China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC),the country’s biggest offshore oil and gas producer,reported strong revenue growth for the third quarter mainly due to rising prices for crude oil and natural gas.The un...China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC),the country’s biggest offshore oil and gas producer,reported strong revenue growth for the third quarter mainly due to rising prices for crude oil and natural gas.The unaudited revenue from oil and gas sales in the third quarter rose16.9 percent to about 35.94 billion yuan($5.42 billion),the company said in a report.Average price of crude oil展开更多
Urban natural gas is becoming the main sector driving China’s natural gas consumption growth in recent years.This study explores the impacts of urban natural gas price,wage,socioeconomic determinants,and meteorologic...Urban natural gas is becoming the main sector driving China’s natural gas consumption growth in recent years.This study explores the impacts of urban natural gas price,wage,socioeconomic determinants,and meteorological conditions on urban natural gas demand in China over 2006-2017.Furthermore,this study also analyzes the potential regional heterogeneity and asymmetry in the impacts of gas price and income on China’s urban gas demand.Empirical results reveal that:(1)The increased gas price can significantly reduce the urban gas demand,and the average income level may effectively promote the gas demand,also,a strong switching effect exists between electricity and natural gas in urban China;(2)these impacts are heterogeneous in regions among China,urban natural gas demand is largely affected by the gas price in regions with high-gas-price and by income in regions with low-gas-price;and(3)the impact of gas price on urban gas consumption is consistent in regions with different urban natural gas consumption,while the impact of income is asymmetric.This study further provides several policy implications for improving the urban natural gas industry in China.展开更多
Deepwater oil and gas projects embody high risks from geology and engineering aspects, which exert substantial influence on project valuation. But the uncer- tainties may be converted to additional value to the projec...Deepwater oil and gas projects embody high risks from geology and engineering aspects, which exert substantial influence on project valuation. But the uncer- tainties may be converted to additional value to the projects in the case of flexible management. Given the flexibility of project management, this paper extends the classical real options model to a multi-factor model which contains oil price, geology, and engineering uncertainties. It then gives an application example of the new model to evaluate deepwater oil and gas projects with a numerical analytical method. Compared with other methods and models, this multi-factor real options model contains more project information. It reflects the potential value deriving not only from oil price variation but also from geology and engi- neering uncertainties, which provides more accurate and reliable valuation information for decision makers.展开更多
This paper explores the market structures of natural gas and electricity as well as the interdependence of natural gas prices and bids with increasing reliance on natural gas as the penetration of renewable energy res...This paper explores the market structures of natural gas and electricity as well as the interdependence of natural gas prices and bids with increasing reliance on natural gas as the penetration of renewable energy resources increases in order to complement their intermittencies. In particular, the paper will attempt to answer the following two questions: What could the generation mix look like in 2030 with a renewable-rich generation landscape and how could this impact gas prices? How do gasfired generator(GFG) generation volatility, their prices,and their bids for gas change between 2015 and 2030 with increased penetration of renewables? In order to answer these questions, computational models are derived using forecasting and regression analysis tools and an auction model.展开更多
This paper aims to optimize total energy costs in an operational model of a novel energy hub(EH) in a residential area. The optimization problem is set up based on daily load demand(such as electricity, heat, and cool...This paper aims to optimize total energy costs in an operational model of a novel energy hub(EH) in a residential area. The optimization problem is set up based on daily load demand(such as electricity, heat, and cooling) and time-of-use(TOU) energy prices. The extended EH model considers the involvement of solar photovoltaic(PV) generation, solar heat exchanger(SHE), and a battery energy storage system(BESS). A mathematical model is constructed with the objective of optimizing total energy cost during the day, including some constraints such as input-output energy balance of the EH, electricity price,capacity limitation of the system, and charge/discharge power of BESS. Four operational cases based on different EH structures are compared to assess the effect of solar energy applications and BESS on the operational efficiency. The results show that the proposed model predicts significant changes to the characteristics of electricity and gas power bought from utilities, leading to reduced total energy cost compared to other cases. They also indicate that the model is appropriate for the characteristics of residential loads.展开更多
