patients with refractory TN, gamma knife treatment can be selected when the medical treatment fails or drug side effects emerge. The analysis of a large number of TN patients receiving gamma knife treatment has shown that this is a safe and effective treatment method.

Proof of Concept in a Case Study of Glioblastoma Multiforme Successfully Treated with IV Quercetin in Combination with Leading Edge Gamma Knife and Standard Treatments

The Stupp protocol has become standard of care for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) (since its publication in 2005) and has led to some limited survival improvements. This protocol, consists of radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide, an alkylating agent. Temozolomide + radiation, compared to radiation alone had added in average 3 months additional life span, 16 percent improved survival at 2 years. That said since 2005, the standard of care has not changed in regards to the treatment of early diagnosed aggressive or multifocal GBM, and unfortunately the expected survival is still poor with 75 percent of patients dying in less than 2 years and average survival of 15 months. In patients with multifocal tumors (such as the case below) the average survival is even worse with less than 4 months at her age [1]. Here we present a case study of a patient with advanced multifocal, and rapidly progressing Glioblastoma Multiforme treated with STUPP protocol in combination with IV Quercetin. The patient experienced improved quality of life and response, compared to historical data. It is our recommendation to investigate such combinational approach in patients with Glioblastoma, as in our case it proved to be safe and effective with improved quality of life and performance as well as clinical response and survival.

Comparison of the Improvement Effect of MVD and Gamma Knife on Pain,Anxiety and Depression of Patients after Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia

Objective:To explore the effects of microsurgical vascular decompression(MVD)and gamma knife respectively on the treatment of pain,anxiety and depression in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia.Methods:From February 2011 to June 2017,we treated 108 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia.According to the treatment plan of the patients,they were divided into an observation group and a control group,54 cases each.The observation group underwent microsurgical vascular decompression(MVD)for the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia,while the control group received gamma knife treatment.The effects of pain,improvement of anxiety and depression were compared between two groups at 1 week,3 months,and 6 months after treatment.Results:The pain,anxiety and depression scores of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:MVD can relieve patients'pain,anxiety and depression symptoms,as well as improve quality of life and restore self-confidence in life.

Efficiency of Gamma Knife Radiosugery and Acupuncture Therapy on Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia

Objective:To compare the clinical effectiveness of gamma knife radiosugery combined with acupuncture therapy and microvascular decompression in the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.Methods:A total of 93 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia added to Nanchang University Hospital from November 2016 to October 2018 were selected,it was divided randomly into the control group(45 cases)and the study group(48 cases).The control group was treated with microvascular decompression and the study group used gamma knife radiosurgery combined with acupuncture therapy.The study compared the immediate pain relief rate,Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores,completion rate,recurrence rate,hospitalization days,total treatment duration,total treatment cost and total effective rate of treatment in 2 groups.Results:Comparison of the same group after treatment:the VAS score with 24 hours of treatment in the control group was(5.33±0.49),with a significant difference from the pre-treatment VAS score(8.62±0.13);The VAS score with 24 hours of treatment in the study group was(5.96±0.58),with a significant difference from the pre-treatment VAS score(8.54±0.25).After treatment,immediate effect,parent effect,acute and chronic complements of the control group was 25,5,2 and 7 cases,and the study group was 6,25,7 and 1,respectively.There were significant differences between the two groups;The comparison of hospitalization days,total treatment duration,total treatment cost was statistically significant(P<0.05);There were no significant difference in immediate pain rate,VAS score,total incidence of complications,recurrence rate,and total effectiveness of treatment between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Both microvascular decompression and gamma knife radiosurgery combined with acupuncture therapy can safe and effective treatment idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia patients,and for patients with good health,can tolerance all-hemp surgery,there are contraindicaindications to acupuncture therapy,microvascular decompression treatment can be chosen,while patients who are weak,cannot tolerante all-hemp surgery or resist surgery,economic difficulties,and can choose gamma knife radiosurgery combined with acupuncture therapy treatment.

美国新一代立体定向放射外科技术——GammaART-6000^(TM)非对称性旋转伽玛系统

伽玛刀技术1967自诞生以来奠定了立体定向放射外科技术的地位。而近20年随着调强放疗技术的发展和成熟,伽玛刀技术吸收调强放疗成为了新的发展趋势。美国GAMMAART-6000TM非对称性旋转伽玛系统就从放射源的非对称分布设计、自动病人定位系统(APS)、治疗计划系统(TPS)以及QA系统方面将调强放疗技术有机的结合在了伽玛刀技术中,从而代表了立体定向放射外科技术的最新发展。

A gamma-ray therapeutic system applied to treatment of body tumors

In order to treat malignant tumors in human body, a stereotactic gamma-ray whole-body therapeutic system has been developed. This system is a typical large mechatronics treatment machine. In this paper, its main working principles and characteristics are introduced. This system comprises a special gallows frame with an open vertical structure, a changeable collimator device by which the size of convergence center can be chosen, and a 3D treatment couch. A computer brings the couch to target position automatically. Therefore precise and dynamic rotary converging therapy for tumors located anywhere in the body has been realized. The system's performance has been proved in practice, which includes good curative effect, reliable automation, and safe and secure operation.

