A convenient method for measuring gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient in micro reactors

The research on gas-liquid multiphase reactions using micro reactors is becoming increasingly widespread, given their excellent mass transfer performance. Establishing an accurate and reliable method to measure the gas-liquid mass transfer performance of micro reactors is crucial for evaluating and optimizing the design of micro reactor structure. In this paper, the physical absorption method of aqueous solution-CO_(2) and the chemical absorption method of sodium carbonate solution-CO_(2) were proposed. By analyzing the chemical reaction equilibrium during the absorption process, the relationship between the mass transfer of CO_(2) and the solubility of hydroxide ions in the solution was established, and the total gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient was immediately obtained by measuring the p H value. The corresponding testing platform and process have been established based on the characteristics of the proposed method to ensure fast and accurate measurement. In addition, the chemical absorption method takes into account temperature factors that were not previously considered. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient measured by these two methods is in the same range as those measured by other methods using the same microchannel structure in previous literature. The methods have the advantages of low equipment cost, faster measurement speed, and simpler procedures, which can facilitate its wide application to the evaluation of the mass transfer performance and hence can guide the structure optimization of microchannel reactors.

VOLUMETRIC MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT BETWEEN SLAG AND METAL IN COMBINED BLOWING CONVERTER

The effects of operation parameters of combined blowing converter on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient between slag and steel are studied with a cold model with water simulating steel, oil simulating slag and benzoic acid as the transferred substance between water and oil. The results show that, with lance level of 2.1m and the top blowing rate of 25000Nm3/h, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient changes most significantly when the bottom blowing rate ranges from 384 to 540Nm3/h. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient reaches its maximum when the lance level is 2.1m, the top blowing rates is 30000Nm3/h, and the bottom blowing rate is 384Nm3/h with tuyeres located symmetrically at 0.66D of the converter bottom.

Experimental determination of gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a jet bubbling reactor

The hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of a lab-scale jet bubbling reactor(JBR)including the gas holdup,volumetric mass transfer coefficient and specific interfacial area were assessed experimentally investigating the influence of temperature,pH and superficial gas velocity.The reactor diameter and height were 11 and 30 cm,respectively.It was equipped with a single sparger,operating at atmospheric pressure,20 and 40℃,and two pH values of 3 and 6.The height of the liquid was 23 cm,while the superficial gas velocity changed within 0.010-0.040 m·s^(-1)range.Experiments were conducted with pure oxygen as the gas phase and saturated lime solution as the liquid phase.The liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficient was determined under unsteady-state oxygen absorption in a saturated lime solution.The gas holdup was calculated based on the liquid height change,while the specific interfacial area was obtained by a physical method based on the bubble size distribution(BSD)in different superficial gas velocities.The results indicated that at the same temperature but different pH,the gas holdup variation was negligible,while the liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the pH value of 6 was higher than that at the pH=3.At a constant pH but different temperatures,the gas holdup and the liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficients at 40℃were higher than that of the same at 20℃.A reasonable and appropriate estimation of the liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficient(kla)in a pilot-scale JBR was provided which can be applied to the design and scale-up of JBRs.

Gas–liquid mass transfer and flow phenomena in the Peirce–Smith converter: a water model study

A water model with a geometric similarity ratio of 1：5 was developed to investigate the gas-liquid mass transfer and flow charac- teristics in a Peirce-Smith converter. A gas mixture of CO2 and Ar was injected into a NaOH solution bath. The flow field, volumetric mass transfer coefficient per unit volume （Ak/V; where A is the contact area between phases, V is the volume, and k is the mass transfer coeffi- cient）, and gas utilization ratio （t/） were then measured at different gas flow rates and blow angles. The results showed that the flow field could be divided into five regions, i.e., injection, strong loop, weak loop, splashing, and dead zone. Whereas the Ak/V of the bath increased and then decreased with increasing gas flow rate, and n steadily increased. When the converter was rotated clockwise, both Ak/F and t/increased. However, the flow condition deteriorated when the gas flow rate and blow angle were drastically increased. Therefore, these para- meters must be controlled to optimal conditions. In the proposed model, the optimal gas flow rate and blow angle were 7.5 m3.h-1 and 10°, respectively.

