Soil quality of garden plants is an important factor for good growth of garden plants.Based on the analysis of the current situation of garden soil,the ecological value and feasibility of composting technology applied...Soil quality of garden plants is an important factor for good growth of garden plants.Based on the analysis of the current situation of garden soil,the ecological value and feasibility of composting technology applied in garden soil improvement were discussed.This study provided a basis for strengthening the quality management of garden soil,improving the standard of garden soil improvement,and helping the healthy and sustainable development of modern garden greening.展开更多
The leaching characteristics of a garden soil may be greatly affected by application of poultry and livestock manures from intensive farming.Packed soil columns of a garden soil (CK) and the soils after respectively r...The leaching characteristics of a garden soil may be greatly affected by application of poultry and livestock manures from intensive farming.Packed soil columns of a garden soil (CK) and the soils after respectively receiving 2% pig manure (PM),chicken manure (CM),and commercial organic manure (OM) were leached with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2 and 0.01 mol L^(-1) EDTA solutions.The leachate EC (electric conductivity) values gradually increased at the beginning and then reached a stable value when the soil columns were leached with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2 solution.The leachate EC values showed a peak-shape when leached with 0.01 mol L^(-1) EDTA solution.In all the soil columns,the pH values of the leachates decreased with increase of displacement volumes when the Ca(NO_3)_2 solution was used.The total amounts of Cu and Zn eluted from the four soil columns were significantly correlated with the extracted soil Cu and Zn concentrations by 1.0 mol L^(-1) NH_4NO_3,but were not correlated with the leachate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents.The Zn concentration in the leachate of the PM-treated soil column with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2 solution was above the Quality StandardⅢfor Ground Water of China (GB/T 14848-93,Zn<1.0 mg L^(-1)).When compared with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2,the EDTA solution significantly accelerated Cu and Zn elutions in the manure-treated columns.This suggested that applying poultry and livestock manures from intensive farming to farmland might pose a threat to the groundwater quality.展开更多
Survey on fertility of tea garden soil in Meizhou region indicates that tea garden soil has strong acidity; organic matter content remains at medium level; there is a severe lack of available content of nitrogen(N),ph...Survey on fertility of tea garden soil in Meizhou region indicates that tea garden soil has strong acidity; organic matter content remains at medium level; there is a severe lack of available content of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K); available calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) content is also insufficient; available sulfur(S) is abundant. In the management of tea cultivation,it is recommended to supplement organic fertilizer,balance the application of NPK fertilizer,and adequately alleviate shortage of Ca and Mg element,to guarantee high and stable yield of tea.展开更多
Urban and peri-urban agriculture plays a key role by providing many goods and services. In particular, it provides diversified food and employment for vulnerable groups (youth and women). However, it often involves ne...Urban and peri-urban agriculture plays a key role by providing many goods and services. In particular, it provides diversified food and employment for vulnerable groups (youth and women). However, it often involves negative externalities due to non-conventional soils fertility management practices. This study aimed to investigate the chemical quality of soils over six (06) sites of the market gardening area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) as affected by fertilizers uses and sites location. Thirty (30) representative market gardening farms, located in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, were randomly selected from a baseline survey database. Within each farm, composite soil samples made up of 3 individual cores were taken over the 0 - 15 cm soil depth for determining soils carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus contents and pH-water. These data were normalized and summarized to compute a synthetic Soil Fertility Index (SFI). The data processing was focused on a Principal Component Analysis and an Ascendant Hierarchical Classification in order to make a typology of the vegetable farms. Fertilizers management effects on soils quality were compared through Variance Analysis (ANOVA) following a GLM procedure in Rstudio software. As main results, soils chemical parameters, except for available K, were affected by the location of the sites. Soils in urban farms are less acidic (on average pH = 6.9), while semi-urban and rural sites (Samadeni, Nakaguana) have more acidic soils. However, the latter site had the highest values of C and N. Moreover, the long-term application of organic matter sources results in improving of the chemical quality of the market garden soil. The SFI is positively correlated with the rate of applied organic fertilizers, and the cultivation duration. On the other hand, soil quality tends to decrease with the expansion of the area, due to a dilution effect of the organic fertilizer doses. All these results suggest that there is a real scope to reinforce the position of the market garden as an opportunity for recycling organic wastes and sequestration of carbon by promoting relevant fertilization packages that strongly rely on organic matters sources (Compost, Biochar, etc.).展开更多
