This study aims to explore the analgesic ingredients and mechanism of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil(CCEO).The constituents in CCEO were characterized qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Targets r...This study aims to explore the analgesic ingredients and mechanism of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil(CCEO).The constituents in CCEO were characterized qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Targets related to active ingredients were collected by PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction.Targets related to pain were screened by TTD and OMIM database,and compound-target network was established by Cytoscape software.Gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of targets were carried out by DAVID database.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was established and analyzed by STRING database.Molecular docking method was used to verify the interaction between main components and relevant core targets.A total of 13 compounds were identified in CCEO,and 58 related targets were predicted.GO function enrichment analysis revealed that the selected targets were mainly involved in biological processes such as chemical synaptic transmission and molecular function such as neurotransmitter receptor activity;24 signal pathways were screened by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and calcium signaling pathway.Docking results showed that the main constituents had certain affinities with the key targets.The active ingredients in CCEO regulated multiple signaling pathways to ameliorate pain through AR,ACHE,ESR1,GABRG2,PTGS2 and PPARγ.展开更多
A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four kinds of estrogens (hexoestrol, diethylstilbestrol, estrone, and 17-beta-estradiol) in feed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After ...A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four kinds of estrogens (hexoestrol, diethylstilbestrol, estrone, and 17-beta-estradiol) in feed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After the sample was extracted by ethyl ether and cleaned-up on HLB phase extraction column, four kinds of estrogens were derived and quantified in gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The results showed that the linear detectable ranged from 2.5 ng· mL-1 to 250 ng· mL-1for hexoestrol and from 5 ng· mL-1 to 500 ng· mL-1 for three other estrogens with the correlation coefficients (R2) were no less than 0.990. The recoveries were in the range of 76.34%-96.33% and the relative standard deviation was no more than 22.7%. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for all analytics were between 10 ug· kg^-1 and 20 ug· kg^-1. The method was accurate and sensitive and could meet the actual requirements for the analyses of feed samples.展开更多
A comparison of the volatile compounds in Rhizomes Curcumae (Ezhu) and Radix Curcumae (Yujin) was undertaken using gas chromatography mass spectrometi-y (GC-MS). Ultrasonic extraction and GC-MS methods were deve...A comparison of the volatile compounds in Rhizomes Curcumae (Ezhu) and Radix Curcumae (Yujin) was undertaken using gas chromatography mass spectrometi-y (GC-MS). Ultrasonic extraction and GC-MS methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes, namely, α-pinene, β-elemene, curcumol, germacrone and curdione, in Ezhu and Yunjin. Good linearity (r〉0.999) and high inter-day precision were observed over the investigated concentration ranges. The validated method was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes in Ezhu and Yujin. The quantitative method can be effectively used to evaluate and monitor the quality of Chinese curcuma in clinical use.展开更多
Volatile components from Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum were respectively extracted by three methods including hydrodistillation, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and diethyl ether extraction. A total o...Volatile components from Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum were respectively extracted by three methods including hydrodistillation, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and diethyl ether extraction. A total of 40 (hydrodistillation), 32 (HS-SPME) and 37 (diethyl ether extraction) compounds were respectively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 22 compounds were overlapped, including β-farnesene, 7-muurolene, 2,6-dimethyl-6- (4-methyl-3-pentenyl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, eucalyptol and cadina-1(10), 4-diene and so forth, varying in relative contents. HS-SPME is fast, sample saving and solvent-free and it also can achieve similar profiles as those from hydrodistillation and solvent extraction. Therefore, it can be the priority for extracting volatile components from medicinal plants.展开更多
The ultrasonic nebulization extraction(UNE) was developed and applied to the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine Xiaoyao Pills. Several parameters of ultrasonic nebulization ex...The ultrasonic nebulization extraction(UNE) was developed and applied to the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine Xiaoyao Pills. Several parameters of ultrasonic nebulization extraction including the sample particle size, solvent volume, extraction time and ultrasonic power were studied and selected. As a result, 2.4 g of sample with particle size of 80 mesh was extracted with 15 mL of n-hexane for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 35 W. The volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) under the optimal conditions and 57 compounds were identified. The precision, repeatability and stability of the proposed method were also studied. Compared with ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE) and hydrodistillation(HD) extraction, the proposed method is more efficient, faster and easier to be operated at room temperature with smaller sample and energy consumption. It is suggested that the ultrasonic nebulization extraction can be used as a novel alternative method for the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine.展开更多
