Research on Roof Morphology of Xu-style Garden Architecture in the Han Dynasty

Taking the stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty in the ancient Xuzhou region as materials,the paper studied the roofi ng forms of pavilion rooms and halls in the Han Dynasty from the perspective of roof and ridge style and its decorative features combined with literature records.The result showed that most of the roofs were straight slopes but the roof ridge diversifi ed.According to the different degree of warping,there are straight without warping,gentle and slight warping and large arc warping etc.,the warping forms had the roof characteristics of ancient Chinese architecture in both north and south China,showing diversifi ed and beautiful morphology.Through the technical treatment of structure and art,the roofi ng created a highly expressive images and eliminated the negative effect of the big lumpish and depressive roofs.Animal images of phoenix and Chiwen(two imaginary birds in ancient Chinese myth,with auspicious implications)in the roof ridge decorations refl ected the development of architectural structure technology and decorative art of Xu-Style gardens in the Han Dynasty.

Xu-style Garden Architecture of the Han Dynasty: Hanging Waterside Pavilion

Based on the Han Dynasty stone reliefs unearthed in the ancient Xuzhou area,a kind of pavilion above the water—hanging waterside pavilion(Xuan Shui Xie,built above the water with stilts and brackets as the base and seeming hanging on the water)was systematically collected and classifi ed into 2 major categories:single-bracket column hanging waterside pavilion and multiple-bracket column hanging waterside pavilion.The research showed that hanging waterside pavilion got ride of traditional pavilion’s reliance on rammed earth foundation.In addition to working as a connection part,brackets,or bucket arches(Dougong)had also tremendous load-bearing capacity,straight and curved brackets co-formed a giant multiple bracket system,staircases and one-side hanging structure were used to support the upper construction,so that a new towering but light wooden structure hanging above the water was created,which was an innovation of bracket technique of the Han Dynasty,and also a creative design in the development of wooden architecture.

Emergence and Development of Chinese-style Architecture in European Gardens in the 18th Century

The emergence and development of Chinese-style architecture in European gardens in the 18;century were studied, and the influence and significance of Chinese-style architecture in the development of European gardens were analyzed.

Integration of Architecture and Rockery in Classical Gardens of Suzhou

With the pilings of rockeries,bridge trails,doors and windows,pavilions,towers,walls,halls and studios,corridors and courtyards as the research subject,illustrated with a large number of pictures,the relationship between architecture and rockery in classical gardens was elaborated.In classical gardens,their harmonious,complementary and positive aspect was emphasized,and their opposite,repulsive and passive aspect was restricted,and even the passiveness could be transferred into positivity,so as to make the beauty of architecture and the beauty of nature coexist,coming to the state that the artificiality and the nature blend into one whole.The research was to provide reference for the design and construction of modern gardens.

The Inspiration of Chinese-Western Garden Architecture Environment for Indoor Landscape Design

By comparatively analyzing the difference of Chinese-Western culture,the paper discussed different garden building concepts of China and western countries,and also pointed out the difference of morphological features,poetic imagery of landscape,patterns,structure and spatial connects led by these concepts.It is believed that the introducing the architectural art of garden will become an inevitable tendency.Instances were used to illustrate spatial layout of classical gardens,the construction of poetic imagery,architectural forms of western gardens and its referential significance to indoor landscape design.

从Garden,Landscape Garden到Landscape Architecture——西方风景园林观念中的中国文化因子

Landscape architecture作为一门交叉学科正随着自然科学和社会科学的逐渐发展而日臻成熟,学术界对于该词演变发展的过程和相关历史资料的研究也从未停止,但是对于它与中国传统历史文化之间的渊源关系却鲜为人知。通过对Landscape一词的历史沿革与从Garden到Landscape architecture的发展历程进行探究,发现当代Landscape architecture专业在其发展的过程中深受中国传统文化中的审美观、自然观及思维方式的影响,以弘扬中国古代优秀文化遗产,促进Landscape architecture这样一门综合性学科的发展。

Software architecture based software deployment reliability estimation considering architectural style

Software today often consists of a large number of components offering and requiring services. Such components should be deployed into embedded, pervasive environments, and several deployment architectures are typically possible. These deployment architectures can have significant impacts on system reliability. However, existing reliability estimation approaches are typically limited to certain classes or exclusively concentrate on software reliability, neglecting the influence of hardware resources, software deployment and architectural styles. The selection of an appropriate architectural style has a significant impact on system reliability of the target system. Therefore, we propose a novel software architecture （SA） based reliability estimation model incorporating software deployment and architectural style. On the basis of two architectural styles, we design influence factors and present a new approach to calculate system reliability. Experimental results show that influence factors provide an accurate and simple method of reflecting architectural styles and software deployment on system reliability. It is important for considering the influence of other architectural styles on system reliability in large scale deployment environment.

