WHO strategy on traditional medicine is based on security and quality of phytomedicine. Commonly adulterated affecting mostly metabolic and sexual dysfunction drugs. Control quality of those phytomedicines requires de...WHO strategy on traditional medicine is based on security and quality of phytomedicine. Commonly adulterated affecting mostly metabolic and sexual dysfunction drugs. Control quality of those phytomedicines requires development of strategy and techniques applicable to them. Among the techniques, Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography is the most used and has been developed in these studies to assess a protocol to characterize Gardenia aqualla leaves extract. The method consists in determining chromatographic conditions using organic and pH gradient models based on water and acetonitrile combined with pH modifiers made up of formic acid (AF) and ammonium hydroxide (NH<sub>3</sub>). Results show that extracts contain mainly acidic compounds quickly eluted by NH<sub>3</sub> and more retained by AF. Optimal pH range for separation is 3 - 7 corresponding to 1.59 mM of NH<sub>3</sub> and 6.55 mM of AF. In these conditions, elution of many polar compounds could be effective using a C18 based-deactivated column in a short period of time.展开更多
Objective It is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae. Methods The key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructu...Objective It is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae. Methods The key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae were optimized by employing an orthogonal experiment [L9(3)4], including the ratio of buffer solution (Na2B4O7· 10H2O) to raw material, concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in extracting solution, extraction time and pH of buffer solution. An UV/Vis detector was used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted flavonid with the using of the standard sample. Results The maximum extraction yield of the crude extract was 5.0533 (mg/g) after 20 min when the mass ratio of Na2B4O7 · 10H2O to raw material was 0.4%, the concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in the extraction solution was 1/12 (g/mL), and pH of buffer solution was 4.5. The positive reactions to the Molish and HCI-Mg tests suggested that the extracted compound was flavonoid, and FTIR measurements also identified the presence of flavonoid in the extracts. Conclusion This work is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of Fructus gardenia in flavonid extraction.展开更多
A new iridoid glycoside, 6'-O-sinapoylgeniposide, was isolated from Gardeniajasminoides Ellis and its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS techniques.
AIM:To investigate the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of Gardenia jasminoides in liver fibrosis.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent common bile duct ligation(BDL) for 14 d and were treated with Gardenia jasminoide...AIM:To investigate the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of Gardenia jasminoides in liver fibrosis.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent common bile duct ligation(BDL) for 14 d and were treated with Gardenia jasminoides by gavage.The ef-fects of Gardenia jasminoides on liver fibrosis and the detailed molecular mechanisms were also assessed in human hepatic stellate cells(LX-2) in vitro.RESULTS:Treatment with Gardenia jasminoides decreased serum alanine aminotransferase(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,146.6 ± 15 U/L vs 77 ± 6.5 U/L,P = 0.0007) and aspartate aminotransferase(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,188 ± 35.2 U/L vs 128 ± 19 U/L,P = 0.005) as well as hydroxyproline(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,438 ± 40.2 μg/g vs 228 ± 10.3 μg/g liver tissue,P = 0.004) after BDL.Furthermore,Gardenia jasminoides significantly reduced liver mRNA and/or protein expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),collagen type?Ⅰ?(Col?Ⅰ) and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Gardenia jasminoides significantly suppressed the upregulation of TGF-β1,Col?Ⅰand α-SMA in LX-2 exposed to recombinant TGF-β1.Moreover,Gardenia jasminoides inhibited TGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in LX-2 cells.CONCLUSION:Gardenia jasminoides exerts antifibrotic effects in the liver fibrosis and may represent a novel antifibrotic agent.展开更多
Gardeniae Fructus(GF)and Semen Sojae Praeparatum(SSP)are both medicine food homologies and widely used in Chinese clinical prescriptions together.The research investigated the pharmacokinetics of four iridoids in norm...Gardeniae Fructus(GF)and Semen Sojae Praeparatum(SSP)are both medicine food homologies and widely used in Chinese clinical prescriptions together.The research investigated the pharmacokinetics of four iridoids in normal rats and isolfavones-fed rats,which were administered with isolfavones from SSP for 7,14,21 and 28 consecutive days.A validated LC-MS/MS method was developed for determining shanzhiside,genipin-1-gentiobioside,geniposide and their metabolite genipin in rat plasma.Plasma samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction using paeoniflorin as the internal standard.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Atlantis T3(4.6 mm×150 mm,3 mm)column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitril and water(containing 0.06%acetic acid).The mass detection was under the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode via polarity switching between negative and positive ionization modes.The calibration curves exhibited good linearity(r>0.997)for all components.The lower limit of quantitation was in the range of 1 e10 ng/m L.The intra-day and inter-day precisions(RSD)at three different levels were both less than 12.2%and the accuracies(RE)ranged fromà10.1%to 16.4%.The extraction recovery of them ranged from 53.8%to 99.7%.Pharmacokinetic results indicated the bioavailability of three iridoid glycosides and the metabolite,genipin in normal rats was higher than that in rats exposed to isoflavones.With the longer time of administration of isoflavones,plasma concentrations of iridoids decreased,while genipin sulfate,the phase II metabolite of genposide and genipin-1-gentiobioside,appeared the rising exposure.The pharmacokinetic profiles of main iridoids from GF were altered by isoflavones.