Performance of Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Cogeneration Units Influenced by Heating Network Terminal Steam Parameters

The determination of source-side extracted heating parameters is of great significance to the economic operation of cogeneration systems.This paper investigated the coupling performance of a cogeneration heating and power system multidimensionally based on the operating characteristics of the cogeneration units,the hydraulic and thermodynamic characteristics of the heating network,and the energy loads.Taking a steam network supported by a gas-steam combined cycle cogeneration system as the research case,the interaction effect among the source-side prime movers,the heating networks,and the terminal demand thermal parameters were investigated based on the designed values,the plant testing data,and the validated simulation.The operating maps of the gas-steam combined cycle cogeneration units were obtained using THERMOFLEX,and the minimum source-side steam parameters of the steam network were solved using an inverse solution procedure based on the hydro-thermodynamic coupling model.The cogeneration operating maps indicate that the available operating domain considerably narrows with the rise of the extraction steam pressure and flow rate.The heating network inverse solution demonstrates that the source-side steam pressure and temperature can be optimized from the originally designed 1.11 MPa and 238.8°C to 1.074 MPa and 191.15°C,respectively.Under the operating strategy with the minimum source-side heating parameters,the power peak regulation depth remarkably increases to 18.30%whereas the comprehensive thermal efficiency decreases.The operation under the minimum source-side heating steam parameters can be superior to the originally designed one in the economy at a higher price of the heating steam.At a fuel price of$0.38/kg and the power to fuel price of 0.18 kg/(kW·h),the critical price ratio of heating steam to fuel is 119.1 kg/t.The influence of the power-fuel price ratio on the economic deviation appears relatively weak.

Model Selection of Gas Turbine for Large Scale Gas-Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant

This paper briefs the configuration and performance of large size gas turbines and their composed combined cycle power plants designed and produced by four large renown gas turbine manufacturing firms in the world, providing reference for the relevant sectors and enterprises in importing advanced gas turbines and technologies.

Hydrate-based carbon dioxide capture from simulated integrated gasification combined cycle gas

The equilibrium hydrate formation conditions for CO2/H2 gas mixtures with different CO2 concentrations in 0.29 mol% TBAB aqueous solution are firstly measured.The results illustrate that the equilibrium hydrate formation pressure increases remarkably with the decrease of CO2 concentration in the gas mixture.Based on the phase equilibrium data,a three stages hydrate CO2 separation from integrated gasification combined cycle （IGCC） synthesis gas is investigated.Because the separation efficiency is quite low for the third hydrate separation,a hybrid CO2 separation process of two hydrate stages in conjunction with one chemical absorption process （absorption with MEA） is proposed and studied.The experimental results show H2 concentration in the final residual gas released from the three stages hydrate CO2 separation process was approximately 95.0 mol% while that released from the hybrid CO2 separation process was approximately 99.4 mol%.Thus,the hybrid process is possible to be a promising technology for the industrial application in the future.

Thermodynamic analysis and combined cycle research on recoverable pressure energy in natural gas pipeline

Current research and ways of capturing mechanical energy are discussed in this paper. By the aid of the comprehensive thermodynamic analysis and Aspen simulation tool, the amount of a vailable work that can be produced from capturing the pressure energy has been calculated. Based on the comprehensive thermodynamic analysis, two systems have been proposed to capture pressure energy of natural gas to generate electricity. In this study, the expression of exergy is given which can be used in evaluating purposes. A problem with this multidisciplinary study is the complicated boundary condition. In conclusion, a technical prospect on recoverable natural gas pressure energy has been presented based on total energy system theory.

Improved Design of a 25 MW Gas Turbine Plant Using Combined Cycle Application

This paper presents the improved design of a 25 MW gas turbine power plant at Omoku in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, using combined cycle application. It entails retrofitting a steam bottoming plant to the existing 25 MW gas turbine plant by incorporating a heat recovery steam generator. The focus is to improve performance as well as reduction in total emission to the environment. Direct data collection was performed from the HMI monitoring screen, log books and manufacturer’s manual. Employing the application of MATLAB, the thermodynamics equations were modeled and appropriate parameters of the various components of the steam turbine power plant were determined. The results show that the combined cycle system had a total power output of 37.9 MW, made up of 25.0 MW from the gas turbine power plant and 12.9 MW (an increase of about 51%) from the steam turbine plant, having an HRSG, condenser and feed pump capacities of 42.46 MW, 29.61 MW and 1.76 MW respectively. The condenser cooling water parameters include a mass flow of 1180.42 kg/s, inlet and outlet temperatures of 29.8°C and 35.8°C respectively. The cycle efficiency of the dry mode gas turbine was 26.6% whereas, after modification, the combined cycle power plant overall efficiency is 48.8% (about 84% increases). Hence, SIEMENS steam turbine product of MODEL: SST-150 was recommended as the steam bottoming plant. Also the work reveals that a heat flow of about 42.46 MW which was otherwise being wasted in the exhaust gas of the 25 MW gas turbine power plant could be converted to 12.9 MW of electric power, thus reducing the total emission to the environment.