Clinical efficacy of Gamma Knife® combined with transarterial chemoembolization and immunotherapy in the treatment of primary liver cancer

BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Gamma Knife®combined with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)and immunotherapy in the treatment of primary liver cancer.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Gamma Knife®combined with TACE and immune-targeted therapy in the treatment of primary liver cancer.METHODS Clinical data from 51 patients with primary liver cancer admitted to our hospital between May 2018 and October 2022 were retrospectively collected.All patients underwent Gamma Knife®treatment combined with TACE and immunotherapy.The clinical efficacy,changes in liver function,overall survival(OS),and progression-free survival(PFS)of patients with different treatment responses were evaluated,and adverse reactions were recorded.RESULTS The last follow-up for this study was conducted on October 31,2023.Clinical evaluation of the 51 patients with primary liver cancer revealed a partial response(PR)in 27 patients,accounting for 52.94%(27/51);stable disease(SD)in 16 patients,accounting for 31.37%(16/51);and progressive disease(PD)in 8 patients,accounting for 15.69%(8/51).The objective response rate was 52.94%,and the disease control rate was 84.31%.Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,lactate dehydrogenase,and alpha-fetoprotein isoform levels decreased after treatment compared with pretreatment(all P=0.000).The median OS was 26 months[95%confidence interval(95%CI):19.946-32.054]in the PR group and 19 months(95%CI:14.156-23.125)in the SD+PD group,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.015).The median PFS was 20 months(95%CI:18.441-34.559)in the PR group and 12 months(95%CI:8.745-13.425)in the SD+PD group,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.002).Common adverse reactions during treatment included nausea and vomiting(39.22%),thrombocytopenia(27.45%),and leukopenia(25.49%),with no treatment-related deaths reported.CONCLUSION Gamma Knife®combined with TACE and immune-targeted therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of primary liver cancer and has a good effect on improving the clinical benefit rate and liver function of patients.

复发高级别脑胶质瘤患者伽玛刀放疗预后危险因素及风险预测模型构建

目的分析复发高级别脑胶质瘤患者伽玛刀放疗预后的危险因素,并构建风险预测模型。方法回顾性收集2019年1月至2022年1月于医院接受伽玛刀放疗的85例复发高级别脑胶质瘤患者临床资料,依据随访1 a期间预后情况将资料分为病死组(n=40)与存活组(n=45)。采用Cox回归分析影响复发高级别脑胶质瘤患者伽玛刀放疗预后的因素,根据回归分析结果构建风险预测模型,利用R软件构建列线图,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线评估风险模型的预测效能。结果病死组年龄、最大肿瘤直径大于存活组,而靶区周边剂量、放疗前Karnofsky功能状态(KPS)评分低于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Cox回归分析显示,年龄、最大肿瘤直径为复发高级别脑胶质瘤患者伽玛刀放疗后病死的危险因素(HR>1,P<0.05),而靶区周边剂量、放疗前KPS评分为复发高级别脑胶质瘤患者伽玛刀放疗后病死的保护因素(HR<1,P<0.05);绘制列线图构建复发高级别脑胶质瘤患者伽玛刀放疗预后病死风险预测模型,验证模型区分度显示一致性指数(C-index)值=0.876,具有良好的区分度;绘制标准曲线显示,校准曲线与Y-X直线相近,模型准确度良好。结论年龄、靶区周边剂量、最大肿瘤直径、KPS评分为复发高级别脑胶质瘤患者伽玛刀放疗预后的影响因素,基于以上因素构建的风险模型对于复发高级别脑胶质瘤患者伽玛刀放疗预后的预测价值较高,具有良好的临床应用价值。

伽玛刀立体定向放射治疗肺癌脑转移瘤患者预后不良的影响因素

目的:分析伽玛刀立体定向放射治疗肺癌脑转移瘤患者预后不良的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年1月在该院接受伽马刀立体定向放射治疗的121例肺癌脑转移瘤患者的临床资料。统计伽玛刀立体定向放射治疗肺癌脑转移瘤患者的预后情况,采用Logistic回归分析伽玛刀立体定向放射治疗肺癌脑转移瘤患者预后不良的影响因素。结果:121例伽马刀立体定向放射治疗肺癌脑转移瘤患者预后不良40例,设为预后不良组,预后良好81例,设为预后良好组;预后不良组脑转移瘤最大直径≥3 cm、血清鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)≥3.80 ng/mL、血清细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)≥7.52 ng/mL、血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)≥50.81μg/L占比均高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清SCC-Ag≥3.80 ng/mL、血清NSE≥50.81μg/L均为伽玛刀立体定向放射治疗肺癌脑转移瘤患者预后不良的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论:血清SCC-Ag≥3.80 ng/mL、血清NSE≥50.81μg/L均为伽玛刀立体定向放射治疗肺癌脑转移瘤患者预后不良的危险因素。