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the response of Gardenia to purple soil drought stress,hoping to provide a reference for the selection of plants for vegetation restoration in purple soil regions.[M...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the response of Gardenia to purple soil drought stress,hoping to provide a reference for the selection of plants for vegetation restoration in purple soil regions.[Methods]The pot-weighing water control method was used to apply different degrees of drought stress to Gardenia seedlings in purple soil,and the effects of drought stress on the electrical conductivity,chlorophyll content,leaf morphology and structure of Gardenia leaves were explored.[Results]The leaf electrical conductivity increased with the increase of drought stress intensity,and the leaf electrical conductivity under severe drought stress increased by 59.93%compared with the control;the chlorophyll content of Gardenia showed a single-peak changing trend that increased and then decreased with the development of drought stress,and it was the highest in each stress stage under severe drought stress;the leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness of Gardenia were reduced with the stress degree increasing,and showed the largest decreases under severe stress;the stomatal length,stomatal width and stomatal opening of Gardenia gradually decreased with the increase of stress,while the stomatal density gradually increased.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical and resource basis for vegetation restoration in purple soil.展开更多
Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice increased levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and decreased level of serum insulin. Effects of Bofutsushosan (BOF: Pulvis ledebouriellae compositae: 防風...Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice increased levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and decreased level of serum insulin. Effects of Bofutsushosan (BOF: Pulvis ledebouriellae compositae: 防風通聖散) and its composed crude drug, gardeniae fructus (GF: 山梔子) were investigated on levels of these diabetic parameters (serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol) in STZ-diabetic mice. BOF and GF were extracted in 10 volumes of distilled water with an automatic extractor “Torobi”. STZ-induced diabetic mice with serum glucose level of over 600 mg/dl at 3 - 4 weeks after intravenous injection of 150 mg/kg STZ were used for experiments. BOF extract, GF extract, geniposide (a main constituent of GF), and glibenclamide were administered intraperitoneally into 3-hour-fasted STZ-diabetic mice. At 6 hours after administration, BOF extract (100 - 300 mg/kg) decreased high levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and also increased low level of serum insulin in STZ-diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (0.3 - 1 mg/kg) as positive control significantly decreased serum glucose and cholesterol levels, and increased serum insulin level in the diabetic mice. GF extract (30 - 300 mg/kg) decreased serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels but did not affect serum insulin level in the diabetic mice. Geniposide (10 - 100 mg/kg), decreased serum glucose level but did not affect serum insulin and triglyceride levels in the diabetic mice. These results demonstrated that intraperitoneally administrated BOF extract improved abnormal levels of serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol in the STZ-diabetic mice as being similar to glibenclamide. GF extract has an important role in a part of improving actions of BOF in the diabetic mice. The action of GF extract on serum glucose was parallel with the action of geniposide in the diabetic mice, supporting roles of geniposide in anti-hyperglycemic action of GF.展开更多
Two medicinal plants,<span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i&g...Two medicinal plants,<span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>agrestis</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were selected</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate their biological activities. Their total phenolic and flavonoid contents</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">were assessed using folin-ciocalteu and aluminum chloride regents’ methods. The antioxidant activity was estimated using DPPH (1,1-diphényl-2-picrylhydrazyl),</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ABTS (</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2,2’-azinobis-[3-ethylenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was determined </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on 42 NMRI mice. The results indicate that all the extracts from both two plants contain some polyphenols. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed the best antioxidant activity by the method of DPPH. The aqueous extracts of the leaves of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the whole plant of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">agrestis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> have a reducing power similar to control (quercetin). All the extracts have a low capacity to scavenge the ABTS radical cation compared to the controls (trolox and quercetin). Concerning the antiplasmodial activity, all the extracts presented moderate antiplamodial activities. This result could justify the traditional uses of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>erubescens</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>agrestis</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to treat of malaria in Burkina Faso.