Process Simulation of a 620 Mw-Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant with Optimum Flue Gas Recirculation

The main objective of this investigation is to obtain an optimum value for the flue gas recirculation ratio in a 620 MW-Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant with a 100% excess air in order to have a composition of the exhaust gas suitable for an effective absorption by amine solutions. To reach this goal, the recirculated flue gas is added to the secondary air (dilution air) used for cooling the turbine. The originality of this work is that the optimum value of a Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) ratio of 0.42 is obtained from the change of the slope related to the effects of flue gas recirculation ratio on the molar percentage of oxygen in the exhaust gas. Compared to the NGCC power plant without flue gas recirculation, the molar percentage of carbon dioxide in the flue gas increases from 5% to 9.2% and the molar percentage of oxygen decreases from 10.9% to 3.5%. Since energy efficiency is the key parameter of energy conversion systems, the impact of the flue gas recirculation on the different energy inputs and outputs and the overall efficiency of the power plant are also investigated. It is found the positive effects of the flue gas recirculation on the electricity produced by the steam turbine generator (STG) are more important than its cooling effects on the power output of the combustion turbine generator (CTG). The flue gas recirculation has no effects on the water pump of the steam cycle and the increase of energy consumed by the compressor of flue gas is compensated by the decrease of energy consumed by the compressor of fresh air. Based on the Low heating value (LHV) of the natural gas, the flue gas recirculation increases the overall efficiency of the power plant by 1.1% from 57.5% from to 58.2%.

Energy Efficiency of a Simulated Synthetic Natural Gas Combined Cycle (SNGCC)

The objective of this investigation is to analyze the impact of the flue gas recirculation (FGR) ratio on the different energy inputs and outputs of a SNGCC power plant as well as its overall efficiency. Simulation results indicate that increasing flue gas recirculation increases the energy consumed by the recirculation compressor and the energy produced by the gas turbine. On the other hand, it decreases the production of energy of the steam turbine and the energy consumed by the pump of the steam cycle. The overall energy efficiency of the SNGCC power plant is highest (41.09%) at a value of 0.20 of the flue gas recirculation. However, the flue gas composition with a FGR ratio of 0.37 is more suitable for effective absorption of carbon dioxide by amine solutions. Based on the low heating value (LHV) of hydrogen, the corresponding overall efficiency of the power plant is 39.18% and the net power output of the plant is 1273 kW for consumption of 97.5 kg/hr. of hydrogen.

Numerical Calculation of a 3000MWt MHD-steam Combined Cycel System with Tail Gasification

A numerical calculation of a 3000MWt MHD steam combined cycle system with tail gasification is described . The research scheme has been set up and the parameters of this system have been designed. Then the efficiency of the combined cycle system has been calculated which is up to 53.9%.

Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of E/F/H-Class Gas Turbine Combined Cycle with Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Inlet/Variable Guide Vane Adjustment under Part-Load Conditions

Exhaust gas recirculation control(EGRC),an inlet air heating technology,can be utilized in combination with inlet/variable guide vane control(IGV/VGVC) and fuel flow control(FFC) to regulate the load,thereby effectively improving the part-load(i.e.,off-design) performance of the gas turbine combined cycle(GTCC).In this study,the E-,F-,and H-Class EGR-GTCC design and off-design system models were established and validated to perform a comparative analysis of the part-load performance under the EGR-IGV-FFC and conventional IGV-FFC strategies in the E/F/H-Class GTCC.Results show that EGR-IGV-FFC has considerable potential for the part-load performance enhancement and can show a higher combined cycle efficiency than IGV-FFC in the E-,F-,and H-Class GTCCs.However,the part-load performance improvement in the corresponding GTCC was weakened for the higher class of the gas turbine because of the narrower load range of EGR action and the deterioration of the gas turbine performance.Furthermore,EGR-IGV-FFC was inferior to IGV-FFC in improving the performance at loads below 50% for the H-Class GTCC.The results obtained in this paper could help guide the application of EGR-IGV-FFC to enhance the part-load performance of various classes of GTCC systems.