In the first article of this series, we presented some evidence of hyperforin as an antibiotic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory substance. In the present article, evidence of the permeabilit...In the first article of this series, we presented some evidence of hyperforin as an antibiotic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory substance. In the present article, evidence of the permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) to hyperforin and its distribution in other organs of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) are revealed. Seven-month-old male boars with a body mass of 100 kg were fed a diet containing hyperforin. Organs were surgically removed under anesthesia. Organs were suitable prepared and extracted, and then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams (GC-MS with SMB). The presence of hyperforin was recorded in all organs and body fluids. Special attention was paid to the evaluation of the presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals. The presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals was established by GC-MS with SMB. The results are of interest because penicillin and numerous other antibiotics cannot pass through the BTB or BBB if healthy or non-inflamed, which limits their use in patients with meningitis and gonorrhea. The findings are also of interest in cases of penicillin- and multi-antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.展开更多
Nowadays,natural rubber(NR)is an indispensable material for industrial production and peoples’daily utilization.The root of Taraxacum kok-saghyz(TKS)contains a large amount of NR,which is potentially to be an alterna...Nowadays,natural rubber(NR)is an indispensable material for industrial production and peoples’daily utilization.The root of Taraxacum kok-saghyz(TKS)contains a large amount of NR,which is potentially to be an alternative rubber source of conventional Hevea brasiliensis(HB).In order to find a convenient,fast and green method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of NR in TKS,a pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometric(Py-GCMS)method was developed accordingly.The results indicated that the main products of TKS rubber after pyrolysis were isoprene and limonene,respectively,and the limit of detection(LOD)of TKS rubber was 2.603 mg/g.The ratios of NR mass fractions in TKSs by Py-GC-MS ranged from 1.20%±0.20%to 8.61%±0.28%.The developed method has been used for determination of actual TKS samples and can be further applied to the field test for rapid breeding and large-scale cultivation of TKS thereof.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the volatile components in Santalum album Linn and gradually clarify the aroma composition of S.album Linn.[Methods]Solid-phase microextraction method was used to obtain the v...[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the volatile components in Santalum album Linn and gradually clarify the aroma composition of S.album Linn.[Methods]Solid-phase microextraction method was used to obtain the volatile components of S.album Linn.The aroma components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their relative contents were calculated using the area normalization method.[Results]In a dry state at room temperature,39 chemical components were identified from S.album Linn,mainly olefins(91.15%),alkanes(3.00%),alcohols(2.56%),esters(2.19%),ketones(0.55%),aldehydes(0.41%)and heterocyclics(0.14%).[Conclusions]This method has the advantages of low sample consumption,easy operation,rapid identification of aroma components and high sensitivity,and can effectively separate and determine volatile components in S.album Linn,realizing the rapid identification of different S.album Linn varieties and providing technical support for further research on Chinese medicinal materials.展开更多
The ciliate Tetrahymena is a valuable model organism in the studies of ecotoxicology. Changes in intracellular metabolism are caused by exogenous chemicals in the environment. Intracellular metabolite changes signify ...The ciliate Tetrahymena is a valuable model organism in the studies of ecotoxicology. Changes in intracellular metabolism are caused by exogenous chemicals in the environment. Intracellular metabolite changes signify toxic effects and can be monitored by metabolomics analysis. In this work, a protocol for the GC-MS-based metabolomic analysis of Tetrahymena was established. Different extraction solvents showed divergent effects on the metabolomic analysis of Tetrahymena thermophila. The peak intensity of metabolites detected in the samples of extraction solvent Formula 1(F1) was the strongest and stable, while 61 metabolites were identified. Formula 1 showed an excellent extraction performance for carbohydrates. In the samples of extraction solvent Formula 2(F2), 66 metabolites were characterized, and fatty acid metabolites were extracted. Meanwhile, 57 and 58 metabolites were characterized in the extraction with Formula 3(F3) and Formula 4(F4), respectively. However, the peak intensity of the metabolites was low, and the metabolites were unstable. These results indicated that different extraction solvents substantially affected the detected coverage and peak intensity of intracellular metabolites. A total of 74 metabolites(19 amino acids, 11 organic acids, 2 inorganic acids, 11 fatty acids, 11 carbohydrates, 3 glycosides, 4 alcohols, 6 amines, and 7 other compounds) were identified in all experimental groups. Among these metabolites, amino acids, glycerol, myoinositol, and unsaturated fatty acids may become potential biomarkers of metabolite set enrichment analysis for detecting the ability of T. thermophila against environmental stresses.展开更多
A new multi-residue method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with centrifugation was developed for determination and quantitation of 67 pesticides in water samples. Two SPE cartridges were tested: Chromabond C18 a...A new multi-residue method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with centrifugation was developed for determination and quantitation of 67 pesticides in water samples. Two SPE cartridges were tested: Chromabond C18 and Oasis HLB. Parameters that influence the extraction efficiency such as the eluent volume, the sample loading volume, the addition of organic solvent to water sample, sorbent drying and elute concentration were optimized. The innovation of this work was the examination of the use of a centrifugation technique in both the drying and elution steps. When combined with centrifugation, the volume of the elution solvent was reduced to 2 mL and the time for sorbent drying decreased also to 10 min under vacuum. Under the optimized conditions, this method showed good recoveries higher than 65% - 68% for the 67 analyzed pesticides using the C18 and HLB cartridges with relative standard deviations lower than 9.7% - 12.3%. Limits of quantification were between 2 and 20 ng.L–1. The simplicity of the described method, use of less of organic solvent, short procedure time, and good recoveries demonstrate the advantages of this environmentally friendly approach for routine analysis of numerous samples.展开更多