The distribution of Al and F contents and the relationship between Al and F in tea plants and soils of 12 tea gardens in Central and Southwest China were investigated from October 31 to November 14, 2006. The results ...The distribution of Al and F contents and the relationship between Al and F in tea plants and soils of 12 tea gardens in Central and Southwest China were investigated from October 31 to November 14, 2006. The results show that there were differences in pH, CEC, the contents of organic matter (OM), Al and F in the different soils of the tea gardens. The Al content ranged from 1196 to 7976mg/kg for old leaf, 370 to 2681mg/kg for young leaf and 285 to 525mg/kg for stem, whereas the content of F ranged from 221 to 1504mg/kg for old leaf, 49 to 602mg/kg for young leaf and 13.5 to 77.5mg/kg for stem. The concentrations of labile Al varied obviously in the different soils, but the distribution law of labile Al content for the same garden was Alexchangeable≈AlFe-Mn oxide>Alorganic>Alwater-soluble. The contents of different labile F fractions varied slightly in the different soils and the different soil layers, though the exchangeable F content was lowest among the labile F in the soils. The concentrations of Al and F in tea plants increased with increasing amount of water-soluble Al or F, especially the amount of water-soluble fractions in the soil layer of 0-20cm.The correlation between Al content and F content in the tea leaf was more significant than that in the tea stem. Furthermore, the correlation between Al content and F content in whole tea plant was strongly significant (r=0.8763, p<0.01, n=36). There were evident tendency that Al concentration increased with the increase of F concentration in different soil layers. The correlation of water-soluble Al with water-soluble F in all soils was also strongly significant (r=0.7029, p<0.01, n=34). The results may provide a proof that Al and F are jointly taken up by tea plants to some extent in natural tea gardens.展开更多
[ Objective] The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels on soil enzymatic activities in mulberry gardens, thus providing reference for rational...[ Objective] The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels on soil enzymatic activities in mulberry gardens, thus providing reference for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and production of high-quality mulberry leaves. [Method] Field experiments were conducted with three different nitrogen fertilizer application levels: N, ( 120.75 kg/hm2 ), N2 ( 172.5 kg/hm2 ), and N3 (207 kg/hm2 ). Activities of catalase, urease, acid phosphatase and invertase in soil applied with different amount of nitrogen fertilizer were determined to analyze the correlation between soil enzymatic activities and mulberry leaf yield. [ Result] Activities of urease and invertase in soil were improved with the increasing application level of nitrogen fertil- izer; activities of catalase and acid phosphatase reached the highest in treatment N2. Activities of invertase and urease in soil exhibited significant positive correla- tions; activities of invertase and phosphatase exhibited significant positive correlations; extremely significant positive correlations were found between mulberry leaf yield and activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase in soil. [ Conclusion] Rationally applying nitrogen fertilizer can improve activities of invertase, phosphatase and urease in mulberry gardens ; activities of urease and invertase in soil can be used as indicators to evaluate soil properties in mulberry gardens.展开更多
Garden soil test was used to study the effects of different cultivation time of garden plants on soil chemical properties and soil enzyme activities in the garden. The results showed that with the extension of cultiva...Garden soil test was used to study the effects of different cultivation time of garden plants on soil chemical properties and soil enzyme activities in the garden. The results showed that with the extension of cultivation time,the activity of protease,urease and catalase in Ginkgo biloba soil increased significantly,while the activity of protease in other garden plants showed a certain degree of decline,and the activity of urease increased significantly in the soil cultivated Lagerstroemia indica for over 3 years. However,in the soil cultivated the garden plants for less than 3 years,the difference in the activity of urease was relatively small,and the difference in the activity of catalase was relatively significant.展开更多