</span></span>展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of different processing methods on the content of chlorogenie acid in Fructus Garden/ae. [ Method] The chromatographic separation was performed on an Inersil ODS-2 ...[ Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of different processing methods on the content of chlorogenie acid in Fructus Garden/ae. [ Method] The chromatographic separation was performed on an Inersil ODS-2 C18 column (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile -0. 1% acetic acid solution ( 12: 88, V/V) as the mobile phase under conditions of tlow rate 1.0 mb/min, detection wavelength 327 ran, column temperature 25℃. [ Result J With a range of 0.42-2.52 μg/i.d, ehlorogenic acid concentration exhibited a good linear relationship with peak area (n =6, R =0. 999 9). The average recovery rate was 100. 83%, RSD was 1.30%. [Conclusion] The established method is eonveniem, rapid and accurate with good repeatability, which can be used to effectively control the quality of different orocessed oroduets of Fructus C.ardeniae.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect of gardenia blue pigment on the anterior capsule staining and its safety performance. Methods: In this study, New Zealand white rabbits were used as the research object to test the eff...Objective: To explore the effect of gardenia blue pigment on the anterior capsule staining and its safety performance. Methods: In this study, New Zealand white rabbits were used as the research object to test the effect of gardenia blue pigment on the anterior capsule staining and anterior segment toxicity. In this study, gardenia blue stains of different concentrations (5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%) were prepared to stain the anterior capsule of rabbit crystals, and the effect of the stain was observed to determine the optimal concentration of the stain. Twenty-seven healthy New Zealand white rabbits without eye disease were randomly divided into three groups: gardenia blue staining group;bio-blue positive drug group;physiological saline group. The intraocular pressure, anterior chamber inflammation, corneal endothelial injury, and anterior chamber angle pathological changes were measured in 1D, 7D, and 14D. Results: The results of this study showed that the effect of gardenia blue pigment on the anterior capsule of the lens was the best when the concentration of blue pigment was 2%. There was no change in intraocular pressure in the anterior chamber for a short period of time. There is no damage to the corneal endothelium. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the effect of gardenia blue pigment on the anterior capsule is best when the concentration of blue pigment is 2%, and the stain has no obvious toxic and side effects on the anterior segment of the eye.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the propagation efficiency of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and improve the quality of plantlets.[Methods]A G.jasminoides cutting experiment was carried out with three diff...[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the propagation efficiency of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and improve the quality of plantlets.[Methods]A G.jasminoides cutting experiment was carried out with three different cuttage modes and two cutting treatment methods,and the rooting time,rooting rate,root amount and plantlet growth were measured and analyzed.[Results]The three-dimensional cutting model of CL1 could not only shorten the nursery cycle and promote root development,but also effectively improve the quality of plantlets and increase the yield of plantlets per unit area.It is an ideal way to improve the quality and efficiency of cutting plantlets.[Conclusions]This study has a positive role in promoting the healthy development of the nursery stock industry.展开更多
In order to protect and develop the local resources of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis with Hunan characteristics,this paper uses the existing technology,analyzes the existing achievements in the cultivation of G.jasminoid...In order to protect and develop the local resources of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis with Hunan characteristics,this paper uses the existing technology,analyzes the existing achievements in the cultivation of G.jasminoides Ellis,investigates and analyzes the actual situation of the seedling base and cooperatives in Hunan,and collects the relevant index data related to the cultivation of G.jasminoides Ellis.This paper summarizes the practical techniques related to land selection,soil preparation,seedling breeding,afforestation technology,tending management,pest control and so on,in order to provide reference basis for planting and cultivateon and industrial development of G.jasminoides Ellis in Hunan.展开更多
The mechanisms of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) for anti-hyperglycemic action were demonstrated in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice. Six hours after single intraperitoneal administration of GF (300 mg/kg) or H2O into 3 hou...The mechanisms of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) for anti-hyperglycemic action were demonstrated in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice. Six hours after single intraperitoneal administration of GF (300 mg/kg) or H2O into 3 hour-fasted STZ-diabetic mice, glucose and insulin tolerances were assessed by intraperitoneal glucose (1.5 g/kg) tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin (0.65 U/kg) tolerance test (IPITT), respectively. Effects of GF on insulin signaling pathways in soleus muscle such as glucose uptake, expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in the plasma membrane and phosphorylation of Akt (P-Akt) in cytosolic fraction were examined in STZ-diabetic mice. In IPGTT test, GF significantly accelerated clearance of exogenous glucose and its glucose-lowering action was greater