Catalytic decomposition and mass transfer of aqueous ozone promoted by Fe-Mn-Cu/γ-Al2O_(3) in a rotating packed bed

This study investigated catalytic decomposition and mass transfer of aqueous ozone promoted by Fe-MnCu/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(Cat)in a rotating packed bed(RPB)for the first time.The results showed that the value of the overall decomposition rate constant of ozone(K_(c))and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient(K_(L)a)are 4.28×10^(-3) s^(-1) and 11.60×10^(-3) s^(-1) respectively at an initial pH of 6,βof 40,Co3(g)of 60 mg·L^(-1)and Q_(L) of 85 L·h^(-1) in deionized water,respectively.Meanwhile,the K_(c) and K_(L)a values of Fenhe water are0.88×10^(-3) s^(-1) and 2.51×10^(-3) s^(-1) lower than deionized water,respectively.In addition,the K_(c) and K_(L)a values in deionized water for the Cat/O_(3)-RPB system are 44.86%and 47.41%higher than that for the Cat/O_(3)-BR(bubbling reactor)system,respectively,indicating that the high gravity technology can facilitate the decomposition and mass transfer of ozone in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation and provide some insights into the industrial wastewater.

多孔板鼓泡塔流动与传质特性数值模拟

采用Euler-Euler双流体模型对安装不同数量的水平多孔板的鼓泡塔内气液两相流动及传质特性进行数值模拟研究,并探究了不同表观气速条件对鼓泡塔内气含率、气泡直径分布和气液传质系数的影响。结果表明,不同数量的多孔板和不同位置的多孔板都会影响气含率的分布;随着多孔板的数目增加,鼓泡塔液相上方区域的气含率增加,但影响区域有限;安装多孔板后,鼓泡塔内径向位置的平均气含率变化明显,出现“M”形状的分布。不同表观气速下,未安装多孔板的鼓泡塔内直径为1~2mm的微小气泡占比超过30%;安装多孔板后,微小气泡占比明显增加;气液传质系数在中心区域(径向无量纲为-0.5~0.5)较为平缓,波动不大。最后将模拟计算得到的气液体积传质系数与Akita的关联式计算值进行比较,本文计算结果略高。

A novel insight of degradation ibuprofen in aqueous by catalytic ozonation with supported catalyst:Supports effect on ozone mass transfer

Catalytic ozonation is an effective wastewater purification process.However,the low ozone mass transfer in packed bubble columns leads to low ozone utilization efficiency(OUE),poor organic degradation performance,and high energy consumption.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop efficient supported catalysts that can enhancemass transfer and performance.However,the reaction mechanism of the support on ozone mass transfer remains unclear,which hinders the development of catalytic ozonation applications.In this study,lava rocks(LR)-supported catalysts,specifically CuMn_(2)O_(4)@LR and MnO_(2)–Co_(3)O_(4)@LR,were proposed for catalytic ozonation of IBP degradation due to their superior catalytic activity,stability,and high OUE.Addition of CuMn_(2)O_(4)@LR or MnO_(2)–Co_(3)O_(4)@LR increased IBP removal efficiency from 85%to 91%or 88%,and reduced energy consumption from 2.86 to 2.14 kWh/m^(3)or 2.60 kWh/m^(3),respectively.This improvement was attributed to LRsupported catalysts enhancing mass transfer and promoting O3 decomposition to generate•OH and•O_(2)^(−),leading to IBP degradation.Furthermore,this study investigated the effects of ozone dose,supporter sizes,and catalyst components on ozone-liquid mass transfer.The results revealed that the size of the supporter influenced stacked porosity and consequently affected ozone mass transfer.Larger-sized LR(kLa=0.172 min^(−1))exhibited better mass transfer compared to smaller-sized supports.Based on these findings,it was concluded that both CuMn_(2)O_(4)@LR and MnO_(2)–Co_(3)O_(4)@LR are potential catalysts for catalytic ozonation in residual IBP degradation of pharmaceutical wastewater,and LR showed good credibility as a catalyst supporter.Understanding the effects of supporters and active components on ozone mass transfer provides a fundamental principle for designing supported catalysts in catalytic ozonation applications.