In order to further optimize the cultivation and agronomic technology of Guilin Maojian tea gardens, the effects, efficiencies and costs of different farming methods and their effects on the physiochemical properties ...In order to further optimize the cultivation and agronomic technology of Guilin Maojian tea gardens, the effects, efficiencies and costs of different farming methods and their effects on the physiochemical properties of tea garden soil were studied through the modification of the test sites with the non-farming land as the control. The results showed that human farming, mini-tiller farming and crawler tractor farming could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil. After farming, the soil had good water retention but low moisture content compared to the control group, while the soil bulk density and hardness value were significantly lower than those of the control, and the porosity of soil was significantly higher than that of contrast. With the passage of time, soil bulk density and hardness value gradually increased after farming, while the porosity of soil decreased gradually. There were great differences in the effects, efficiencies and costs of different farming methods. Crawler tractor had the best and most stable farming effect, and the operation efficiency was 10 times that of human farming while the cost was only 0.39 times of human farming. Therefore, it was feasible to adopt mini-tiller or crawler tractor to carry out mechanical farming of Guilin Maojian tea garden, which provided theoretical references for the soil property improvement using mechanical farming and was favorable for promoting the popularization of farming machines and the acceleration of mechanization of tea gardens. But for tea plantations that are intended to be mechanized, apart from the mechanical and technical personnel to be configured in place, the site conditions, planting modes and mechanical way reservation of tea garden should be planned accordingly. It is recommended to select flat or gentle slope for reclamation, and preference is given to non-sexual tea tree varieties with big line spacing over 180 cm long. Moreover, the main road construction should be more than 3.0 m, and trunk road 2.0 m or above. And isolation ditch and drain should be set between the tea garden and the surrounding mountain forests and farmland.展开更多
社区花园作为新兴起的一种城市绿地形式,以其自发性强、参与性高等特点成为城市居民营建可食景观的首选方式。但近年来的研究发现,社区花园土壤存在来源复杂、性质不稳定等城市棕地的特点,其土壤质量可能影响可食植物的安全性。因此,针...社区花园作为新兴起的一种城市绿地形式,以其自发性强、参与性高等特点成为城市居民营建可食景观的首选方式。但近年来的研究发现,社区花园土壤存在来源复杂、性质不稳定等城市棕地的特点,其土壤质量可能影响可食植物的安全性。因此,针对近10年来国内外社区花园土壤及其治理方式进行梳理,基于Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库,利用CiteSpace分析其热点主题、发文量和发展趋势等,从问题表征、研究对象与方法、理论与技术层面分析其研究现状与进展。在此基础上,对社区花园土壤存在的问题与治理方法进行总结。研究表明:社区花园用地属性不明,土壤现状复杂多变,存在以重金属、多环芳烃等为主的土壤污染,可能会对人体健康产生危害;土壤养分低,有干旱和碱化趋势;现阶段社区花园土壤治理方法以植物修复为主,多种技术联合为辅。研究结果可为社区花园的建设、管理和维护提供借鉴与参考。展开更多
基金Sponsored by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Tianjin City in 2018(201810061089)Agricultural Science and Technology Plan Project of Baodi District(2018035)The University Young and Middle-aged Backbone Innovation Talent Training Program in Tianjin(J01009030709)
文摘Soil quality of garden plants is an important factor for good growth of garden plants.Based on the analysis of the current situation of garden soil,the ecological value and feasibility of composting technology applied in garden soil improvement were discussed.This study provided a basis for strengthening the quality management of garden soil,improving the standard of garden soil improvement,and helping the healthy and sustainable development of modern garden greening.
基金Project supported by the Knowledge Innovative Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos.KZCX3-SW-435 and KZCX2-YW-404)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK2004219).
文摘The leaching characteristics of a garden soil may be greatly affected by application of poultry and livestock manures from intensive farming.Packed soil columns of a garden soil (CK) and the soils after respectively receiving 2% pig manure (PM),chicken manure (CM),and commercial organic manure (OM) were leached with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2 and 0.01 mol L^(-1) EDTA solutions.The leachate EC (electric conductivity) values gradually increased at the beginning and then reached a stable value when the soil columns were leached with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2 solution.The leachate EC values showed a peak-shape when leached with 0.01 mol L^(-1) EDTA solution.In all the soil columns,the pH values of the leachates decreased with increase of displacement volumes when the Ca(NO_3)_2 solution was used.The total amounts of Cu and Zn eluted from the four soil columns were significantly correlated with the extracted soil Cu and Zn concentrations by 1.0 mol L^(-1) NH_4NO_3,but were not correlated with the leachate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents.The Zn concentration in the leachate of the PM-treated soil column with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2 solution was above the Quality StandardⅢfor Ground Water of China (GB/T 14848-93,Zn<1.0 mg L^(-1)).When compared with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2,the EDTA solution significantly accelerated Cu and Zn elutions in the manure-treated columns.This suggested that applying poultry and livestock manures from intensive farming to farmland might pose a threat to the groundwater quality.