than H2O-treated controlin STZ-diabetic mice. GF also promoted an exogenous glucose-increased insulin level in STZ-diabetic mice. In IPITT test, GF decreased glucose level to the greater extent than H2O-treated control in STZ-diabetic mice. Furthermore, GF significantly decreased high HOMA-IR in STZ-diabetic mice from 21.6 ± 2.4 to 12.4 ± 1.9 (mg/dl × μU/ml). These results implied that GF improved insulin resistance in STZ-diabetic mice. GF increased glucose uptake of soleus muscle 1.5 times greater than H2O-treated control in STZ-diabetic mice. GF enlarged insulin (10 nmol/ml)-increased glucose uptake to 1.8 time-greater. Correspondingly, GF increased expression of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane of soleus muscle to 1.4 time-greater, and P-Akt in the cytosolic fraction of soleus muscle to 1.9 time-greater than those in H2O-treated control. In conclusion, the improvement of GF on insulin resistance is associated with the repair of insulin signaling via P-Akt, GLUT4 and glucose uptake pathway in soleus muscle of STZ-diabetic mice.展开更多
Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a whitegardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda, Md. No card ornote came with it. Calls to the florist were always in vain-it was a*cash purchase. After a wh...Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a whitegardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda, Md. No card ornote came with it. Calls to the florist were always in vain-it was a*cash purchase. After a while I stopped trying to discover thesender’s identity and just delighted in the beauty and *heady per-fume of that one magical, perfect white flower nestled in soft pinktissue paper. But I never stopped imagining who the展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice.METHODS: C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups.(1) Normal saline-treated group,(2)...AIM: To investigate the effect of Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice.METHODS: C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups.(1) Normal saline-treated group,(2) treatment with GJ at a dose of 0.1 g/kg,(3) treatment with GJ at a dose of 1 g/kg.GJ was administered orally (n = 6 per group) for 1 wk.Three hours later,the mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (50 μg/kg),a stable cholecystokinin (CCK) analogue,every hour for a total of 6 h as described previously.The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after completion of cerulein injections.Blood samples were obtained to determine serum amylase,lipase and cytokine levels.The pancreas was rapidly removed for morphologic examination and scoring.A portion of pancreas was stored at -70℃ and prepared for the measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity,an indicator of neutrophil sequestration,and for reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR measurements.RESULTS: Treatment with GJ decreased significantly the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury.Treatment with GJ attenuated the severity of AP compared with saline-treated mice,as shown by reduction in pancreatic edema,neutrophil infiltration,serum amylase and lipase levels,serum cytokine levels,and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of AP as well as pancreatitis-associated lung injury.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the structure and properties of gardenia, the gardenia was extracted in neutral bath. The mordant dyeing of cotton, including pre-mordant, one-bath and post-mordant were studied, and the dyein...Based on the analysis of the structure and properties of gardenia, the gardenia was extracted in neutral bath. The mordant dyeing of cotton, including pre-mordant, one-bath and post-mordant were studied, and the dyeing properties such as dye K/S value and color fastness were investigated. According to the structure and property of mordants including alum, copper sulfate, iron sulfate and rare earth, the interaction mechanisms among gardenia, mordant and cotton fibers were analyzed and the processing factors affecting the mordant dyeing were discussed. As a result, gardenia showed favorable dyeing performance on cotton. The soaping color fastness and crocking fastness were improved by 0.5-1 grade after fixation process with the selected dye-fixing agent and optimized process conditions. The dyeing process and fixation process were optimized.展开更多
To observe the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) so as to explore the mechanism of its antiviral activity, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as th...To observe the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) so as to explore the mechanism of its antiviral activity, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the fluorescent probe to label viruses and heparin sodium was used as control. Meanwhile , the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity on the surface of Hep-2 cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that adsorption of HSV-1 on the surface of Hep-2 cells exhibited the character of saturation and specificity and heparin sodium could prevent attachment of viruses on these cells. These results are in accord with those reported previously. It was also proved that the manner of drug-use prior to adsorption or simultaneous use of drug and adsorption was better than adsorption prior to drug-use, and the inhibition rates of the former and latter manner were 84. 76% and 82.92% respectively. Three manners of drug-use with Gardenia extract ZG were all effective to reduce the adsorption quantity of viruses, especially the manner of simultaneous use of drug and adsorption with an adsorption inhibition rate of 68.46% . From the above observation, it is apparent that the mechanism of anti-viral activity of Gardenia extract ZG may be via several steps involved in the HSV-1 adsorption.展开更多