Research on Modern Garden Architecture in The Fragrant Hills of Beijing

In the early years of Republic of China,Jingyi Garden in The Fragrant Hills of Beijing,the former imperial garden of Qing Dynasty,had turned desolate after the depredation of Anglo-French Allied Force,then the construction of modern garden architecture had started with the operation of The Children’s Philanthropical School of Fragrant Hills.Through reviewing historical literature and field investigation,this paper analyzed the historical background,planning and construction of these modern garden architecture,as well as their types and characteristics,and the utilization of original natural and historical environment of original Jingyi Garden.Based on this,this paper tried to display the historical prospects of modern garden architecture in Jingyi Garden,analyze their characteristics and discover their unique historic value.

Distribution Patterns of Remaining Hydrocarbons Controlled by Reservoir Architecture of Distributary Channel with Different Channel Style: S2 Formation of Songliao Basin, China

1 Introduction Reservoir architecture analysis of distributary channel of Daqing oilfield has drawn consistent interest among development geologists and petroleum engineers over the last decade(Lv et al.,1999;Zhou et al.,2008;Zhang et

Foreign Landscape Architecture History Teaching by Introducing Three-dimensional Graphic Analysis:A Case Study of Italian Renaissance Gardens

Taking contents of Italian Renaissance gardens in the course Foreign Landscape Architecture History as an example,this paper introduces case teaching method and analyzes application of three-dimensional graphic analysis method in case teaching in detail,aiming at typical cases of Italian Renaissance gardens,namely,Villa Medici,Fiesole and Villa d’Este,Tivoli.Three-dimensional graphic analysis can help students form intuitive feeling of terrain and space,further understand the typical gardening techniques of foreign gardens,so as to improve the teaching effect of landscape architecture history course.

Traditional Architectural Construction Style in the Contemporary Application and Transformation——A Case Study in the Eastern Area of Zhejiang Province

Traditional architectural construction style had rich connotation for application and transformation in contemporary architectural space design.With buildings in the eastern areas of Zhejiang Province as the research subjects,the paper explored forms of application and transformation and specific design techniques from microcosmic point.

Categories of the Garden Architectural Oddment and Its Application in Gardens

The definition,content,functions and properties of the garden architectural oddment were elaborated; by focusing on its classification from the content and analyzing the typical representations,the application of the garden architectural oddment was discussed to explore broader uses in the garden planning,and create more architectural oddments that are human-centered,coordinated with the environment,endowed with artistic beauty and close to life.

重视“Garden”

2023年北京市人民政府印发《北京花园城市专项规划(2023—2035年)》,相对于成都的“公园城市”建设,“花园城市”的语义正引发深入的专业思考。不同语言在相互翻译和转换中往往引发信息衰减与偏差,如Garden中译之“花园”或“园林”之别,Gardening中译之“造园”与“园艺”之别。以阿奇尔·杜谢内“Death of Garden Art”的言论为开篇,通过建构Gardening与Garden内涵关联,以追溯Garden专业身份角色变化的方式重新审视了风景园林(LA)发展的历程,论述了Garden本应具有的人-植物-土地直接情感关系的价值源点和Garden思维形成系统层递惰性的缘由,提出专业发展应在开放的和不断自我驱动更新的语境中走向人与自然的共赢之道。

Evolution of Classical Chinese Gardens Based on the Components of Architectural Culture

Based on the structural mode of cultural ecosystem,a structural mode of architectural culture was established in this study by replacing human society,exterior environment and culture in the cultural ecosystem with human activities,architectural environment and architectural culture.Within this mode,architectural engineering technology was in the uttermost layer of the architectural cultural structure,design techniques and written works in the middle layer,and values in the innermost layer.It was applied to analyze the evolution of classical Chinese gardens along the line of dynastic changes,from the perspectives of social consciousness,cultural psychology and aesthetic habit,it was pointed out that classical Chinese gardens have evolved from animal park to landscape garden,from urban residential garden to private garden in the southern regions of the Yangtze River,which also indicated a transition from focusing on exterior forms to stressing practical functions,and such a transition was realized on the basis of social consciousness and values of the time with the help of proper design techniques.

