Clastic compaction unit classification based on clay content and integrated compaction recovery using well and seismic data

Compaction correction is a key part of paleogeomorphic recovery methods. Yet, the influence of lithology on the porosity evolution is not usually taken into account. Present methods merely classify the lithologies as sandstone and mudstone to undertake separate porositydepth compaction modeling. However, using just two lithologies is an oversimplification that cannot represent the compaction history. In such schemes, the precision of the compaction recovery is inadequate. To improve the precision of compaction recovery, a depth compaction model has been proposed that involves both porosity and clay content. A clastic lithological compaction unit classification method, based on clay content, has been designed to identify lithological boundaries and establish sets of compaction units. Also, on the basis of the clastic compaction unit classification, two methods of compaction recovery that integrate well and seismic data are employed to extrapolate well-based compaction information outward along seismic lines and recover the paleo-topography of the clastic strata in the region. The examples presented here show that a better understanding of paleo-geomorphology can be gained by applying the proposed compaction recovery technology.

Study of the intensive care unit activity scale in the early rehabilitation of patients after direct cardiac surgery

BACKGROUND Direct cardiac surgery often necessitates intensive post-operative care,and the intensive care unit(ICU)activity scale represents a crucial metric in assessing and guiding early rehabilitation efforts to enhance patient recovery.AIM To clarify the clinical application value of the ICU activity scale in the early recovery of patients after cardiac surgery.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients who underwent cardiac surgery between September 2020 and October 2021 were selected and divided into two groups using the random number table method.The observation group was rated using the ICU activity scale and the corresponding graded rehabilitation interventions were conducted based on the ICU activity scale.The control group was assessed in accordance with the routine rehabilitation activities,and the postoperative rehabilitation indexes of the patients in both groups were compared(time of tracheal intubation,time of ICU admission,occurrence of complications,and activity scores before ICU transfer).The two groups were compared according to postoperative rehabilitation indicators(time of tracheal intubation,length of ICU stay,and occurrence of complications)and activity scores before ICU transfer.RESULTS In the observation group,tracheal intubation time lasted for 18.30±3.28 h and ICU admission time was 4.04±0.83 d,which were significantly shorter than the control group(t-values:2.97 and 2.038,respectively,P<0.05).The observation group also had a significantly lower number of complications and adverse events compared to the control group(P<0.05).Before ICU transfer,the observation group(6.7%)had few complications and adverse events than the control group(30.0%),and this difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Additionally,the activity score was significantly higher in the observation(26.89±0.97)compared to the control groups(22.63±1.12 points)(t-value;-17.83,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Implementation of early goal-directed activities in patients who underwent cardiac surgery using the ICU activity scale can promote the recovery of cardiac function.

Discharging patients home from the intensive care unit:A new trend

Discharging patients directly to home from the intensive care unit(ICU)is becoming a new trend.This review examines the feasibility,benefits,challenges,and considerations of directly discharging ICU patients.By analyzing available evidence and healthcare professionals'experiences,the review explores the potential impacts on patient outcomes and healthcare systems.The practice of direct discharge from the ICU presents both opportunities and complexities.While it can potentially reduce costs,enhance patient comfort,and mitigate complications linked to extended hospitalization,it necessitates meticulous patient selection and robust post-discharge support mechanisms.Implementing this strategy successfully mandates the availability of home-based care services and a careful assessment of the patient's readiness for the transition.Through critical evaluation of existing literature,this review underscores the significance of tailored patient selection criteria and comprehensive post-discharge support systems to ensure patient safety and optimal recovery.The insights provided contribute evidence-based recommendations for refining the direct discharge approach,fostering improved patient outcomes,heightened satisfaction,and streamlined healthcare processes.Ultimately,the review seeks to balance patientcentered care and effective resource utilization within ICU discharge strategies.

Commercial Application of the RAR Sulfur Recovery and Tail Gas Treating Process

The 40kt/a sulfur recovery unit for tail gas treating applying the reduction-absorption-recycling (RAR) technology is aimed at regeneration of the rich amine solution and recovery of sulfur to operate in tandem with the 1.2Mt/a diesel hydrofining unit. The process unit calibration data have revealed that the recovery of total sulfur reaches 99.86%, which is 6.65 percentage points higher than that before application of the RAR technology. The SO2 content in vented tail gas is 0.27 t/d, which is much less than the latest emission standard prescribed by the State. The factors that can affect the unit operation have been analyzed and corresponding measures have been suggested including the necessity to improve the control over the reaction temperature in the tail gas hydrogenation unit.