文摘WHO strategy on traditional medicine is based on security and quality of phytomedicine. Commonly adulterated affecting mostly metabolic and sexual dysfunction drugs. Control quality of those phytomedicines requires development of strategy and techniques applicable to them. Among the techniques, Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography is the most used and has been developed in these studies to assess a protocol to characterize Gardenia aqualla leaves extract. The method consists in determining chromatographic conditions using organic and pH gradient models based on water and acetonitrile combined with pH modifiers made up of formic acid (AF) and ammonium hydroxide (NH<sub>3</sub>). Results show that extracts contain mainly acidic compounds quickly eluted by NH<sub>3</sub> and more retained by AF. Optimal pH range for separation is 3 - 7 corresponding to 1.59 mM of NH<sub>3</sub> and 6.55 mM of AF. In these conditions, elution of many polar compounds could be effective using a C18 based-deactivated column in a short period of time.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21067004)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(22020)
文摘Objective It is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae. Methods The key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae were optimized by employing an orthogonal experiment [L9(3)4], including the ratio of buffer solution (Na2B4O7· 10H2O) to raw material, concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in extracting solution, extraction time and pH of buffer solution. An UV/Vis detector was used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted flavonid with the using of the standard sample. Results The maximum extraction yield of the crude extract was 5.0533 (mg/g) after 20 min when the mass ratio of Na2B4O7 · 10H2O to raw material was 0.4%, the concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in the extraction solution was 1/12 (g/mL), and pH of buffer solution was 4.5. The positive reactions to the Molish and HCI-Mg tests suggested that the extracted compound was flavonoid, and FTIR measurements also identified the presence of flavonoid in the extracts. Conclusion This work is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of Fructus gardenia in flavonid extraction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30600805)supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-06-0497).
文摘A new iridoid glycoside, 6'-O-sinapoylgeniposide, was isolated from Gardeniajasminoides Ellis and its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS techniques.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81170450 to Lu MQ and No.81200308 to Lan TThe PhD Start-up Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China,No.S2012040008026The New Star of Science and Technology Foundation of Zhu Jiang in Guangzhou City
文摘AIM:To investigate the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of Gardenia jasminoides in liver fibrosis.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent common bile duct ligation(BDL) for 14 d and were treated with Gardenia jasminoides by gavage.The ef-fects of Gardenia jasminoides on liver fibrosis and the detailed molecular mechanisms were also assessed in human hepatic stellate cells(LX-2) in vitro.RESULTS:Treatment with Gardenia jasminoides decreased serum alanine aminotransferase(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,146.6 ± 15 U/L vs 77 ± 6.5 U/L,P = 0.0007) and aspartate aminotransferase(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,188 ± 35.2 U/L vs 128 ± 19 U/L,P = 0.005) as well as hydroxyproline(BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides,438 ± 40.2 μg/g vs 228 ± 10.3 μg/g liver tissue,P = 0.004) after BDL.Furthermore,Gardenia jasminoides significantly reduced liver mRNA and/or protein expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),collagen type?Ⅰ?(Col?Ⅰ) and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Gardenia jasminoides significantly suppressed the upregulation of TGF-β1,Col?Ⅰand α-SMA in LX-2 exposed to recombinant TGF-β1.Moreover,Gardenia jasminoides inhibited TGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in LX-2 cells.CONCLUSION:Gardenia jasminoides exerts antifibrotic effects in the liver fibrosis and may represent a novel antifibrotic agent.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 81573584,81773862)。
文摘Gardeniae Fructus(GF)and Semen Sojae Praeparatum(SSP)are both medicine food homologies and widely used in Chinese clinical prescriptions together.The research investigated the pharmacokinetics of four iridoids in normal rats and isolfavones-fed rats,which were administered with isolfavones from SSP for 7,14,21 and 28 consecutive days.A validated LC-MS/MS method was developed for determining shanzhiside,genipin-1-gentiobioside,geniposide and their metabolite genipin in rat plasma.Plasma samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction using paeoniflorin as the internal standard.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Atlantis T3(4.6 mm×150 mm,3 mm)column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitril and water(containing 0.06%acetic acid).The mass detection was under the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode via polarity switching between negative and positive ionization modes.The calibration curves exhibited good linearity(r>0.997)for all components.The lower limit of quantitation was in the range of 1 e10 ng/m L.The intra-day and inter-day precisions(RSD)at three different levels were both less than 12.2%and the accuracies(RE)ranged fromà10.1%to 16.4%.The extraction recovery of them ranged from 53.8%to 99.7%.Pharmacokinetic results indicated the bioavailability of three iridoid glycosides and the metabolite,genipin in normal rats was higher than that in rats exposed to isoflavones.With the longer time of administration of isoflavones,plasma concentrations of iridoids decreased,while genipin sulfate,the phase II metabolite of genposide and genipin-1-gentiobioside,appeared the rising exposure.The pharmacokinetic profiles of main iridoids from GF were altered by isoflavones.