This study proposes an optimized model of a micro-energy network(MEN)that includes electricity and natural gas with integrated solar,wind,and energy storage systems(ESSs).The proposed model is based on energy hubs(EHs...This study proposes an optimized model of a micro-energy network(MEN)that includes electricity and natural gas with integrated solar,wind,and energy storage systems(ESSs).The proposed model is based on energy hubs(EHs)and it aims to minimize operation costs and greenhouse emissions.The research is motivated by the increasing use of renewable energies and ESSs for secure energy supply while reducing operation costs and environment effects.A general algebraic modeling system(GAMS)is used to solve the optimal operation problem in the MEN.The results demonstrate that an optimal MEN formed by multiple EHs can provide appropriate and flexible responses to fluctuations in electricity prices and adjustments between time periods and seasons.It also yields significant reductions in operation costs and emissions.The proposed model can contribute to future research by providing a more efficient network model(as compared with the traditional electricity supply system)to scale down the environmental and economic impacts of electricity storage and supply systems on MEN operation.展开更多
Traditional centralized token exchange(CEX)has been suffering from hacking due to the centralized management of users’tokens.In contrast,decentralized token exchange(DEX)maintains users’assets by smart contracts in ...Traditional centralized token exchange(CEX)has been suffering from hacking due to the centralized management of users’tokens.In contrast,decentralized token exchange(DEX)maintains users’assets by smart contracts in a decentralized manner,but introduces additional overhead in terms of gas fee and transaction confirmation latency.Hybrid decentralized token exchange(HEX)has been proposed to combine the benefits of CEX and DEX.However,existing HEX is criticized for two issues.First,trading transactions are time-consuming and expensive for frequent token traders.Second,excessive simultaneous transactions might cause the pending transaction congestion in the Ethereum network.In this paper,we propose a payment channel based HEX,which extends existing solutions by adding a new payment channel layer to benefit frequent traders and alleviate the pending transaction congestion.Besides,we propose the very first gas-price vs.transactionconfirmation-latency function to guide Ethereum transaction issuers to choose an optimal gas price that minimizes the overall cost.Extensive simulations are conducted to compare the cost in the proposed HEX with that in the conventional HEX.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed mechanism in terms of reducing gas fees and transaction confirmation latency for frequent traders as well as the pending transaction congestion in Ethereum.展开更多
文摘China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC),the country’s biggest offshore oil and gas producer,reported strong revenue growth for the third quarter mainly due to rising prices for crude oil and natural gas.The unaudited revenue from oil and gas sales in the third quarter rose16.9 percent to about 35.94 billion yuan($5.42 billion),the company said in a report.Average price of crude oil
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20VGQ003)。
文摘Urban natural gas is becoming the main sector driving China’s natural gas consumption growth in recent years.This study explores the impacts of urban natural gas price,wage,socioeconomic determinants,and meteorological conditions on urban natural gas demand in China over 2006-2017.Furthermore,this study also analyzes the potential regional heterogeneity and asymmetry in the impacts of gas price and income on China’s urban gas demand.Empirical results reveal that:(1)The increased gas price can significantly reduce the urban gas demand,and the average income level may effectively promote the gas demand,also,a strong switching effect exists between electricity and natural gas in urban China;(2)these impacts are heterogeneous in regions among China,urban natural gas demand is largely affected by the gas price in regions with high-gas-price and by income in regions with low-gas-price;and(3)the impact of gas price on urban gas consumption is consistent in regions with different urban natural gas consumption,while the impact of income is asymmetric.This study further provides several policy implications for improving the urban natural gas industry in China.
基金supported from the National Science and Technology Major Project under Grant No.2011ZX05030
文摘Deepwater oil and gas projects embody high risks from geology and engineering aspects, which exert substantial influence on project valuation. But the uncer- tainties may be converted to additional value to the projects in the case of flexible management. Given the flexibility of project management, this paper extends the classical real options model to a multi-factor model which contains oil price, geology, and engineering uncertainties. It then gives an application example of the new model to evaluate deepwater oil and gas projects with a numerical analytical method. Compared with other methods and models, this multi-factor real options model contains more project information. It reflects the potential value deriving not only from oil price variation but also from geology and engi- neering uncertainties, which provides more accurate and reliable valuation information for decision makers.