体部γ-刀高分次剂量治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的:评价体部γ- 刀高分次剂量治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和放射反应。方法:对28例Ⅰ～Ⅱ期非 小细胞肺癌采用国产旋转式体部γ -刀治疗,治疗时用真空负压袋固定体位、CT定位扫描和三维计划。照射剂量肿瘤边缘 (50%剂量线)5Gy/次,5次/周,肿瘤局部总剂量40～50Gy。结果:原发灶的完全缓解率(CR)67.9%(19/28),部分缓解率 (PR)32.1%(9/28),总有效率100%。28例全部按计划完成治疗,放射反应较轻,放射性肺炎,Ⅰ级占25%(7/28),Ⅱ级占 10.7%(3/28)。放射性食管反应在周围型肺癌几乎没有,中心型肺癌的7例中,Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级2例。1、2年肿瘤局部控制率 和总生存率分别为92.3%、82.8%和85.7%、76.5%。结论:体部伽玛刀治疗早期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效好,放射反应轻,能 为所有患者耐受,是一种有效安全的局部治疗手段之一;但是其远期疗效和晚发性放射损伤尚有待进一步观察。

听神经瘤的γ-刀治疗(附119例随访报告)

目的 评价伽玛刀（γ－刀）治疗听神经瘤的疗效。方法用Ｌｅｋｓｅ１１Ｂ型γ－刀治疗听神经瘤１１９例，并随访１～５年。扫描定位用１．５Ｔｅｓｌａ磁共振仪，剂量规划系统为γ－ｐｌａｎ４．０版。肿瘤体积０．０２～２０．８ｃｍ３；周边剂量９～１７Ｇｙ，平均１３Ｇｙ；中心剂量１８～４５Ｇｙ，平均３２Ｇｙ；靶点数２～１０个，平均４个。结果 肿瘤体积缩小９５例（８０％），其中显效１６例（１３％，指体积缩小超过７５％），无变化１４例（１２％），增大１０例（８％）。６１例（５１％）听力有保存，１１例（９％）听力有改善；５例半年后出现面瘫，１例持续５周后消失，２例经再次手术后好转，另有２例有永久面瘫；３例病人出现三叉神经痛，２例为一过性，１例服药好转。结论γ－刀治疗对听神经瘤具有良好的控制生长作用，尤其适合体积＜６．５ｃｍ３及不宜开颅手术的病人，对颅神经的损伤风险低，是一种安全有效的治疗方法。

联合应用立体定向间质内放疗及γ-刀治疗复发性颅咽管瘤

目的 寻求手术后残留或复发颅咽管瘤的新治疗方法 ;并评价立体定向囊内间质内放疗结合伽玛刀 (γ 刀 )治疗的有效性和安全性。方法 应用立体定向囊内核素置入间质内放疗结合γ 刀治疗 82例手术后残留或复发的颅咽管瘤 ,其中男 5 4例 ,女 2 8例 ,年龄 3～ 70岁。对实体肿瘤为主者 ,先行囊内穿刺核素内放疗 ,再行γ 刀照射治疗共 2 1例 ;对囊性肿瘤为主者 ,则先行实体部分肿瘤γ 刀治疗 ,再行囊性部分的核素内放疗 ,共 6 1例。结果 70例患者接受 12～ 5 4个月 (平均 33.4个月 )的随访 ,对实体肿瘤为主、囊性肿瘤为主以及总有效控制率分别为 94 .1%、92 .5 %和 92 .9%。无手术死亡及严重并发症发生。结论 γ 刀结合立体定向囊内放射疗法 ,能够安全有效地治疗颅咽管瘤术后残留 。

颅内肿瘤患者行伽玛刀治疗体验质性研究

目的了解颅内肿瘤患者行伽玛刀治疗的过程体验,为制定护理干预策略提供参考依据。方法采用目的抽样法,选取2023年6-9月入住某神经外科伽玛刀中心的12例患颅内肿瘤行伽玛刀治疗的患者,进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析资料并提炼主题。结果归纳出以下5个主题。(1)确诊时的感受与应对:复杂情绪反应;积极调动应对资源。(2)对伽玛刀治疗的态度:犹豫不决;服从医生;欣然接受。(3)治疗中的感受:疼痛;病耻感;幽闭恐惧;轻松舒适;温暖有爱。(4)治疗中的内外部应对:内部应对为忍耐与回避、正念冥想、分散注意力、躯体放松;外部应对为家庭、朋友支持、医务人员支持、社会支持。(5)治疗后的感受:如释重负;顺其自然;期待重生。结论在伽玛刀治疗的不同阶段,颅内肿瘤患者情绪及其应对呈现动态变化的特点;患者对伽玛刀治疗的认知水平与接受程度逐渐提高;患者能调动内外部支持系统,积极应对治疗中的不适感受和负性情绪。提示应了解患者不同阶段的情绪反应和认知特点,帮助积极应对,以便降低患者对疾病及治疗的恐惧、焦虑、疼痛等不良反应,顺利完成伽玛刀的治疗。

立体定向放射外科中的 γ-刀治疗规划的优化

在γ－刀治疗规划系统中，治疗方案一般是由医生反复调试各参数后确定的，这不仅费时，而且难以获得最佳结果．因此，对方案进行数学优化是很有必要的．本文给出解决该问题的一种方法，即改进单纯形法。