基金Hunan Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project(XLK201971)Changsha Science and Technology Program(kq1801028).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the response of Gardenia to purple soil drought stress,hoping to provide a reference for the selection of plants for vegetation restoration in purple soil regions.[Methods]The pot-weighing water control method was used to apply different degrees of drought stress to Gardenia seedlings in purple soil,and the effects of drought stress on the electrical conductivity,chlorophyll content,leaf morphology and structure of Gardenia leaves were explored.[Results]The leaf electrical conductivity increased with the increase of drought stress intensity,and the leaf electrical conductivity under severe drought stress increased by 59.93%compared with the control;the chlorophyll content of Gardenia showed a single-peak changing trend that increased and then decreased with the development of drought stress,and it was the highest in each stress stage under severe drought stress;the leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness of Gardenia were reduced with the stress degree increasing,and showed the largest decreases under severe stress;the stomatal length,stomatal width and stomatal opening of Gardenia gradually decreased with the increase of stress,while the stomatal density gradually increased.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical and resource basis for vegetation restoration in purple soil.
文摘Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice increased levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and decreased level of serum insulin. Effects of Bofutsushosan (BOF: Pulvis ledebouriellae compositae: 防風通聖散) and its composed crude drug, gardeniae fructus (GF: 山梔子) were investigated on levels of these diabetic parameters (serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol) in STZ-diabetic mice. BOF and GF were extracted in 10 volumes of distilled water with an automatic extractor “Torobi”. STZ-induced diabetic mice with serum glucose level of over 600 mg/dl at 3 - 4 weeks after intravenous injection of 150 mg/kg STZ were used for experiments. BOF extract, GF extract, geniposide (a main constituent of GF), and glibenclamide were administered intraperitoneally into 3-hour-fasted STZ-diabetic mice. At 6 hours after administration, BOF extract (100 - 300 mg/kg) decreased high levels of serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, and also increased low level of serum insulin in STZ-diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (0.3 - 1 mg/kg) as positive control significantly decreased serum glucose and cholesterol levels, and increased serum insulin level in the diabetic mice. GF extract (30 - 300 mg/kg) decreased serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels but did not affect serum insulin level in the diabetic mice. Geniposide (10 - 100 mg/kg), decreased serum glucose level but did not affect serum insulin and triglyceride levels in the diabetic mice. These results demonstrated that intraperitoneally administrated BOF extract improved abnormal levels of serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol in the STZ-diabetic mice as being similar to glibenclamide. GF extract has an important role in a part of improving actions of BOF in the diabetic mice. The action of GF extract on serum glucose was parallel with the action of geniposide in the diabetic mice, supporting roles of geniposide in anti-hyperglycemic action of GF.