Preoperative Gabapentin Dosage Relationship to Length of Stay in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit in Patients Undergoing Pelvic and Breast Surgery

Background: Gabapentin is routinely prescribed preoperatively to decrease postoperative pain intensity. It is included in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) recommendations. Objective: To analyze correlation of gabapentin dosage and post anesthesia care unit (PACU) length of stay (LOS) and cost. Study Design: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent general anesthesia and received preoperative oral gabapentin from June 2017 to August 2017 for pelvic and breast procedures. The main outcome was correlation between PACU LOS and gabapentin dosage in the outpatients. Financial analysis was performed to assess the cost to the hospital associated with increased LOS. Results: Of the 636 patients, 405 patients received 300 mg and 231 patients received 100 mg gabapentin. Mean dosage per kg (mg/kg ± SD) was 3.12 ± 1.51 (range: 0.86 to 6.12). PACU LOS was 96 ± 77 (minutes ± SD) in patients receiving 100 mg and 120 ± 96 in patients receiving 300 mg capsule (p = 0.001). Linear regression analysis, failed to show a statistically significant correlation between per kg dosage and PACU LOS (p = 0.13). Using multiple regression analysis, we calculated the correlation coefficient to be +1.71 minutes per 1mg/kg gabapentin (95% CI: -3.75 to +7.10, p = 0.54) after adjusting for confounders. Adding 3 mg/kg to pre-op gabapentin dosage of all outpatients cost on average, an extra $9794 per month in this cohort. Conclusion: Every 1mg/kg increase in gabapentin dosage adds an estimated 7.1 minutes to PACU LOS. A 3 mg/kg increase in gabapentin adds estimated 22 additional minutes in PACU LOS. Unfortunately, increase LOS is associated with increased hospital costs.

麻醉重症监护室是践行围术期医学的重要平台

近年来随着我国人口老龄化、疾病谱的改变和外科技术的发展,进行手术治疗的高危患者逐渐增加。而麻醉科医师传统的围麻醉期工作方式已不能满足现代医学发展的需求。麻醉学科正通过发挥自身的学科优势逐渐向围术期医学转变。麻醉重症监护室(AICU)是为围术期危重症患者提供复苏、监护和救治等麻醉医疗服务的场所,也是践行围术期医学的重要平台。本文将阐述建设发展AICU的必要性和学科优势,为手术患者围术期优质管理提供参考。

水冷冷水机组热回收的节能分析

本文首先介绍了夏热冬暖地区生活热水系统常用的三种热水供给方案,并对其所用的热源机组进行能效分析及能耗分析,把空调制冷与生活热水作为一个整体,具体计算了三种方案热源机组的单位制热量耗电指标,这一指标的计算结果表明了回收水冷冷水机组的冷凝余热用于生活热水系统节能效果明显,且在此基础上推导出不同环境温度下运行经济性最佳的水冷冷水机组热回收温度,进而通过工程实例广东佛山某酒店项目的生活热水系统热源机组年能耗计算佐证之。本文量化分析了水冷冷水机组热回收的节能效果以及热回收温度对节能效果的影响,以期为水冷冷水机组热回收的应用及运行提供有益的参考和指导。

论跨境腐败资产直接追回之民事诉讼——以《联合国反腐败公约》第53条为中心

《联合国反腐败公约》第53条规定了缔约国可以通过提起民事诉讼的方式直接追回腐败资产。一系列国际公约和一些国家的国内立法都承认国家作为民事主体的诉讼权利。在直接追回腐败资产的民事诉讼中,受贿者、行贿者以及中间人都有可能成为被告。资产追回行动具有许多独特的挑战,资产追回律师应具备一定的政治头脑和会计、金融、法律等领域知识。起诉地点的选择主要受腐败所得资产所在地的影响。就诉讼的类型而言,主要有所有权诉讼和索赔诉讼两类。资产民事追回案件中的调查措施,有前期披露、禁言令和单方搜查令等;临时资产保全措施,如限制令、冻结令或扣押令等。

大型硫回收装置多功能CO变换加氢催化剂应用总结

普光气田是国内成功开发的首个高含硫气田,原料气(天然气)碳硫比高,再生酸性气CO_(2)含量高,会反应生成CO继而生成COS、CS_(2)等有机物,成为影响装置达标排放的关键因素之一。研究开发了具有CO变换功能的克劳斯尾气加氢催化剂,并成功应用于中国石化中原油田普光气田天然气净化厂200 kt/a硫回收装置。工业应用结果表明:加氢反应器过程气CO变换率超过90%,在线炉制氢天然气消耗量减少279 m^(3)/h,催化剂加氢转化率、有机硫水解率均超过99%,烟气SO_(2)排放浓度降至200 mg/m^(3)以下,CO排放浓度降低了90%,效益显著。