基金supported by National Science Foundation(NSF)initiative Award(No.EFRI-1441301)
文摘This paper explores the market structures of natural gas and electricity as well as the interdependence of natural gas prices and bids with increasing reliance on natural gas as the penetration of renewable energy resources increases in order to complement their intermittencies. In particular, the paper will attempt to answer the following two questions: What could the generation mix look like in 2030 with a renewable-rich generation landscape and how could this impact gas prices? How do gasfired generator(GFG) generation volatility, their prices,and their bids for gas change between 2015 and 2030 with increased penetration of renewables? In order to answer these questions, computational models are derived using forecasting and regression analysis tools and an auction model.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51377060)
文摘This paper aims to optimize total energy costs in an operational model of a novel energy hub(EH) in a residential area. The optimization problem is set up based on daily load demand(such as electricity, heat, and cooling) and time-of-use(TOU) energy prices. The extended EH model considers the involvement of solar photovoltaic(PV) generation, solar heat exchanger(SHE), and a battery energy storage system(BESS). A mathematical model is constructed with the objective of optimizing total energy cost during the day, including some constraints such as input-output energy balance of the EH, electricity price,capacity limitation of the system, and charge/discharge power of BESS. Four operational cases based on different EH structures are compared to assess the effect of solar energy applications and BESS on the operational efficiency. The results show that the proposed model predicts significant changes to the characteristics of electricity and gas power bought from utilities, leading to reduced total energy cost compared to other cases. They also indicate that the model is appropriate for the characteristics of residential loads.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51777077)Thai Nguyen University of Technology(TNUT),Thai Nguyen,Vietnam.
文摘This study proposes an optimized model of a micro-energy network(MEN)that includes electricity and natural gas with integrated solar,wind,and energy storage systems(ESSs).The proposed model is based on energy hubs(EHs)and it aims to minimize operation costs and greenhouse emissions.The research is motivated by the increasing use of renewable energies and ESSs for secure energy supply while reducing operation costs and environment effects.A general algebraic modeling system(GAMS)is used to solve the optimal operation problem in the MEN.The results demonstrate that an optimal MEN formed by multiple EHs can provide appropriate and flexible responses to fluctuations in electricity prices and adjustments between time periods and seasons.It also yields significant reductions in operation costs and emissions.The proposed model can contribute to future research by providing a more efficient network model(as compared with the traditional electricity supply system)to scale down the environmental and economic impacts of electricity storage and supply systems on MEN operation.
基金supported by Blockchain@UBC,Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(RGPIN-2019-06348)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.61902333)Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society(AIRS).
文摘Traditional centralized token exchange(CEX)has been suffering from hacking due to the centralized management of users’tokens.In contrast,decentralized token exchange(DEX)maintains users’assets by smart contracts in a decentralized manner,but introduces additional overhead in terms of gas fee and transaction confirmation latency.Hybrid decentralized token exchange(HEX)has been proposed to combine the benefits of CEX and DEX.However,existing HEX is criticized for two issues.First,trading transactions are time-consuming and expensive for frequent token traders.Second,excessive simultaneous transactions might cause the pending transaction congestion in the Ethereum network.In this paper,we propose a payment channel based HEX,which extends existing solutions by adding a new payment channel layer to benefit frequent traders and alleviate the pending transaction congestion.Besides,we propose the very first gas-price vs.transactionconfirmation-latency function to guide Ethereum transaction issuers to choose an optimal gas price that minimizes the overall cost.Extensive simulations are conducted to compare the cost in the proposed HEX with that in the conventional HEX.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed mechanism in terms of reducing gas fees and transaction confirmation latency for frequent traders as well as the pending transaction congestion in Ethereum.