Synthesis of granulated Li_(1.33)Mn_(1.67)O_(4) via two antisolvent methods for lithium adsorption from gas-produced water

Gas-produced water is an accompanying wastewater in the natural gas extraction process,and it is a potential liquid lithium resource that contains a considerable amount of lithium.This study investigated the feasibility of using manganese-based ion sieves to adsorb and extract lithium from gas-produced water.And we focused on the applicability of two different granulation methods,extrusion and droplet,in gas-produced water systems.Two types of H_(1.33)Mn_(1.67)O_(4) particles were prepared by the extrusion method(EHMO)and the droplet method(DHMO).The porosity of DHMO was much higher than that of EHMO,and the adsorption performance of DHMO increased with the decrease of binder concentration.DHMO prepared with a binder concentration of 0.14 g·ml^(-1)exhibited the best adsorption performance in gas-produced water,and the Li^(+)adsorption capacity could reach 25.14 mg·g^(-1).In gas-produced water,the adsorption equilibrium of DHMO only took 9 h,and the adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The pore diffusion model(PDM)could well describe its adsorption process.Besides,DHMO showed a great selectivity to Li^(+),and the selectivity order of DHMO in gas-produced water was Li^(+)>Ba^(2+)>>Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),Sr^(2+)>>Na^(+)>>K^(+).After 20 cycles,the Li^(+)adsorption capacity was still higher than 17.30 mg·g^(-1),and the rate of manganese dissolution was less than 1%.

Use of carbon dioxide as negative contrast agent for magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

AIM: To evaluate the effects of using CO2 as negative contrast agent in decreasing the overlapping on the pancreaticobiliary system from intestinal fluids.METHODS:We evaluated the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) images in 117 patients divided into two groups(group 1,without taking gas producing crystals to produce CO2,n=64;group 2,with CO2,n=53)in a 1.5T unit using MRCP sequence.Anatomic locations of intestinal fluids distribution,overlapping with common bile duct(CBD)and pancreatic duct(PD),were evaluated.RESULTS:In the group with CO2,the decrease in distribution of intestinal fluids was significant in the gastric antrum(P=0.001)and duodenal bulb(P<0.001),but not in the gastric fundus and body and in the second portion of the duodenum(P=1.000,P=0.171,and P=0.584 respectively).In the group with CO2,the decrease in overlapping with CBD was significant(P< 0.001),but the decrease in overlapping with PD was not (P=0.106).CONCLUSION:MRCP with carbon dioxide as negative contrast agent would decrease intestinal fluids in the gastric antrum and duodenal bulb,thereby decreasing overlapping with the CBD.