Effect of MgO promoter on Ni-based SBA-15 catalysts for combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with Ni contents ranging from 5 wt% to 15 wt%, as well as another series of 10%Ni/MgO/SBA-15 catalysts, in which the range of the MgO content was from 1 wt% to 7 wt%, were prepared, and their catalytic performances for the reaction of combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane were investigated in a continuous flow microreactor. The structures of the catalysts were characterized using the XRD, H2-TPR and CO2-TPD techniques. The results indicated that the CO selectivity for this reaction was very close to 100%, and the H2/CO ratio of the product gas could be controlled by changing the H2O/CO2 molar ratio of the feed gas. The simultaneous and plentiful existing of steam and CO2 had a significant influence on the catalytic performance of the 10%Ni/SBA-15 catalyst without modification. After reacting at 850 °C for 120 h over this catalyst, the CH4 conversion dropped from 98% to 85%, and the CO2 conversion decreased from 86% to 53%. However, the 10%Ni/3%MgO/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited a much better catalytic performance, and after reacting for 620 h, the CO2 conversion over this catalyst dropped from 92% to around 77%, while the CH4 conversion was not decreased. Oxidation of the Ni0 species as well as carbon deposition during the reaction were the main reasons for the deactivation of the catalyst without modification. On the other hand, modification by the MgO promoter improved the dispersion of the Ni0 species, and enhanced the CO2 adsorption affinity which in turn depressed the occurring of carbon deposition, and thus retarded the deactivation process.

An Improved Combined Power System Utilizing Cold Energy of LNG

In order to improve efficiency of a combined power system in which waste heat from exhaust gas could be efficiently recovered and cold energ^^ of liquefied natural gas （LNG） could be fully utilized as well. A system simulation and ther^nodynamic analysis were carried out, the Kalina cycle was reorganized by changing the concentration of “basic composition”, so that a better thermal matching in the heat exchanger could be obtained and the irreversibility of the system was decreased. It was found that the Kalina cycle generally used in the bottom of combined power cycle could also be used to recover the cold energy of LNG. The results show that the exergy efficiency of 42.97% is obtained. Compared with the previous system attained the exergy efficiency of 39.76%, the improved system has a better performance.

Economics and Performance Forecast of Gas Turbine Combined Cycle

Forecasts of the various types of gas turbines economics and performance of gas turbine combined cycle （GTCC） with will help power plant designers to select the best type of gas turbine for future Chinese powerplants. The cost and performance of various designs were estimated using the commercial software GT PRO. Improved GTCC output will increase the system efficiency which may induce total investment and will certainly increase the cumulative cash which then will induce the cost and the payback period. The relative annual fuel output increases almost in proportion to the relative GTCC output. China should select the gas turbine that provides the most economical output according to its specific conditions. The analysis shows that a GTCC power plant with a medium-sized 100 to 200 MW output gas turbine is the most suitable for Chinese investors.

低负荷下燃气‒蒸汽联合循环机组与煤气发电机组经济效益分析

马钢北区拥有1台燃气‒蒸汽联合循环发电机组和1台全烧煤气锅炉发电机组,用于平衡马钢北区高、焦、转炉煤气。为提高煤气综合利用效率,采集2台机组不同负荷下煤气消耗数据并进行分析,根据分析结果对2台机组的煤气资源进行最优分配,优化生产运行组织方式,最大可能实现有限煤气资源多发电。

燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电系统高级(火用)经济性分析

【目的】基于(火用)经济发展而来的高级(火用)经济分析方法,能够细化拆分系统组件的经济成本,深入探究经济成本形成的内在原因。【方法】在结合高级(火用)分析的基础上,采用高级(火用)经济分析法将燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电系统中各组件的成本拆解为内源性成本、外源性成本、可避免成本和不可避免成本,并对此进行计算。【结果】在设计工况下,联合循环发电系统中燃烧室的可避免(火用)损最大,为28.41 MW,占燃烧室(火用)损的26.55%。基于计算结果,对透平提出了不同的改进措施,降低了系统内源性和外源性(火用)损。系统中(火用)耗散成本占比最大的是内源性可避免部分,底循环改进优先级最高的是高压缸,其次是低压缸。联合循环发电系统中年度化成本外源性占比为80.59%,其中外源性可避免部分占比40.04%。【结论】研究成果可为系统提供多方面能效评价角度和优化成本的改进方向。

重型燃气轮机联合循环机组三压再热余热锅炉动态建模及运行规律研究

针对燃气轮机联合循环机组三压再热余热锅炉的动态运行特性,使用Modelica开源编程语言搭建了余热锅炉仿真模型,并与电厂实际调峰过程运行数据及Thermoflow商业软件仿真结果进行对比和验证。在实际运行工况下,从满负荷降至低负荷后稳态运行、再从低负荷升至满负荷、机组停机和边界参数扰动的动态过程中,所建模型均能较为准确地预测余热锅炉主要参数的动态响应规律。随着机组负荷从320 MW降低至280 MW,汽轮机功率从124.0 MW降至111.5 MW;高压主蒸汽流量从70.12 kg/s减至63.62 kg/s;高压主蒸汽压力从8250 k Pa降至7612 k Pa;余热锅炉入口烟气参数在约300 s的时间内随机组负荷变化,但是余热锅炉蒸汽参数需要约600s完成动态响应达到低负荷下的稳态,说明余热锅炉蒸汽参数相对于燃气轮机排烟参数随时间变化有一定滞后。在机组停机的动态过程中,汽轮机功率从130.4MW下降到5.4MW,余热锅炉高压主蒸汽温度从600.1℃降低到224.5℃,高压主蒸汽流量从76.1 kg/s减小到15.3 kg/s。