The measurement of 23 organochlorine, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid pesticides in typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), flos lonicerae, was made using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) purification and gas ...The measurement of 23 organochlorine, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid pesticides in typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), flos lonicerae, was made using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) purification and gas chroma- tography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. The pesticides were extracted with ultrasonic device and 5.0 mL mixture of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane (1:1, v/v). Coextractants from sample matrices which may have interfere to the qualitative and quantitative analysis, such as pigments, were removed using GPC purification. Simultaneous full scan and selective ion monitor (scan/SIM) mode for GC-MS was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis, which pro- vided retention time and characteristic fragments ratio for each pesticide so as to positively identify each analyte. Rela- tive standard deviations (RSDs) were within 7.7% (5.0 - 22.5 μg/kg, n = 3). The recoveries of pesticide standards at the spiked concentration of 5.0 - 22.5 μg/kg were between 87.1% and 110.9%. Limits of detection (LODs) for the analytes were 0.16 - 3.2 μg/kg, which could meet the demand of routine analysis and TCM quality control.展开更多
An easy and rapid method is proposed for the determination of PCBs in automotive shredder residues, using gas chromatography combined with low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is based on direct n-hexane solid...An easy and rapid method is proposed for the determination of PCBs in automotive shredder residues, using gas chromatography combined with low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is based on direct n-hexane solid-liquid extraction, subtracting background of the lineal aliphatic hydrocarbon interferences and integration of chromatographic peaks containing selected ion PCBs masses (256, 292 and 326 m/z), which are common in all PCBs formulations. Recoveries were in the 80% - 120% range;PCBs were detected and quantified in shredder samples from an automotive shredder industry, thus indicating the validity of the method.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to purify mutton samples by gel permeation chromatography(GPC).[Methods]Fourteen organophosphorus pesticide residues in samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by ga...[Objectives]This study was conducted to purify mutton samples by gel permeation chromatography(GPC).[Methods]Fourteen organophosphorus pesticide residues in samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)in selective ion scanning mode(SIM).[Results]The organophosphorus pesticide standard solutions showed good linearity in the mass concentration range of 0.1-10.0μg/ml with correlation coefficients(r)not lower than 0.999,and the detection limits(S=3 N)ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg.The average recovery values were in the range of 80.2%-99.7%,with relative standard deviations(RSDs,n=3)in the range of 1.8%-6.3%,at the addition levels of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg.[Conclusions]The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,and can be used for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in mutton.展开更多
BACKGROUND The investigation of plant-based therapeutic agents in medicinal plants has revealed their presence in the extracts and provides the vision to formulate novel techniques for drug therapy.Vitex negundo(V.neg...BACKGROUND The investigation of plant-based therapeutic agents in medicinal plants has revealed their presence in the extracts and provides the vision to formulate novel techniques for drug therapy.Vitex negundo(V.negundo),a perennial herb belonging to the Varbanaceae family,is extensively used in conventional medication.AIM To determine the existence of therapeutic components in leaf and callus extracts from wild V.negundo plants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS).METHODS In this study,we conducted GC-MS on wild plant leaf extracts and correlated the presence of constituents with those in callus extracts.Various growth regulators such as 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP),2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),α-naphthylacetic acid(NAA),and di-phenylurea(DPU)were added to plant leaves and in-vitro callus and grown on MS medium.RESULTS The results clearly indicated that the addition of BAP(2.0 mg/L),2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL),DPU(2.0 mg/L)and 2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL)in MS medium resulted in rapid callus development.The plant profile of Vitex extracts by GC-MS analysis showed that 24,10,and 14 bioactive constituents were detected in the methanolic extract of leaf,green callus and the methanolic extract of white loose callus,respectively.CONCLUSION Octadecadienoic acid,hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester were the major constituents in the leaf and callus methanolic extract.Octadecadienoic acid was the most common constituent in all samples.The maximum concentration of octadecadienoic acid in leaves,green callus and white loose callus was 21.93%,47.79%and 40.38%,respectively.These findings demonstrate that the concentration of octadecadienoic acid doubles in-vitro compared to in-vivo.In addition to octadecadienoic acid;butyric acid,benzene,1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl),dospan,tridecanedialdehyde,methylcyclohexenylbutanol,chlorpyrifos,n-secondary terpene diester,anflunine and other important active compounds were also detected.All these components were only available in callus formed in-vitro.This study showed that the callus contained additional botanical characteristics compared with wild plants.Due to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds,the medical use of Vitex for various diseases has been accepted and the plant is considered an important source of therapeutics for research and development.展开更多
