Dendritic spine degeneration:a primary mechanism in the aging process

Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(Mayer et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(Mayer et al., 2022;AguilarHernández et al., 2023).

Prediction and optimization of flue pressure in sintering process based on SHAP

Sinter is the core raw material for blast furnaces.Flue pressure,which is an important state parameter,affects sinter quality.In this paper,flue pressure prediction and optimization were studied based on the shapley additive explanation(SHAP)to predict the flue pressure and take targeted adjustment measures.First,the sintering process data were collected and processed.A flue pressure prediction model was then constructed after comparing different feature selection methods and model algorithms using SHAP+extremely random-ized trees(ET).The prediction accuracy of the model within the error range of±0.25 kPa was 92.63%.SHAP analysis was employed to improve the interpretability of the prediction model.The effects of various sintering operation parameters on flue pressure,the relation-ship between the numerical range of key operation parameters and flue pressure,the effect of operation parameter combinations on flue pressure,and the prediction process of the flue pressure prediction model on a single sample were analyzed.A flue pressure optimization module was also constructed and analyzed when the prediction satisfied the judgment conditions.The operating parameter combination was then pushed.The flue pressure was increased by 5.87%during the verification process,achieving a good optimization effect.

Remaining Life Prediction Method for Photovoltaic Modules Based on Two-Stage Wiener Process

Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performanceof PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental factors.This cumulativedegradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complexdegradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accountsfor the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A powerdegradation model based on the two-stage Wiener process is constructed to describe individual differences inmodule degradation processes. To estimate the model parameters, a combination of the Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm and the Bayesian method is employed. Furthermore, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) isutilized to identify critical change points in PV module degradation trajectories. To validate the universality andeffectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative analysis is conducted against other established life predictiontechniques for PV modules.

An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

Process Simulate软件在自动化生产线安装调试课程中的应用

针对自动化生产线安装调试课程的实践教学难题提出了使用仿真软件进行虚拟装调的方案。介绍了如何使用Process Simulate软件对自动化生产线进行虚拟装调。实践证明,使用Process Simulate软件能够有效提高自动化生产线安装调试课程的实践教学效果。

基于Arduino与Processing的心率检测计设计研究

随着社会经济的高速发展,人们的物质生活也有了极大的提高,但同时也伴随着各种疾病的到来,身体健康已经成为人们普遍关注的焦点,因此,心率检测仪、血压计、血糖仪等各种家用医疗监测仪器已经逐渐融入日常生活。心脏病是人们难以预防的突发致命疾病之一,本文介绍的是一款基于Arduino【是基于易用硬件和软件的原型开源平台,包由可编程的电路板(简称微控制器),以及集成开发环境(称为Arduino IDE)的现成软件组成】Processing(开源编程语言,包括编辑器、编译器、展示器)的简易心率检测计系统,其功能实用、操作简单,可以测量心率,当超出正常心率范围时及时预警,是一款便携的实时心率测试仪。

Gas-phase electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide using electrolytic cell based on phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane

Carbon dioxide transformation to fuels or chemicals provides an attractive approach for its utilization as feedstock and its emission reduction. Herein, we report a gas-phase electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in an electrolytic cell, constructed using phosphoric acid-doped polybenz- imidazole （PBI） membrane, which allowed operation at 170 ℃ Pt/C and PtMo/C with variable ratio of Pt/Mo were studied as the cathode catalysts. The results showed that PtMo/C catalysts significantly enhanced CO formation and inhibited CH4 formation compared with Pt/C catalyst. Characterization by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that most Mo species existed as MoO3 in PtMo/C catalysts and the interaction between Pt and MoOx was likely responsible for the enhanced CO formation rate although these bicomponent catalysts in general had a larger particle size than Pt/C catalyst.

Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by gas-phase oxidative carbonylation of methanol in the presence of solid catalyst I. Catalyst preparation and catalytic Properties

The gas-phase synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol, carbon monoxide and oXygen has here Studied in a flow system at atomspheric Pressure. A series of Catalyst used in this reaCtion have been prepared and evaluated. The influence of trivared carbon supporters, alkaline metal Promoters and operation conditions on DMC opthesis reaction has been discussed. Under the conditions of 130℃, CO/O2=1 .96, SV=3340h-1, the space-time yield (STY) of DMC over PdCl2-CuCl2-CH3COOK/ac. catalyst is 217g/l-cat h,which is higher than what is published in the literatUre so far.

Gas-phase dehydrochlorination of 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane over the non-metal supported ionic liquid catalyst

Developing of non-metallic catalyst to replace metal catalyst is a meaningful and challenging direction.In this work,the non-metallic catalyst was synthetized successfully by loading ionic liquid onto the silica surface,which was applied for the gas-phase dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.The 12%TPPC/SiO2(wt%)showed the best results with the conversion of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane reaching 100%.The selectivity of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene was 100%,and no deactivation was found during the evaluation period.The catalytic mechanism was investigated and possible reaction route was given,which was a reference for fabricating and design of solid base catalyst.

Influence of heat treatment on microstructure and electrochemical behaviors of Mg-Zn binary alloys prepared by gas-phase alloying technique

Mg-Zn binary alloys fabricated by the gas-phase alloying technique under vacuum condition were investigated in the state of initial state and after heat treatment for the microstructure and electrochemical behaviors.Different from the traditional Mg-Zn alloys preparation methods,alloys prepared by gas-phase alloying have a large number of intermetallic compounds,such as MgZn,Mg7Zn3 and MgZn2.After solution treatment,the boundary of the eutectic disappeared and the size ofα-Mg increased from 100μm to 150μm.At the same time,the value of the resistance of charge transfer increased,which indicates that the resistance of the charge transfer and the corrosion resistance of the alloys increased.After artificial aging treatment,the distribution ofα-Mg was more uniform and its size was reduced to about 50μm,and there was new eutectic structure formed.The newly formed eutectic structure forms galvanic cells with the alloy matrix,which makes the corrosion resistance of the alloy weaken.

Anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes in a single-phased anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR) with gas-phased absorb of CO_2

The performance of the single-stage anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes was investigated in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR) with gas-phased absorb of CO 2. The ASBR was operated at four chemical oxygen demand(COD) loading rates, 2.8, 5.1, 6.2 and 8.4 g/(L·d) respectively. The COD loading rate was increased with the TS concentration and HRT changing. At maximum COD loading rate of 8.4 g/(L·d), the COD, total solid(TS) removal rate and methane gas yield were 69%, 68% and 2.5 L/(L·d) respectively. The operation of the reactor with gas-phased absorb of CO 2 was stable in spite of the low pH(2.6—3.9) and high concentration of TS(142 g/L) of input mixture. The output volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentration was between 2.7—4.7 g/L and had no inhibition on the methanogenic microorganism. The reactor without gas-phased absorb of CO 2 became acidified when the total COD loading rate was increased to 5.1 g/(L·d). Stoichiometry of the methanogenesis for kitchen wastes showed a considerable amount of alkaline will be required to keep pH in the appropriate range for the methanogenic microorganism based on theoretical calculation. Gas-phased absorb of CO 2 effectively reduced the alkaline consumption, hence avoided excessive cation into the reactor.

Industrial Preparation and Acid Resistance of Ultra-stable Y Zeolite with Small Cell Size Produced by Gas-phase Method

Small-cell HSY-S zeolite prepared by the gas-phase ultra-stable method had been researched and developed,and industrial preparation tests of HSY-S have been successfully carried out for the first time.The acid resistance of industrially prepared HSY-S was investigated by acid solutions with different pH values.The structures and properties of HSY-S and its acid-treated samples were characterized by XRD,XRF,BET,and IR.Results show that the HSY-S samples have the characteristics of high crystallinity,good stability,large specific surface area,and good acid resistance.