喷雾强化空气冷却器的实验研究

文献上常采用有效膜传热系数的方法来考虑管外水膜传热传质的综合效果，用析湿系数考虑对空气增湿降温的效果，这种基于对数平均温差或ε～ＮＴＵ方法对湿式空冷器进行热计算是比较粗糙和近似的．本文基于Ｍｅｒｋｅｌ的焓差法，用容积散质系数的方法对水膜的传热传质进行分析．在实验过程中改变了空气质流量以及喷水强度，测得有关数据，整理得出βｘｖ值．用多元回归方法得出的βｘｖ关联式。

沼气提纯过程中醇胺溶液吸收CO_2传质性能

醇胺溶液吸收CO2是沼气提纯领域重要的研究课题。在实验填料吸收塔中,以乙醇胺（MEA）、二乙醇胺（DEA）为吸收剂,研究了吸收剂浓度、进气流量、CO2浓度、进液温度对吸收过程转化率η、吸收速率N以及气相总体积传质系数KGae的影响。结果表明,吸收剂浓度增加可有效提高η、N及KGae;进气流率增加,η逐渐降低,N先增加后降低,KGae先增加后降低最终趋于稳定;随着CO2浓度增加,η和KGae不断降低,N逐渐增加;随着进液温度升高,η和KGae均先升高后降低;MEA、DEA的最佳进液温度在40～60℃之间,并随CO2负载量增大而逐渐降低。研究结果对于醇胺溶液吸收法沼气提纯技术的研究开发和实际应用有参考作用。

溴化锂溶液除湿器性能的实验研究

对逆流、散装填料、LiBr溶液的除湿器进行实验研究,实验过程中溶液流量为800～1600 L.h-1,入口溶液浓度为49%～54%,温度为28～41℃,空塔气速为0.39～0.96 m.s-1,入口空气湿度为10～21 g.kg-1。采用除湿量和体积传质系数来描述除湿性能,分析了溶液和空气入口参数对除湿性能的影响,得出平均体积传质系数为1.0 kg.m-3.s-1,液气比为2.5～3时可获到较好的除湿效果。比较了不同填料的除湿性能,鲍尔环填料除湿效果较好。同时对除湿过程进行了能量守恒分析,表明实验测量数据的准确性。实验结果为溶液除湿系统的性能分析及设计提供了依据。

蒸发式冷却器的传热传质试验研究

对蒸发式冷却器传热传质试验结果的数据处理进行了讨论，重点是它的容积散质系数以及工艺水到水膜的传热系数．介绍了试验台和各测试仪表，给出了对两个试件的测试结果，整理了βｘｖ和Ｋ的变化规律。

三相下喷式环流反应器的传质性能

在三相非牛顿型流体体系中，对下喷式环流反应器传质特性进行了实验研究。讨论了表观气速、能量耗散速率、导流筒直径与反应器直径比、喷嘴直径、导流筒下端距反应器底部的距离、固体装填量、羧甲基纤维素钠（ＣＭＣ）溶液浓度及其流变特性对它的影响。实验结果表明，容积传质系数随表观气速和能量耗散速率的增加有所增加，在实验条件下，发现最优的导流筒直径与反应器直径比在０．４～０．４５这一范围、固体装填量大约为３％（体积百分比）、导流筒下端距反应器底部的距离为０．０８ｍ左右。同时提出了容积传质系数的经验关联式。

高压搅拌釜中H_2、CO在不同液体介质中的溶解度和体积传质系数的研究

使用高压搅拌釜，应用气体间歇吸收技术，在温度３７３～５７３Ｋ、压力１．０～４．０ＭＰａ，转速８００ｒ／ｍｉｎ的实验条件下，测定了Ｈ_２、ＣＯ在液体石蜡，正二十八烷烃和ＦＴ３００蜡中的溶解度和体积传质系数。实验结果表明Ｈ_２、ＣＯ在３种液体介质中的溶解度和体积传质系数均随温度和压力的升高而增加，随液体介质分子量增加而减少。同时获得了溶解度随温度变化的关联式和气体在液体中的溶解热数据。