Background Sevoflurane is currently used as a volatile inhalation anesthetic with many clinical advantages. A representative degradation product, compound A, was quantitatively measured to investigate whether there ar...Background Sevoflurane is currently used as a volatile inhalation anesthetic with many clinical advantages. A representative degradation product, compound A, was quantitatively measured to investigate whether there are different reactions between two kinds of water content sevoflurane formulations with different carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbents.展开更多
Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenari...Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenarios to aid first responders in appropriate site risk assessment and management.Large metropolitan fires can pose great risk to human and environmental health due to the rapid release of hazardous compounds into the atmosphere.Understanding the release of these hazardous organics is critical in understanding their associated risks.Person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was evaluated for its potential to provide rapid on-site analysis for real-time monitoring of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes.Air sampling and analysis methods were developed for scenes of this nature.Controlled field testing demonstrated that the portable GC-MS was able to provide preliminary analytical results on the volatile organic compounds present in air samples collected from both active and extinguished fires.In-field results were confirmed using conventional laboratory-based air sampling and analysis procedures.The deployment of portable instrumentation could provide first responders with a rapid on-site assessment tool for the appropriate management of scenes,thereby ensuring environmental and human health is proactively protected and scientifically informed decisions are made for the provision of timely advice to stakeholders.展开更多
As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospher...As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric amines in both gaseous and particulate phases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The amine samples were collected with and without phosphoric acid filters,followed by derivatization with benzenesulfonyl chloride under alkaline condition prior to GC-MS analysis.Furthermore,the method was optimized and validated for determining 14 standard amines.The detection limits ranged from0.0408-0.421μg/mL(for gaseous samples)and 0.163-1.69μg/mL(for particulate samples),respectively.The obtained recoveries ranged from 68.8%-180%and the relative standard deviation was less than 30%,indicating high precision and good reliability of the method.Seven amines were simultaneously detected in gaseous and particulate samples in an industrial park using the developed method successfully.Methylamine,dimethylamine and diethylamine together accounted for 76.7%and 75.6%of particulate and gaseous samples,respectively.By comparing the measured and predicted values of gas-particle partition fractions,it was found that absorption process of aqueous phase played a more important role in the gas-partition of amines than physical adsorption.Moreover,the reaction between unprotonated amines and acid(aq.)in water phase likely promoted water absorption.Higher measured partition fraction of dibutylamine was likely due to the reaction with gaseous HCl.The developed method would help provide a deeper understanding of gas-particle partitioning as well as atmospheric evolution of amines.展开更多
Objective:To isolate bioactive molecules from marine seaweeds and check the antimicrobial activity against the fish pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Fresh marine seaweeds Gracilaria edulis,Kappaphycus spicifera,Sargassum w...Objective:To isolate bioactive molecules from marine seaweeds and check the antimicrobial activity against the fish pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Fresh marine seaweeds Gracilaria edulis,Kappaphycus spicifera,Sargassum wightii(S.wightii)were collected.Each seaweed was extracted with different solvents.In the study,test pathogens were collected from microbial type culture collection.Antibacterial activity was carried out by using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibition concentration(MIC)was calculated.Best seaweed was analysed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The cured extract was separated by thin layer chromatography(TLC).Fraction was collected from TLC to check the antimicrobial activity.Best fraction was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer(GCMS).Results:Based on the disc diffusion method,S.wightii showed a better antimicrobial activity than other seaweed extracts.Based on the MIC,methanol extract of S.wightii showed lower MIC than other solvents.S.wightii were separated by TLC.In this TLC,plate showed a two fraction.These two fractions were separated in preparative TLC and checked for their antimicrobial activity.Fraction 2 showed best MIC value against the tested pathogen.Fraction 2 was analysed by GCMS.Based on the GCMS,fraction 2 contains n-hexadecanoic acid(59.44%).Conclusions:From this present study,it can be concluded that S.wightii was potential sources of bioactive compounds.展开更多
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of chlorpyrifos in human blood samples.The chlorpyrifos and parathion(internal standard)in human blood were extra...Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of chlorpyrifos in human blood samples.The chlorpyrifos and parathion(internal standard)in human blood were extracted with a mixed solvent of hexane and acetonitrile.Chlorpyrifos was well separated from the internal standard.The linear range of chlorpyrifos was 0.01-2 μg/ml in blood.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated at 0.002 and 0.01μg/ml,respectively.The inter-and intra-day precisions,accuracy,and recovery were assessed to verify this method.The results showed that the developed method is rapid,sensitive,and reliable.It is suitable for the determination of chlorpyrifos in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical diagnosis.展开更多