文摘Two medicinal plants,<span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>agrestis</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were selected</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate their biological activities. Their total phenolic and flavonoid contents</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">were assessed using folin-ciocalteu and aluminum chloride regents’ methods. The antioxidant activity was estimated using DPPH (1,1-diphényl-2-picrylhydrazyl),</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ABTS (</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2,2’-azinobis-[3-ethylenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was determined </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on 42 NMRI mice. The results indicate that all the extracts from both two plants contain some polyphenols. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed the best antioxidant activity by the method of DPPH. The aqueous extracts of the leaves of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erubescens</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the whole plant of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">agrestis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> have a reducing power similar to control (quercetin). All the extracts have a low capacity to scavenge the ABTS radical cation compared to the controls (trolox and quercetin). Concerning the antiplasmodial activity, all the extracts presented moderate antiplamodial activities. This result could justify the traditional uses of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gardenia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>erubescens</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fadogia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>agrestis</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to treat of malaria in Burkina Faso.</span></span>
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of different processing methods on the content of chlorogenie acid in Fructus Garden/ae. [ Method] The chromatographic separation was performed on an Inersil ODS-2 C18 column (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile -0. 1% acetic acid solution ( 12: 88, V/V) as the mobile phase under conditions of tlow rate 1.0 mb/min, detection wavelength 327 ran, column temperature 25℃. [ Result J With a range of 0.42-2.52 μg/i.d, ehlorogenic acid concentration exhibited a good linear relationship with peak area (n =6, R =0. 999 9). The average recovery rate was 100. 83%, RSD was 1.30%. [Conclusion] The established method is eonveniem, rapid and accurate with good repeatability, which can be used to effectively control the quality of different orocessed oroduets of Fructus C.ardeniae.
基金Liaoning Natural Science Foundation:Research on functional dyes for intraocular biofilms(No.20180550004)Shenyang Science and Technology Plan Project:Preparation of Chitosan Bioactive Dressing and Study on Reconstruction of Bulbular Conjunctiva(No.19-112-4-069)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation:A study on the role of a degradable bioactive dressing in the repair of bulbar conjunctiva(No.2019-MS-257)
文摘Objective: To explore the effect of gardenia blue pigment on the anterior capsule staining and its safety performance. Methods: In this study, New Zealand white rabbits were used as the research object to test the effect of gardenia blue pigment on the anterior capsule staining and anterior segment toxicity. In this study, gardenia blue stains of different concentrations (5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%) were prepared to stain the anterior capsule of rabbit crystals, and the effect of the stain was observed to determine the optimal concentration of the stain. Twenty-seven healthy New Zealand white rabbits without eye disease were randomly divided into three groups: gardenia blue staining group;bio-blue positive drug group;physiological saline group. The intraocular pressure, anterior chamber inflammation, corneal endothelial injury, and anterior chamber angle pathological changes were measured in 1D, 7D, and 14D. Results: The results of this study showed that the effect of gardenia blue pigment on the anterior capsule of the lens was the best when the concentration of blue pigment was 2%. There was no change in intraocular pressure in the anterior chamber for a short period of time. There is no damage to the corneal endothelium. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the effect of gardenia blue pigment on the anterior capsule is best when the concentration of blue pigment is 2%, and the stain has no obvious toxic and side effects on the anterior segment of the eye.
基金Supported by Changsha Science and Technology Planning Project (kq1801028)Major Landmark Innovation Demonstration Project (2019XK2002)
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the propagation efficiency of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and improve the quality of plantlets.[Methods]A G.jasminoides cutting experiment was carried out with three different cuttage modes and two cutting treatment methods,and the rooting time,rooting rate,root amount and plantlet growth were measured and analyzed.[Results]The three-dimensional cutting model of CL1 could not only shorten the nursery cycle and promote root development,but also effectively improve the quality of plantlets and increase the yield of plantlets per unit area.It is an ideal way to improve the quality and efficiency of cutting plantlets.[Conclusions]This study has a positive role in promoting the healthy development of the nursery stock industry.
基金Supported by Changsha Science and Technology Project(kq1801028)Major Landmark Innovation Demonstration Project(2019XK2002).
文摘In order to protect and develop the local resources of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis with Hunan characteristics,this paper uses the existing technology,analyzes the existing achievements in the cultivation of G.jasminoides Ellis,investigates and analyzes the actual situation of the seedling base and cooperatives in Hunan,and collects the relevant index data related to the cultivation of G.jasminoides Ellis.This paper summarizes the practical techniques related to land selection,soil preparation,seedling breeding,afforestation technology,tending management,pest control and so on,in order to provide reference basis for planting and cultivateon and industrial development of G.jasminoides Ellis in Hunan.