耦合溴化锂制冷机组的燃气-蒸汽联合循环性能分析

燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组的运行性能容易受到环境温度的影响,使得机组在电力负荷需求高峰期面临出力不足的问题.为了解决这一问题,基于EBSILON软件,对耦合溴化锂制冷机组的SGT5-4000F型燃气-蒸汽联合循环进行仿真建模,并将冷却装置加装到压气机入口处,模拟分析进气温度对联合循环输出功率和循环效率的影响规律.研究表明:通过改变压气机进气温度可知降低进气温度可使得联合循环发电功率提高4.73%-6.10%.在温度较高的夏季工况,在燃气轮机的压气机进气口处加装进气冷却装置可以提高机组的性能,并且温度越高,联合循环输出功率提高的效果更好.

单轴燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组FCB控制策略研究与应用

为强化本地支撑电源建设,提高应对突发因素造成的大面积停电事故,广东电网对联合循环机组孤网运行能力及“黑启动”功能提出了明确要求。依托某燃机电厂二期基建调试项目,开展了两套AE94.3A型燃气-蒸汽联合循环“一拖一”单轴式机组快速甩负荷(fast cut back,简称FCB)试验。试验模拟了电网外送回路故障,机组通过快切线路断路器,最终实现了汽机跳闸,燃机快速切负荷、输出功率降至带厂用电的“孤网运行”目的,试验过程各参数变化平稳,主辅机设备均为安全停运,试验取得了较好的效果。通过对汽机旁路系统、锅炉过热/再热减温水系统、汽包液位系统、凝结水及真空系统、轴封系统等的控制策略进行针对性的优化与完善,使得机组具备了完整可靠的FCB功能,显著增强了电源侧供电可靠性。相关经验可供后续同类机组参考。

燃气发电厂电气能耗分析与节能降耗措施研究

该文依据近年来国际能源形势和国家的能源政策并结合燃气发电厂的特性,从企业生产成本、运营管理规范性、电磁损耗、辅机电气损耗和照明电气损耗等角度出发,对燃气发电厂存在的电气节能降耗问题进行探究分析,并提出具体的节能降耗措施。分析表明,通过优化电气设备的性能和管理模式,可以达到节能降耗和提高燃气电厂的经济效益的目的。

联合循环发电机组变工况调频能力研究

随着能源结构转型,对发电机组调峰调频能力提出了更高的要求。燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电响应快,更适应调峰调频需求。本文以燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组为例,研究其变工况条件下一次调频能力。搭建了联合循环发电机组模型,以评估环境温度、进气导向叶片(IGV)和工况变化对机组一次频率调节响应的影响。同时,研究了在不同发电负荷下,发电机组在一次频率调节过程中的性能表现。本研究为联合循环发电机组的调频控制提供了理论依据和技术支持。

Malfunction Diagnosis of the GTCC System under All Operating Conditions Based on Exergy Analysis

After long-term operation,the performance of components in the GTCC system deteriorates and requires timely maintenance.Due to the inability to directly measure the degree of component malfunction,it is necessary to use advanced exergy analysis diagnosis methods to characterize the components’health condition(degree of malfunction)through operation data of the GTCC system.The dissipative temperature is used to describe the degree of malfunction of different components in the GTCC system,and an advanced exergy analysis diagnostic method is used to establish a database of overall operating condition component malfunctions in theGTCC system.Ebsilon software is used to simulate the critical parameters of the malfunctions of the GTCC system components and to obtain the changes in the dissipative temperature of different components.Meanwhile,the fuel consumption and economic changes of the GTCC system on a characteristic power supply day under health and malfunction conditions are analyzed.Finally,the effects of maintenance costs,electricity,and gas prices on maintenance expenses and profits are analyzed.The results show that the GTCC system maintenance profit is 6.07$/MWh,while the GTCC system maintenance expense is 5.83$/MWh.Compared with the planned maintenancemode,the malfunction maintenance mode saves 0.24$/MWh.Simultaneously,the maintenance coefficient of GTCC should be adjusted under different malfunctions to obtain a more accurate maintenance period.