In order to control drug crime effectively,it is necessary to develop selective analytical methods suitable for unambiguous identification and determination of drugs in illicit samples and biological matrices.A novel ...In order to control drug crime effectively,it is necessary to develop selective analytical methods suitable for unambiguous identification and determination of drugs in illicit samples and biological matrices.A novel microextraction technique based on ultrasound-assisted low-density solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction,(UA-LDS-DLLME)has been applied to the determination of four amphetamines(methamphetamine,amphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)in urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The parameters affecting extraction efficiency have been investigated and optimized.UA-LDS-DLLME used ultrasound energy to assist in the emulsification process without any disperser solvent.Under the optimized conditions,linearity was observed for all analytes in the 0.15-10 p,g/mL range with correlation coefficients(R)ranging from 0.9886 to 0.9894.The recoveries of75.6-91.4%with relative standard deviations of 2.5-4.0%were obtained.The limits of detection(S/N=3)were estimated to be in the 5-10 ng/mL range.The UA-LDS-DLLME technique had the advantages of shorter extraction time,suitability for simultaneous pretreatments of batches of samples,and the higher extraction efficiency.It was successfully applied to the analysis of amphetamines in real human urine samples.展开更多
文摘This study aims to explore the analgesic ingredients and mechanism of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil(CCEO).The constituents in CCEO were characterized qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Targets related to active ingredients were collected by PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction.Targets related to pain were screened by TTD and OMIM database,and compound-target network was established by Cytoscape software.Gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of targets were carried out by DAVID database.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was established and analyzed by STRING database.Molecular docking method was used to verify the interaction between main components and relevant core targets.A total of 13 compounds were identified in CCEO,and 58 related targets were predicted.GO function enrichment analysis revealed that the selected targets were mainly involved in biological processes such as chemical synaptic transmission and molecular function such as neurotransmitter receptor activity;24 signal pathways were screened by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and calcium signaling pathway.Docking results showed that the main constituents had certain affinities with the key targets.The active ingredients in CCEO regulated multiple signaling pathways to ameliorate pain through AR,ACHE,ESR1,GABRG2,PTGS2 and PPARγ.
基金Supported by Fund of Harbin Provincial Education Department(2014AB3BN041)
文摘A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four kinds of estrogens (hexoestrol, diethylstilbestrol, estrone, and 17-beta-estradiol) in feed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After the sample was extracted by ethyl ether and cleaned-up on HLB phase extraction column, four kinds of estrogens were derived and quantified in gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The results showed that the linear detectable ranged from 2.5 ng· mL-1 to 250 ng· mL-1for hexoestrol and from 5 ng· mL-1 to 500 ng· mL-1 for three other estrogens with the correlation coefficients (R2) were no less than 0.990. The recoveries were in the range of 76.34%-96.33% and the relative standard deviation was no more than 22.7%. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for all analytics were between 10 ug· kg^-1 and 20 ug· kg^-1. The method was accurate and sensitive and could meet the actual requirements for the analyses of feed samples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no.30873196)the Project of Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanghai (no.09dZ1975100)
文摘A comparison of the volatile compounds in Rhizomes Curcumae (Ezhu) and Radix Curcumae (Yujin) was undertaken using gas chromatography mass spectrometi-y (GC-MS). Ultrasonic extraction and GC-MS methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes, namely, α-pinene, β-elemene, curcumol, germacrone and curdione, in Ezhu and Yunjin. Good linearity (r〉0.999) and high inter-day precision were observed over the investigated concentration ranges. The validated method was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes in Ezhu and Yujin. The quantitative method can be effectively used to evaluate and monitor the quality of Chinese curcuma in clinical use.
基金supported by the Industry-University-Research Cooperation Program from Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province (No:2010B090400533)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Program of China (No:2009DFA31230)
文摘Volatile components from Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum were respectively extracted by three methods including hydrodistillation, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and diethyl ether extraction. A total of 40 (hydrodistillation), 32 (HS-SPME) and 37 (diethyl ether extraction) compounds were respectively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 22 compounds were overlapped, including β-farnesene, 7-muurolene, 2,6-dimethyl-6- (4-methyl-3-pentenyl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, eucalyptol and cadina-1(10), 4-diene and so forth, varying in relative contents. HS-SPME is fast, sample saving and solvent-free and it also can achieve similar profiles as those from hydrodistillation and solvent extraction. Therefore, it can be the priority for extracting volatile components from medicinal plants.
基金Supported by the Basic Research Foundation from Jilin University China(No.200903131)
文摘The ultrasonic nebulization extraction(UNE) was developed and applied to the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine Xiaoyao Pills. Several parameters of ultrasonic nebulization extraction including the sample particle size, solvent volume, extraction time and ultrasonic power were studied and selected. As a result, 2.4 g of sample with particle size of 80 mesh was extracted with 15 mL of n-hexane for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 35 W. The volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) under the optimal conditions and 57 compounds were identified. The precision, repeatability and stability of the proposed method were also studied. Compared with ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE) and hydrodistillation(HD) extraction, the proposed method is more efficient, faster and easier to be operated at room temperature with smaller sample and energy consumption. It is suggested that the ultrasonic nebulization extraction can be used as a novel alternative method for the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine.