浅谈Landscape Architecture的中文译名

目前在中国景观界,Landscape Architecture(LA)的中文译名是风景园林学或是景观学存在很大的争议。从LA本身的历史由来及中国的学科发展和语境三方面分析二者之间的关系和区别,给出了LA的中文译名两个层面的内涵解释。

Architectural Idea of "Panoramic View" and "Ecological" Landscaping Consciousness in Yanshan Garden

WANG Shi-zhen,the scholar in Ming Dynasty,has been studied by followers of many generations.His remarkable achievements in literature,history,painting and even opera have been much learnt,but his contributions to gardening have been rarely mentioned.Thus Yanshan Garden as the material carrier of WANG's gardening achievements is worthy of further study.Yanshan Garden is the representative of private gardens owned by scholars and officials in Ming Dynasty,enjoying the fame of "City Forest".Either from garden construction,including natural landscapes,architectural landscapes as well as animal and plant landscapes,or from gardening thoughts and theories,Yanshan Garden has its own outstanding and particular features.Through reviewing On Yanshan Garden,this study elaborated the architectural idea of "panoramic view" and "ecological" landscaping consciousness in Yanshan Garden,which supplemented the blank page in this field and provided support for future studies.

Effect of Change of Natural Aesthetic View on Formation of Chinese Traditional Garden Style

The paper had studied the source of natural aesthetic view,discussed the great significance of world view of "unity between heaven and human",concluded the complement and deepening of "unity between heaven and human" by different schools,and proposed that artistic beauty was the distinctive feature of Chinese traditional garden.From the perspective of historical development,it had made a general survey of the change of Chinese traditional natural aesthetic view,analyzed main content and characteristics of it at the generating stage,forming stage and development stage,and emphasized that characteristics of each stage formed on the basis of natural aesthetic consciousness of last stage.Based on this,by combining the development of traditional gardens,effect of change of natural aesthetic view on gardens had been analyzed,and correspondingly,development of gardens had been divided into three stages which were forming stage,emergence of natural landscape garden and emergence of artistic landscape garden.It highlighted the great significance of natural aesthetic view in gardens,and inspired that Chinese modern landscape garden and landscape design should be based on natural aesthetic view,combine with change of modern citizens' aesthetic view,and then carry forward Chinese traditional natural aesthetic view.

Enlightenments of “White Space” in Traditional Chinese Painting on Landscape Architecture Design

By analyzing different expressions of "white space" in classical and modern Chinese gardens, the authors proposed that "white space" theory has infiltrated in graphic and spatial designs and has been widely applied in spatial layouts of gardens. On the basis of elaborating conceptual origin, characteristics and its connotations in the creation of artistic ambience, "white space" was believed valuable and enlightening for the artistic creation of modern landscape architecture.

Application of Garden Design Style in Tang Dynasty to the Design of Modern City Public Gardens: A Case Study of Tang Paradise

Public garden, as a type of Chinese classical garden, is an important historical heritage and cultural landscape of the current traditional city. However, under the background of modern urbanization, urban living environment is out of the traditional history and culture and facing such issue as cement jungle. In order to improve the living environment and make the city coordinate with the natural environment, the development of modern urban gardens needs inheritance and development of traditional garden practices. The planning and design methods with scientific guidance were studied in this paper through exploring the application of garden design style in Tang Dynasty in the design of modern city public gardens, so as to inherit the classical garden culture and create a city open space that meets the needs of contemporary citizens as well.

Analysis of Gardening Characteristics and Style Formation of Lingnan Gardens

Lingnan gardens,as one of the three major schools of Chinese classical gardens,have distinct local characteristics and pursue the unity of practicality and artistry.They began to develop during the Qin and Han dynasties,gradually formed their own unique characteristics during the Song and Yuan dynasties,became mature and were extricated from the influence of southern gardens and northern gardens during the Ming and Qing dynasties.In this paper,from the macro and micro levels,as well as natural,social and humanistic perspectives,the style formation of Lingnan gardens was studied.