Gas-phase CO_(2)activation with single electrons,metal atoms,clusters,and molecules

In this review,the history and outlook of gas-phase CO_(2)activation using single electrons,metal atoms,clusters(mainly metal hydride clusters),and molecules are discussed on both of the experimental and theoretical fronts.Although the development of bulk solid-state materials for the activation and conversion of CO_(2)into value-added products have enjoyed great success in the past several decades,this review focuses only on gas-phase studies,because isolated,well-defined gas-phase systems are ideally suited for high-resolution experiments using state-of-the-art spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques,and for simulations employing modern quantum theoretical methods.The unmatched high complementarity and comparability of experiment and theory in the case of gas-phase investigations bear an enormous potential in providing insights in the reactions of CO_(2)activation at the atomic level.In all of these examples,the reduction and bending of the inert neutral CO_(2)molecule is the critical step determined by the frontier orbitals of reaction participants.Based on the results and outlook summarized in this review,we anticipate that studies of gas-phase CO_(2)activations will be an avenue rich with opportunities for the rational design of novel catalysts based on the knowledge obtained on the atomic level.

The structure optimization of gas-phase surface discharge and its application for dye degradation

A gas-phase surface discharge（GSD）was employed to optimize the discharge reactor structure and investigate the dye degradation.A dye mixture of methylene blue,acid orange and methyl orange was used as a model pollutant.The results indicated that the reactor structure of the GSD system with the ratio of tube inner surface area and volume of 2.48,screw pitch between a high-voltage electrode of 9.7 mm,high-voltage electrode wire diameter of 0.8 mm,dielectric tube thickness of2.0 mm and tube inner diameter of 16.13 mm presented a better ozone（O_3）generation efficiency.Furthermore,a larger screw pitch and smaller wire diameter enhanced the O_3generation.After the dye mixture degradation by the optimized GSD system,73.21%and 50.74%of the chemical oxygen demand（COD）and total organic carbon removal rate were achieved within 20 min,respectively,and the biochemical oxygen demand（BOD）and biodegradability（BOD/COD）improved.

Pore throat structure heterogeneity and its effect on gas-phase seepage capacity in tight sandstone reservoirs:A case study from the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin

The microscopic heterogeneity of pore-throat structures in tight sandstone is a crucial parameter for understanding the transport mechanism of fluid flow.In this work,we firstly developed the new procedure to characterize the pore size distribution(PSD)and throat size distribution(TSD)by combining the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),cast thin section(CTS),and constant-rate mercury injection(CRMI)tests,and used the permeability estimated model to verify the full-scale PSD and TSD.Then,we respectively analyzed the fractal feature of the pore and throat,and characterized the heterogeneity of pores and throats.Finally,we elaborated the effect of the pore and throat heterogeneity on the gas-phase seepage capacity base on the analysis of the simple capillary tube model and gas-flooding experiment.The results showed that(1)The PSD and TSD of the tight sandstone sample ranged from 0.01 to 10 mm and from 0.1 to 57 mm,respectively,mainly contributed by the micropores and mesopores.Meanwhile,the permeability estimated by the PSD and TSD was consistent with the experimental permeability,and relative error was lower than 8%.(2)The PSD and TSD exhibited multifractal characteristics,and singularity strength range,Δα,could be used as the indicator for characterizing the heterogeneity of pore and throat.Furthermore,the throat of the sample showed stronger heterogeneity than that the pore.(3)The throats played an important role for the fluid transport in the tight sandstone,and the effect of the throat heterogeneity on the gas-phase seepage capacity was different under the lower and higher injection pressure.The macropores and micropores maybe respectively become the preferential migration pathways at the lower and higher injection pressure.In the end,the identification plate was established in our paper,and could be described the relationship among the throat heterogeneity,injection pressure,permeability and flow path of the gas phase in the tight sandstone.