文摘In the first article of this series, we presented some evidence of hyperforin as an antibiotic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory substance. In the present article, evidence of the permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) to hyperforin and its distribution in other organs of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) are revealed. Seven-month-old male boars with a body mass of 100 kg were fed a diet containing hyperforin. Organs were surgically removed under anesthesia. Organs were suitable prepared and extracted, and then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams (GC-MS with SMB). The presence of hyperforin was recorded in all organs and body fluids. Special attention was paid to the evaluation of the presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals. The presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals was established by GC-MS with SMB. The results are of interest because penicillin and numerous other antibiotics cannot pass through the BTB or BBB if healthy or non-inflamed, which limits their use in patients with meningitis and gonorrhea. The findings are also of interest in cases of penicillin- and multi-antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51673012)National Key Research and Development Plan Fund(No.2017YFB0306901,2016YFF0203703-03)the Beijing Technology and Business University Youth Scholar Funds(No.PXM2019_014213_000007).
文摘Nowadays,natural rubber(NR)is an indispensable material for industrial production and peoples’daily utilization.The root of Taraxacum kok-saghyz(TKS)contains a large amount of NR,which is potentially to be an alternative rubber source of conventional Hevea brasiliensis(HB).In order to find a convenient,fast and green method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of NR in TKS,a pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometric(Py-GCMS)method was developed accordingly.The results indicated that the main products of TKS rubber after pyrolysis were isoprene and limonene,respectively,and the limit of detection(LOD)of TKS rubber was 2.603 mg/g.The ratios of NR mass fractions in TKSs by Py-GC-MS ranged from 1.20%±0.20%to 8.61%±0.28%.The developed method has been used for determination of actual TKS samples and can be further applied to the field test for rapid breeding and large-scale cultivation of TKS thereof.
基金Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(KY2019056).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the volatile components in Santalum album Linn and gradually clarify the aroma composition of S.album Linn.[Methods]Solid-phase microextraction method was used to obtain the volatile components of S.album Linn.The aroma components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their relative contents were calculated using the area normalization method.[Results]In a dry state at room temperature,39 chemical components were identified from S.album Linn,mainly olefins(91.15%),alkanes(3.00%),alcohols(2.56%),esters(2.19%),ketones(0.55%),aldehydes(0.41%)and heterocyclics(0.14%).[Conclusions]This method has the advantages of low sample consumption,easy operation,rapid identification of aroma components and high sensitivity,and can effectively separate and determine volatile components in S.album Linn,realizing the rapid identification of different S.album Linn varieties and providing technical support for further research on Chinese medicinal materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31572253, 31601857, 31702009)the Science Foundation for Youths of Shanxi Province (No. 201801D221241)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (No. 2014M551961)
文摘The ciliate Tetrahymena is a valuable model organism in the studies of ecotoxicology. Changes in intracellular metabolism are caused by exogenous chemicals in the environment. Intracellular metabolite changes signify toxic effects and can be monitored by metabolomics analysis. In this work, a protocol for the GC-MS-based metabolomic analysis of Tetrahymena was established. Different extraction solvents showed divergent effects on the metabolomic analysis of Tetrahymena thermophila. The peak intensity of metabolites detected in the samples of extraction solvent Formula 1(F1) was the strongest and stable, while 61 metabolites were identified. Formula 1 showed an excellent extraction performance for carbohydrates. In the samples of extraction solvent Formula 2(F2), 66 metabolites were characterized, and fatty acid metabolites were extracted. Meanwhile, 57 and 58 metabolites were characterized in the extraction with Formula 3(F3) and Formula 4(F4), respectively. However, the peak intensity of the metabolites was low, and the metabolites were unstable. These results indicated that different extraction solvents substantially affected the detected coverage and peak intensity of intracellular metabolites. A total of 74 metabolites(19 amino acids, 11 organic acids, 2 inorganic acids, 11 fatty acids, 11 carbohydrates, 3 glycosides, 4 alcohols, 6 amines, and 7 other compounds) were identified in all experimental groups. Among these metabolites, amino acids, glycerol, myoinositol, and unsaturated fatty acids may become potential biomarkers of metabolite set enrichment analysis for detecting the ability of T. thermophila against environmental stresses.
文摘A new multi-residue method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with centrifugation was developed for determination and quantitation of 67 pesticides in water samples. Two SPE cartridges were tested: Chromabond C18 and Oasis HLB. Parameters that influence the extraction efficiency such as the eluent volume, the sample loading volume, the addition of organic solvent to water sample, sorbent drying and elute concentration were optimized. The innovation of this work was the examination of the use of a centrifugation technique in both the drying and elution steps. When combined with centrifugation, the volume of the elution solvent was reduced to 2 mL and the time for sorbent drying decreased also to 10 min under vacuum. Under the optimized conditions, this method showed good recoveries higher than 65% - 68% for the 67 analyzed pesticides using the C18 and HLB cartridges with relative standard deviations lower than 9.7% - 12.3%. Limits of quantification were between 2 and 20 ng.L–1. The simplicity of the described method, use of less of organic solvent, short procedure time, and good recoveries demonstrate the advantages of this environmentally friendly approach for routine analysis of numerous samples.