前置暖风器电站锅炉烟气余热回收系统多参数设计与变工况运行策略

针对前置暖风器烟气余热回收系统,建立了多参数设计优化与变工况特性计算模型,开展了系统的多参数优化,并提出了运行参数控制策略。结果表明:多参数优化后系统在设计工况下的节煤率为3.67 g/(kW·h);多参数优化后的系统在变工况下虽能保持较高的节煤率,但系统的安全性受到环境温度和负荷的严重制约;采用所提出的控制策略可使系统在100%额定负荷下,安全运行的环境温度下限从24℃扩展至-3℃,显著提高了系统优化的综合效果。

重型燃气轮机联合循环机组三压再热余热锅炉动态建模及运行规律研究

针对燃气轮机联合循环机组三压再热余热锅炉的动态运行特性,使用Modelica开源编程语言搭建了余热锅炉仿真模型,并与电厂实际调峰过程运行数据及Thermoflow商业软件仿真结果进行对比和验证。在实际运行工况下,从满负荷降至低负荷后稳态运行、再从低负荷升至满负荷、机组停机和边界参数扰动的动态过程中,所建模型均能较为准确地预测余热锅炉主要参数的动态响应规律。随着机组负荷从320 MW降低至280 MW,汽轮机功率从124.0 MW降至111.5 MW;高压主蒸汽流量从70.12 kg/s减至63.62 kg/s;高压主蒸汽压力从8250 k Pa降至7612 k Pa;余热锅炉入口烟气参数在约300 s的时间内随机组负荷变化,但是余热锅炉蒸汽参数需要约600s完成动态响应达到低负荷下的稳态,说明余热锅炉蒸汽参数相对于燃气轮机排烟参数随时间变化有一定滞后。在机组停机的动态过程中,汽轮机功率从130.4MW下降到5.4MW,余热锅炉高压主蒸汽温度从600.1℃降低到224.5℃,高压主蒸汽流量从76.1 kg/s减小到15.3 kg/s。

不同频次唤醒护理对全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后患者苏醒效果的影响

目的探讨不同频次的唤醒护理对全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后带气管导管转入麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)患者苏醒效果的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后带气管导管转入气管导管观察的116例患者为研究对象,探讨不同频次(试验组A每5分钟、试验组B每10分钟、对照组等待患者自然苏醒)的唤醒护理对气管导管拔管时间、拔管后苏醒时间、总苏醒时间、拔管时呛咳反应、苏醒期躁动、拔管成功率、拔管后低氧血症和平均动脉压波动发生率的影响。结果气管导管拔管时间三组比较差异有统计学意义,试验组A和试验组B显著短于对照组(均P<0.05);试验组A与试验组B差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。拔管后苏醒时间三组比较差异有统计学意义,试验组A显著长于对照组(P<0.05)。总苏醒时间三组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组气管导管拔管成功率和拔管后低氧血症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组A和试验组B拔管时呛咳反应、苏醒期躁动程度和拔管后平均动脉压波动发生率明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论5 min和10 min频次的唤醒护理均能有效减少全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后患者在气管导管机械通气时间,降低拔管时呛咳反应和苏醒期躁动严重度,有利于维持拔管时血流动力学稳定,提高苏醒质量。

硫回收装置余热锅炉铵盐结晶腐蚀机理研究

针对某公司硫回收装置余热锅炉在运行过程中出现了大范围的结晶现象、给装置带来了流道沉积堵塞和设备腐蚀泄漏等严重问题,重点研究结晶对设备的腐蚀机理。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别测定了结晶样品的微观结构、元素分布和物相组成。结果表明,结晶样品的微观结构呈现平滑致密和粗糙多孔两种形态,晶粒尺寸在20~50μm;所含元素种类主要有N,O,S,Fe,C,其中余热锅炉列管内结晶底面Fe含量达到了35%,说明沉积结晶对设备有较强的腐蚀作用;主要物相组成为NH_(4)HSO_(4),(NH4)_(2)SO_(4),(NH_(4))_(3)H(SO_(4))_(2)等铵盐;制硫尾气中含有的NH3是结晶形成的根本原因。此外,对不同区域的腐蚀过程进行了详细阐述,为该装置同类问题的研究和解决提供参考。

一种绿色勘察钻探泥浆回收装置的研究

环境保护是人类生存和发展不可避开的话题。随着城市发展速度加快,传统的城市勘察方式留下的泥浆池不仅造成污染,且影响市容市貌。通过提出一种绿色勘察岩芯钻探泥浆回收装置的概念,设计一种泥浆回收装置,起到泥浆不与土壤接触和封闭运行不使粉尘扩散的作用,最后统一集中回收处理,并为旋挖桩施工等类似工作提供一种解决环境保护的思路。