A Condensed Gas-Phase Chemical Model and Its Application

Using the 'lumped mechanism' and 'counting species' methods, we developed a condensed gas-phase chemical model based on a simplified one. The modified quasi-steady-state approximation (QSSA) scheme and the error redistribution mass conservation technique are adopted to solve the atmospheric chemistry kinetic equations. Results show that the condensed model can well simulate concentration variations of gas species such as SO2, NOX, O-3, H2O2 and conversion rates of SO2 and NOX transformation to H2SO4 and HNO3. These results are in good agreement with those from the simplified model. The conversion rates of SO2 and NOX under different initial concentrations and meteorological conditions are computed, and the results can be directly applied to regional acid deposition model.

NOX -Catalyzed Gas-Phase Activation of Methane: the Formation of Hydrogen

NO_x-catalyzed oxidation of methane without a solid catalyst wasinvestigated, and a hydrogen selectivity of 27% was obtained with an overall methane conversion of34% and a free O_2 concentration of 1.7% at 700℃.

Constraints on Characteristics and Distribution of Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Using Broad-Band Processing of Three-Dimensional Seismic Data

Gas hydrate drilling expeditions in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea,have identified concentrated gas hydrates with variable thickness.Moreover,free gas and the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas have been confirmed by logging,coring,and production tests in the foraminifera-rich silty sediments with complex bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs).The broad-band processing is conducted on conventional three-dimensional(3D)seismic data to improve the image and detection accuracy of gas hydratebearing layers and delineate the saturation and thickness of gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing sediments.Several geophysical attributes extracted along the base of the gas hydrate stability zone are used to demonstrate the variable distribution and the controlling factors for the differential enrichment of gas hydrate.The inverted gas hydrate saturation at the production zone is over 40% with a thickness of 90 m,showing the interbedded distribution with different boundaries between gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing layers.However,the gas hydrate saturation value at the adjacent canyon is 70%,with 30-m-thick patches and linear features.The lithological and fault controls on gas hydrate and free gas distributions are demonstrated by tracing each gas hydrate-bearing layer.Moreover,the BSR depths based on broad-band reprocessed 3D seismic data not only exhibit variations due to small-scale topographic changes caused by seafloor sedimentation and erosion but also show the upward shift of BSR and the blocky distribution of the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.

Design and optimization of a greener sinomenine hydrochloride preparation process considering variations among different batches of the medicinal herb

The current methods used to industrially produce sinomenine hydrochloride involve several issues,including high solvent toxicity,long process flow,and low atomic utilization efficiency,and the greenness scores of the processes are below 65 points.To solve these problems,a new process using anisole as the extractant was proposed.Anisole exhibits high selectivity for sinomenine and can be connected to the subsequent water-washing steps.After alkalization of the medicinal material,heating extraction,water washing,and acidification crystallization were carried out.The process was modeled and optimized.The design space was constructed.The recommended operating ranges for the critical process parameters were 3.0–4.0 h for alkalization time,60.0–80.0℃ for extraction temperature,2.0–3.0(volume ratio)for washing solution amount,and 2.0–2.4 mol·L^(-1) for hydrochloric acid concentration.The new process shows good robustness because different batches of medicinal materials did not greatly impact crystal purity or sinomenine transfer rate.The sinomenine transfer rate was about 20%higher than that of industrial processes.The greenness score increased to 90 points since the novel process proposed in this research solves the problems of long process flow,high solvent toxicity,and poor atomic economy,better aligning with the concept of green chemistry.

AB INITIO STUDY ON GAS-PHASE FACTION OF Ca WITH HN_3

The reaction of Ca with HN3 has been investigated theoretically by an ah initio MO methodwith electron correlation being taken into account by second-order MLLER-PLESSET(MP2)perturbation theory Two possible product channels. CaN3+H. CaNH+N2, on the potential energysurfaces(PESs) have been examined and the reaction mechanism discussed. Values of tile HN-NZ,HN3, Ca-N3 and Ca-AH bond dissociation energy are also calculated, which are in good agreement withexperiment