文摘The measurement of 23 organochlorine, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid pesticides in typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), flos lonicerae, was made using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) purification and gas chroma- tography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. The pesticides were extracted with ultrasonic device and 5.0 mL mixture of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane (1:1, v/v). Coextractants from sample matrices which may have interfere to the qualitative and quantitative analysis, such as pigments, were removed using GPC purification. Simultaneous full scan and selective ion monitor (scan/SIM) mode for GC-MS was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis, which pro- vided retention time and characteristic fragments ratio for each pesticide so as to positively identify each analyte. Rela- tive standard deviations (RSDs) were within 7.7% (5.0 - 22.5 μg/kg, n = 3). The recoveries of pesticide standards at the spiked concentration of 5.0 - 22.5 μg/kg were between 87.1% and 110.9%. Limits of detection (LODs) for the analytes were 0.16 - 3.2 μg/kg, which could meet the demand of routine analysis and TCM quality control.
文摘An easy and rapid method is proposed for the determination of PCBs in automotive shredder residues, using gas chromatography combined with low resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It is based on direct n-hexane solid-liquid extraction, subtracting background of the lineal aliphatic hydrocarbon interferences and integration of chromatographic peaks containing selected ion PCBs masses (256, 292 and 326 m/z), which are common in all PCBs formulations. Recoveries were in the 80% - 120% range;PCBs were detected and quantified in shredder samples from an automotive shredder industry, thus indicating the validity of the method.
基金Supported by The Fourth Batch of High-end Talent Project in Hebei Province.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to purify mutton samples by gel permeation chromatography(GPC).[Methods]Fourteen organophosphorus pesticide residues in samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)in selective ion scanning mode(SIM).[Results]The organophosphorus pesticide standard solutions showed good linearity in the mass concentration range of 0.1-10.0μg/ml with correlation coefficients(r)not lower than 0.999,and the detection limits(S=3 N)ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg.The average recovery values were in the range of 80.2%-99.7%,with relative standard deviations(RSDs,n=3)in the range of 1.8%-6.3%,at the addition levels of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg.[Conclusions]The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,and can be used for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in mutton.
文摘BACKGROUND The investigation of plant-based therapeutic agents in medicinal plants has revealed their presence in the extracts and provides the vision to formulate novel techniques for drug therapy.Vitex negundo(V.negundo),a perennial herb belonging to the Varbanaceae family,is extensively used in conventional medication.AIM To determine the existence of therapeutic components in leaf and callus extracts from wild V.negundo plants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS).METHODS In this study,we conducted GC-MS on wild plant leaf extracts and correlated the presence of constituents with those in callus extracts.Various growth regulators such as 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP),2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),α-naphthylacetic acid(NAA),and di-phenylurea(DPU)were added to plant leaves and in-vitro callus and grown on MS medium.RESULTS The results clearly indicated that the addition of BAP(2.0 mg/L),2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL),DPU(2.0 mg/L)and 2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL)in MS medium resulted in rapid callus development.The plant profile of Vitex extracts by GC-MS analysis showed that 24,10,and 14 bioactive constituents were detected in the methanolic extract of leaf,green callus and the methanolic extract of white loose callus,respectively.CONCLUSION Octadecadienoic acid,hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester were the major constituents in the leaf and callus methanolic extract.Octadecadienoic acid was the most common constituent in all samples.The maximum concentration of octadecadienoic acid in leaves,green callus and white loose callus was 21.93%,47.79%and 40.38%,respectively.These findings demonstrate that the concentration of octadecadienoic acid doubles in-vitro compared to in-vivo.In addition to octadecadienoic acid;butyric acid,benzene,1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl),dospan,tridecanedialdehyde,methylcyclohexenylbutanol,chlorpyrifos,n-secondary terpene diester,anflunine and other important active compounds were also detected.All these components were only available in callus formed in-vitro.This study showed that the callus contained additional botanical characteristics compared with wild plants.Due to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds,the medical use of Vitex for various diseases has been accepted and the plant is considered an important source of therapeutics for research and development.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30972839).
文摘Background Sevoflurane is currently used as a volatile inhalation anesthetic with many clinical advantages. A representative degradation product, compound A, was quantitatively measured to investigate whether there are different reactions between two kinds of water content sevoflurane formulations with different carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbents.
基金This project has been assisted by the New South Wales Government through its Environmental Trust[grant number 2015/RD/0156].