基金Supported by Agricultural Mechanization Research Program of Guangdong Province "Application and Demonstration of Multi-functional and Intelligent Water and Fertilizer Application Facilities"
文摘Survey on fertility of tea garden soil in Meizhou region indicates that tea garden soil has strong acidity; organic matter content remains at medium level; there is a severe lack of available content of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K); available calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) content is also insufficient; available sulfur(S) is abundant. In the management of tea cultivation,it is recommended to supplement organic fertilizer,balance the application of NPK fertilizer,and adequately alleviate shortage of Ca and Mg element,to guarantee high and stable yield of tea.
文摘Urban and peri-urban agriculture plays a key role by providing many goods and services. In particular, it provides diversified food and employment for vulnerable groups (youth and women). However, it often involves negative externalities due to non-conventional soils fertility management practices. This study aimed to investigate the chemical quality of soils over six (06) sites of the market gardening area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) as affected by fertilizers uses and sites location. Thirty (30) representative market gardening farms, located in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, were randomly selected from a baseline survey database. Within each farm, composite soil samples made up of 3 individual cores were taken over the 0 - 15 cm soil depth for determining soils carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus contents and pH-water. These data were normalized and summarized to compute a synthetic Soil Fertility Index (SFI). The data processing was focused on a Principal Component Analysis and an Ascendant Hierarchical Classification in order to make a typology of the vegetable farms. Fertilizers management effects on soils quality were compared through Variance Analysis (ANOVA) following a GLM procedure in Rstudio software. As main results, soils chemical parameters, except for available K, were affected by the location of the sites. Soils in urban farms are less acidic (on average pH = 6.9), while semi-urban and rural sites (Samadeni, Nakaguana) have more acidic soils. However, the latter site had the highest values of C and N. Moreover, the long-term application of organic matter sources results in improving of the chemical quality of the market garden soil. The SFI is positively correlated with the rate of applied organic fertilizers, and the cultivation duration. On the other hand, soil quality tends to decrease with the expansion of the area, due to a dilution effect of the organic fertilizer doses. All these results suggest that there is a real scope to reinforce the position of the market garden as an opportunity for recycling organic wastes and sequestration of carbon by promoting relevant fertilization packages that strongly rely on organic matters sources (Compost, Biochar, etc.).
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40573052)
文摘The distribution of Al and F contents and the relationship between Al and F in tea plants and soils of 12 tea gardens in Central and Southwest China were investigated from October 31 to November 14, 2006. The results show that there were differences in pH, CEC, the contents of organic matter (OM), Al and F in the different soils of the tea gardens. The Al content ranged from 1196 to 7976mg/kg for old leaf, 370 to 2681mg/kg for young leaf and 285 to 525mg/kg for stem, whereas the content of F ranged from 221 to 1504mg/kg for old leaf, 49 to 602mg/kg for young leaf and 13.5 to 77.5mg/kg for stem. The concentrations of labile Al varied obviously in the different soils, but the distribution law of labile Al content for the same garden was Alexchangeable≈AlFe-Mn oxide>Alorganic>Alwater-soluble. The contents of different labile F fractions varied slightly in the different soils and the different soil layers, though the exchangeable F content was lowest among the labile F in the soils. The concentrations of Al and F in tea plants increased with increasing amount of water-soluble Al or F, especially the amount of water-soluble fractions in the soil layer of 0-20cm.The correlation between Al content and F content in the tea leaf was more significant than that in the tea stem. Furthermore, the correlation between Al content and F content in whole tea plant was strongly significant (r=0.8763, p<0.01, n=36). There were evident tendency that Al concentration increased with the increase of F concentration in different soil layers. The correlation of water-soluble Al with water-soluble F in all soils was also strongly significant (r=0.7029, p<0.01, n=34). The results may provide a proof that Al and F are jointly taken up by tea plants to some extent in natural tea gardens.