填料塔中钠碱溶液吸收低浓度SO2的体积传质系数

在填料吸收塔中测定和计算了钠碱溶液吸收烟气中低浓度SO2的体积总传质系数(KGa),并研究了进口气体中SO2浓度、气体流量、吸收液喷淋密度以及溶液中Na+浓度对体积传质总系数的影响。结果表明,进口气体中SO2浓度、气体流量及吸收液喷淋密度对KGa的影响较大;随着进口气体中SO2浓度的增大,KGa逐渐减小,而随着进口气体流量及吸收液喷淋密度的增大,KGa逐渐增大;吸收液中Na+浓度对KGa的影响较小。

复吹转炉钢-渣间容量传质系数的水-油模型

在熔池直径 880mm、深 2 5 8mm的冷态模型中 ,利用水模拟钢水、机油模拟渣、苯甲酸模拟钢 渣间传输物质来研究熔池直径 5 2 85mm、深 15 4 5mm的复吹转炉吹炼工艺参数对钢 渣间容量传质系数的影响。结果表明 ,枪位 35 0mm ,顶吹流量 117m3 /h ,底吹流量 1 6 8m3 /h至 2 36m3 /h时 ,传输物质苯甲酸的容量传质系数变化最显著 ,在采用枪位 35 0mm ,顶吹流量 14 0m3 /h ,底吹流量 1 6 8m3 /h ,底枪布置方式为 8孔对称布置在 0 6 6直径的圆上时 ,传输物质的容量传质系数最大。

化学吸收法测定多级离心雾化旋转填料床有效相界面积及体积传质系数

对多级离心雾化旋转填料床的有效相界表面积及体积传质系数，用化学吸收法做了实验测量。实验结果表明：多级离心雾化旋转填料床不仅具有超低气阻，而且可产生良好的喷雾扩展相界面积的作用，体积传质系数比传统填料塔提高一个数量级，接近气液逆流型旋转填料床。多级离心雾化旋转填料床开拓了新的气液传热传质途径。

鼓泡床反应器内流动与传质行为的研究进展

总结了有关浆态鼓泡床反应器内流动、混合用气液传质特性的研究成果,详细地介绍了鼓泡床反应器内气含率、液速、液体轴向扩散系数、传质系数的测量方法,阐述了鼓泡床反应器性能的主要影响因素,如系统压力、温度、气体表观气速、液体性质及固含率等对流动、液相混合和传质特性的影响,并对鼓泡床反应器的应用前景进行了详述。

气升式环流反应器的研究进展

环流反应器在工业上正得到越来越广泛的应用,对其进行深入研究对于此类反应器的设计与放大具有重要意义。对环流反应器的流动、混合及传质特性参数随表观气速、液相物性、系统压力和反应器尺寸等操作条件的变化关系进行了综述。介绍了各特性参数的测量方法,并指出了这些方法的优缺点及可能存在的误差。对环流反应器的流动、混合及传质特性的数学模型进行了评述,并在此基础上对环流反应器研究的发展前景进行了展望。

气升式外环流反应器结构特性对传质的影响

研究了气升式外环流反应器 ( EALR)结构特性 (高径比、喷嘴结构、喷嘴位置、两管中心距 )对气含率、液体体积传质系数的影响。得出了反应器的较优结构尺寸。在冷模试验优选出确定结构的EALR中进行了苏云金杆菌的发酵实验 ,与传统的机械搅拌罐相比 ,苏云金杆菌的发酵周期可缩短 9h左右 ,发酵水平可提高 35%。

微量醇及电解质强化气液传质的研究

在气升式内环流反应器中考察了微量醇类物质(乙醇、叔丁醇、季戊四醇)及电解质(CaCl_2)对氧的液相体积传质系数和气含率的影响。结果表明,向空气-水体系中添加微量醇类物质可以明显改善气液传质性能,同时醇类物质强化气-液传质存在一极限浓度,超过此浓度后,氧的液相体积传质系数略有降低;当表观气速增加时,去离子水体系和含醇体系的气含率都增加,但醇体系的气含率明显高于去离子水体系。此外,添加电解质 CaCl_2也会使氧的液相体积传质系数有所提高,并从离子强度的角度对其抑制气泡聚并的机理进行了分析。