文摘Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenarios to aid first responders in appropriate site risk assessment and management.Large metropolitan fires can pose great risk to human and environmental health due to the rapid release of hazardous compounds into the atmosphere.Understanding the release of these hazardous organics is critical in understanding their associated risks.Person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was evaluated for its potential to provide rapid on-site analysis for real-time monitoring of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes.Air sampling and analysis methods were developed for scenes of this nature.Controlled field testing demonstrated that the portable GC-MS was able to provide preliminary analytical results on the volatile organic compounds present in air samples collected from both active and extinguished fires.In-field results were confirmed using conventional laboratory-based air sampling and analysis procedures.The deployment of portable instrumentation could provide first responders with a rapid on-site assessment tool for the appropriate management of scenes,thereby ensuring environmental and human health is proactively protected and scientifically informed decisions are made for the provision of timely advice to stakeholders.
基金supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42020104001 and 41805103)Local Innovative and Research Team Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2017BT01Z032)the Fund from Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(No.1922009)
文摘As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric amines in both gaseous and particulate phases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The amine samples were collected with and without phosphoric acid filters,followed by derivatization with benzenesulfonyl chloride under alkaline condition prior to GC-MS analysis.Furthermore,the method was optimized and validated for determining 14 standard amines.The detection limits ranged from0.0408-0.421μg/mL(for gaseous samples)and 0.163-1.69μg/mL(for particulate samples),respectively.The obtained recoveries ranged from 68.8%-180%and the relative standard deviation was less than 30%,indicating high precision and good reliability of the method.Seven amines were simultaneously detected in gaseous and particulate samples in an industrial park using the developed method successfully.Methylamine,dimethylamine and diethylamine together accounted for 76.7%and 75.6%of particulate and gaseous samples,respectively.By comparing the measured and predicted values of gas-particle partition fractions,it was found that absorption process of aqueous phase played a more important role in the gas-partition of amines than physical adsorption.Moreover,the reaction between unprotonated amines and acid(aq.)in water phase likely promoted water absorption.Higher measured partition fraction of dibutylamine was likely due to the reaction with gaseous HCl.The developed method would help provide a deeper understanding of gas-particle partitioning as well as atmospheric evolution of amines.
基金Supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB-F.No.SR/FT/LS-142/2009)Department of Science and Technology(DST),Government of India,New Delhi.
文摘Objective:To isolate bioactive molecules from marine seaweeds and check the antimicrobial activity against the fish pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Fresh marine seaweeds Gracilaria edulis,Kappaphycus spicifera,Sargassum wightii(S.wightii)were collected.Each seaweed was extracted with different solvents.In the study,test pathogens were collected from microbial type culture collection.Antibacterial activity was carried out by using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibition concentration(MIC)was calculated.Best seaweed was analysed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The cured extract was separated by thin layer chromatography(TLC).Fraction was collected from TLC to check the antimicrobial activity.Best fraction was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer(GCMS).Results:Based on the disc diffusion method,S.wightii showed a better antimicrobial activity than other seaweed extracts.Based on the MIC,methanol extract of S.wightii showed lower MIC than other solvents.S.wightii were separated by TLC.In this TLC,plate showed a two fraction.These two fractions were separated in preparative TLC and checked for their antimicrobial activity.Fraction 2 showed best MIC value against the tested pathogen.Fraction 2 was analysed by GCMS.Based on the GCMS,fraction 2 contains n-hexadecanoic acid(59.44%).Conclusions:From this present study,it can be concluded that S.wightii was potential sources of bioactive compounds.
基金This study was financially supported by the Project of the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(81373239).
文摘Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of chlorpyrifos in human blood samples.The chlorpyrifos and parathion(internal standard)in human blood were extracted with a mixed solvent of hexane and acetonitrile.Chlorpyrifos was well separated from the internal standard.The linear range of chlorpyrifos was 0.01-2 μg/ml in blood.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated at 0.002 and 0.01μg/ml,respectively.The inter-and intra-day precisions,accuracy,and recovery were assessed to verify this method.The results showed that the developed method is rapid,sensitive,and reliable.It is suitable for the determination of chlorpyrifos in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical diagnosis.
基金supported by Technology Project of Education Department in Fujian:A(JA14336).
文摘In order to control drug crime effectively,it is necessary to develop selective analytical methods suitable for unambiguous identification and determination of drugs in illicit samples and biological matrices.A novel microextraction technique based on ultrasound-assisted low-density solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction,(UA-LDS-DLLME)has been applied to the determination of four amphetamines(methamphetamine,amphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)in urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The parameters affecting extraction efficiency have been investigated and optimized.UA-LDS-DLLME used ultrasound energy to assist in the emulsification process without any disperser solvent.Under the optimized conditions,linearity was observed for all analytes in the 0.15-10 p,g/mL range with correlation coefficients(R)ranging from 0.9886 to 0.9894.The recoveries of75.6-91.4%with relative standard deviations of 2.5-4.0%were obtained.The limits of detection(S/N=3)were estimated to be in the 5-10 ng/mL range.The UA-LDS-DLLME technique had the advantages of shorter extraction time,suitability for simultaneous pretreatments of batches of samples,and the higher extraction efficiency.It was successfully applied to the analysis of amphetamines in real human urine samples.