基金Supported by Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2013YM19,2013YF06,2014JZ18)Science and Technology Project of the Ministry of Agriculture(201003014,201203021,201203030)
文摘[ Objective] The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels on soil enzymatic activities in mulberry gardens, thus providing reference for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and production of high-quality mulberry leaves. [Method] Field experiments were conducted with three different nitrogen fertilizer application levels: N, ( 120.75 kg/hm2 ), N2 ( 172.5 kg/hm2 ), and N3 (207 kg/hm2 ). Activities of catalase, urease, acid phosphatase and invertase in soil applied with different amount of nitrogen fertilizer were determined to analyze the correlation between soil enzymatic activities and mulberry leaf yield. [ Result] Activities of urease and invertase in soil were improved with the increasing application level of nitrogen fertil- izer; activities of catalase and acid phosphatase reached the highest in treatment N2. Activities of invertase and urease in soil exhibited significant positive correla- tions; activities of invertase and phosphatase exhibited significant positive correlations; extremely significant positive correlations were found between mulberry leaf yield and activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase in soil. [ Conclusion] Rationally applying nitrogen fertilizer can improve activities of invertase, phosphatase and urease in mulberry gardens ; activities of urease and invertase in soil can be used as indicators to evaluate soil properties in mulberry gardens.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Sichuan(15ZA035)
文摘Garden soil test was used to study the effects of different cultivation time of garden plants on soil chemical properties and soil enzyme activities in the garden. The results showed that with the extension of cultivation time,the activity of protease,urease and catalase in Ginkgo biloba soil increased significantly,while the activity of protease in other garden plants showed a certain degree of decline,and the activity of urease increased significantly in the soil cultivated Lagerstroemia indica for over 3 years. However,in the soil cultivated the garden plants for less than 3 years,the difference in the activity of urease was relatively small,and the difference in the activity of catalase was relatively significant.
基金Supported by the Planned Project for Science and Technology Development of Guilin City,China(20150117-2)the Special Fund for the Basic Research Operating Expenses Program of Public Welfare Research Institute Directly Subordinate to Guangxi,China(GCJB-16-18)
文摘In order to further optimize the cultivation and agronomic technology of Guilin Maojian tea gardens, the effects, efficiencies and costs of different farming methods and their effects on the physiochemical properties of tea garden soil were studied through the modification of the test sites with the non-farming land as the control. The results showed that human farming, mini-tiller farming and crawler tractor farming could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil. After farming, the soil had good water retention but low moisture content compared to the control group, while the soil bulk density and hardness value were significantly lower than those of the control, and the porosity of soil was significantly higher than that of contrast. With the passage of time, soil bulk density and hardness value gradually increased after farming, while the porosity of soil decreased gradually. There were great differences in the effects, efficiencies and costs of different farming methods. Crawler tractor had the best and most stable farming effect, and the operation efficiency was 10 times that of human farming while the cost was only 0.39 times of human farming. Therefore, it was feasible to adopt mini-tiller or crawler tractor to carry out mechanical farming of Guilin Maojian tea garden, which provided theoretical references for the soil property improvement using mechanical farming and was favorable for promoting the popularization of farming machines and the acceleration of mechanization of tea gardens. But for tea plantations that are intended to be mechanized, apart from the mechanical and technical personnel to be configured in place, the site conditions, planting modes and mechanical way reservation of tea garden should be planned accordingly. It is recommended to select flat or gentle slope for reclamation, and preference is given to non-sexual tea tree varieties with big line spacing over 180 cm long. Moreover, the main road construction should be more than 3.0 m, and trunk road 2.0 m or above. And isolation ditch and drain should be set between the tea garden and the surrounding mountain forests and farmland.
文摘社区花园作为新兴起的一种城市绿地形式,以其自发性强、参与性高等特点成为城市居民营建可食景观的首选方式。但近年来的研究发现,社区花园土壤存在来源复杂、性质不稳定等城市棕地的特点,其土壤质量可能影响可食植物的安全性。因此,针对近10年来国内外社区花园土壤及其治理方式进行梳理,基于Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库,利用CiteSpace分析其热点主题、发文量和发展趋势等,从问题表征、研究对象与方法、理论与技术层面分析其研究现状与进展。在此基础上,对社区花园土壤存在的问题与治理方法进行总结。研究表明:社区花园用地属性不明,土壤现状复杂多变,存在以重金属、多环芳烃等为主的土壤污染,可能会对人体健康产生危害;土壤养分低,有干旱和碱化趋势;现阶段社区花园土壤治理方法以植物修复为主,多种技术联合为辅。研究结果可为社区花园的建设、管理和维护提供借鉴与参考。