考虑容量差异的多储能SOC均衡控制策略

孤岛式直流微电网系统需要配置多组DESUs,以应对不同的负荷需求和能源波动。考虑DESUs具有不同容量时,由于线路中阻抗不匹配,SOC均衡效果受到严重影响,为此,提出一种考虑不同容量的多储能SOC均衡控制策略。首先,通过含加速因子的指数函数建立SOC与下垂系数之间的关系,提升下垂系数对SOC均衡后期变化的灵敏性,实现下垂系数的自适应调节。各DESU仅通过稀疏通信网络与邻居节点交换状态信息,并采用动态一致性算法获取全局平均状态信息。设计一种多目标控制器,其能够在补偿母线电压跌落的同时实现负荷功率的准确分配,消除不匹配线阻的影响,减少控制流程,减轻系统通信负担。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建了仿真模型,并在各种复杂工况下证实了所提控制策略的有效性。

烧结冷却烟气低温余热ORC系统建模与热经济性能

本文以烧结冷却烟气低温余热为有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)系统热源,建立超临界ORC系统热力和经济模型,并选取R134a为ORC工质,研究变温热源下膨胀机的进口温度和压力,以及工质冷凝温度对系统热经济性能的影响。研究结果表明:系统净输出功随膨胀机进口温度的增加而增加,随膨胀机进口压力和工质冷凝温度的增加而减小,但系统单位温度的传热量随之均减小。当系统热力参数一定时,热源进口温度越大,系统净输出功和单位温度的传热量越大。在实际操作过程中,存在适宜的热源进口温度和系统热力参数使得ORC系统获得较大的净输出功和较小的单位温度传热量。

吸收式溴化锂机组回收蒸汽凝液余热制冷技术改造分析

介绍了余热回收溴化锂制冷机组的工作原理,针对鑫润公司60万t/a草酸技改乙二醇装置存在的1.0 MPa(G)蒸汽冷凝液大量直排、所含余热未进行利用的问题,进行了技术改造,即在乙二醇冷冻站新增吸收式溴化锂制冷机组系统,利用凝液余热制取冷冻水。改造后,热能浪费问题得到了有效解决,每年可节约电能2740.53万kW·h,相当于节约标准煤3368.11 t、减少CO_(2)排放量15629.24 t。

大型天然气净化厂硫磺回收装置二氧化硫控制技术研究

硫磺回收装置是化工企业处理酸性气的关键装置,也是控制尾气二氧化硫的重要环节。以西南地区2个特大化工企业为例,介绍硫磺回收装置的工艺流程,对比分析其技术特点,梳理2017—2022年相关文献,分析得出硫磺回收装置二氧化硫控制措施,从参数优化、材质升级、应急处置培训3个方面提出攻关方向。结果表明:控制酸性气与燃烧空气比值稳定是工艺调整主攻方向,液硫池废气治理改造减排效果显著,并在行业内逐步推广。

煤化工项目硫回收装置建筑设计要点

本文总结了煤化工项目中硫回收装置生产特点,从生产流程入手,分析生产物料特性,确定设计重点。对各工段主要建构筑物逐个分析,总结建筑防火、防爆、防腐、防渗等建筑设计要点,给出设备布置及建筑物典型平剖面示例,以及设计、施工、验收等建设过程中可能碰到的问题。本文着重介绍液硫池的防腐设计、施工要点及运行维护注意事项。本文可帮助建筑专业设计人员迅速掌握硫回收装置设计要点,同时对主导专业设备布置起到辅助作用,为硫回收项目建设到投产全过程提供参考。

原发性肝癌患者行腹腔镜下微创术后重症监护室内精细化护理策略的构建及应用效果

目的构建原发性肝癌患者行腹腔镜下微创术后重症监护室(ICU)内精细化护理策略,并探究应用效果。方法选取2019年7月至2023年6月于山东大学齐鲁医院行腹腔镜下微创术治疗的150例原发性肝癌患者作为研究对象,采取随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组75例。对照组于术后ICU内实施常规护理,观察组于术后ICU内构建并实施精细化护理策略。比较2组的术后康复情况。结果观察组的术后康复时间均早于对照组,护理满意度评分高于对照组,并发症总发生率低于对照组(P均<0.05)。术后1 d和出院前,2组的血清总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平均高于术前1 d,但出院前上述指标均低于术后1 d(P均<0.05);与同期对照组比较,观察组均更低(P均<0.05)。术后3 d和出院前,2组的视觉模拟评分法评分均比术后1 d更低,欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织癌症患者生活质量问卷评分均比术后1 d更高,且出院前的上述评分均比术后3 d更优(P均<0.05);与同期对照组比较,观察组均更优(P均<0.05)。结论构建并实施原发性肝癌患者在行腹腔镜下微创术后ICU住院期间的精细化护理策略,有助于缩短患者的术后康复时间,改善其肝功能和生活质量,缓解疼痛感,降低腹腔感染等并发症发生率。