文摘The mechanisms of Gardeniae Fructus (GF) for anti-hyperglycemic action were demonstrated in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice. Six hours after single intraperitoneal administration of GF (300 mg/kg) or H2O into 3 hour-fasted STZ-diabetic mice, glucose and insulin tolerances were assessed by intraperitoneal glucose (1.5 g/kg) tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin (0.65 U/kg) tolerance test (IPITT), respectively. Effects of GF on insulin signaling pathways in soleus muscle such as glucose uptake, expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in the plasma membrane and phosphorylation of Akt (P-Akt) in cytosolic fraction were examined in STZ-diabetic mice. In IPGTT test, GF significantly accelerated clearance of exogenous glucose and its glucose-lowering action was greater than H2O-treated controlin STZ-diabetic mice. GF also promoted an exogenous glucose-increased insulin level in STZ-diabetic mice. In IPITT test, GF decreased glucose level to the greater extent than H2O-treated control in STZ-diabetic mice. Furthermore, GF significantly decreased high HOMA-IR in STZ-diabetic mice from 21.6 ± 2.4 to 12.4 ± 1.9 (mg/dl × μU/ml). These results implied that GF improved insulin resistance in STZ-diabetic mice. GF increased glucose uptake of soleus muscle 1.5 times greater than H2O-treated control in STZ-diabetic mice. GF enlarged insulin (10 nmol/ml)-increased glucose uptake to 1.8 time-greater. Correspondingly, GF increased expression of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane of soleus muscle to 1.4 time-greater, and P-Akt in the cytosolic fraction of soleus muscle to 1.9 time-greater than those in H2O-treated control. In conclusion, the improvement of GF on insulin resistance is associated with the repair of insulin signaling via P-Akt, GLUT4 and glucose uptake pathway in soleus muscle of STZ-diabetic mice.
文摘Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a whitegardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda, Md. No card ornote came with it. Calls to the florist were always in vain-it was a*cash purchase. After a while I stopped trying to discover thesender’s identity and just delighted in the beauty and *heady per-fume of that one magical, perfect white flower nestled in soft pinktissue paper. But I never stopped imagining who the
基金The Ministry of Science & Technology (MoST)/Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the Vestibulocochlear Research Center (VCRC) at Wonkwang University (R13-2002-055-00000-0)
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice.METHODS: C57BL/6 mice weighing 18-20 g were divided into three groups.(1) Normal saline-treated group,(2) treatment with GJ at a dose of 0.1 g/kg,(3) treatment with GJ at a dose of 1 g/kg.GJ was administered orally (n = 6 per group) for 1 wk.Three hours later,the mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (50 μg/kg),a stable cholecystokinin (CCK) analogue,every hour for a total of 6 h as described previously.The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after completion of cerulein injections.Blood samples were obtained to determine serum amylase,lipase and cytokine levels.The pancreas was rapidly removed for morphologic examination and scoring.A portion of pancreas was stored at -70℃ and prepared for the measurement of tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity,an indicator of neutrophil sequestration,and for reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR measurements.RESULTS: Treatment with GJ decreased significantly the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury.Treatment with GJ attenuated the severity of AP compared with saline-treated mice,as shown by reduction in pancreatic edema,neutrophil infiltration,serum amylase and lipase levels,serum cytokine levels,and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of AP as well as pancreatitis-associated lung injury.
文摘Based on the analysis of the structure and properties of gardenia, the gardenia was extracted in neutral bath. The mordant dyeing of cotton, including pre-mordant, one-bath and post-mordant were studied, and the dyeing properties such as dye K/S value and color fastness were investigated. According to the structure and property of mordants including alum, copper sulfate, iron sulfate and rare earth, the interaction mechanisms among gardenia, mordant and cotton fibers were analyzed and the processing factors affecting the mordant dyeing were discussed. As a result, gardenia showed favorable dyeing performance on cotton. The soaping color fastness and crocking fastness were improved by 0.5-1 grade after fixation process with the selected dye-fixing agent and optimized process conditions. The dyeing process and fixation process were optimized.
基金This subject was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 30371754).
文摘To observe the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) so as to explore the mechanism of its antiviral activity, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the fluorescent probe to label viruses and heparin sodium was used as control. Meanwhile , the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity on the surface of Hep-2 cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that adsorption of HSV-1 on the surface of Hep-2 cells exhibited the character of saturation and specificity and heparin sodium could prevent attachment of viruses on these cells. These results are in accord with those reported previously. It was also proved that the manner of drug-use prior to adsorption or simultaneous use of drug and adsorption was better than adsorption prior to drug-use, and the inhibition rates of the former and latter manner were 84. 76% and 82.92% respectively. Three manners of drug-use with Gardenia extract ZG were all effective to reduce the adsorption quantity of viruses, especially the manner of simultaneous use of drug and adsorption with an adsorption inhibition rate of 68.46% . From the above observation, it is apparent that the mechanism of anti-viral activity of Gardenia extract ZG may be via several steps involved in the HSV-1 adsorption.