E-T or log p-1/T diagrams showing the influence of temperature and pressure in a gaseous phase were presented in par tⅠof the overview.I n partⅡ,the relationship between E-T and Kellogg diagrams or between E-T and E...E-T or log p-1/T diagrams showing the influence of temperature and pressure in a gaseous phase were presented in par tⅠof the overview.I n partⅡ,the relationship between E-T and Kellogg diagrams or between E-T and E-pH diagrams is discussed.E-T diagrams cover larger field of application than the other two.The practical use of E-T or log p-1/T diagrams is also investigated,which includes:the calculation of polycomponent equilibria in a gaseous phase,the prediction of cor rosion products,the interpretation of catalytic mechanism,the exploration for the possibility of producing aluminum with carbothermic method,etc.The limitation of this kind of diagrams is also discussed.展开更多
Research interests have recently been directed towards electrical discharges in multi-phase environments.Natural electrical discharges,such as lightning and coronas,occur in the Earth＇s atmosphere,which is actually a...Research interests have recently been directed towards electrical discharges in multi-phase environments.Natural electrical discharges,such as lightning and coronas,occur in the Earth＇s atmosphere,which is actually a mixture of gaseous phase（air） and suspended solid and liquid particulate matters（PMs）.An example of an anthropogenic gaseous multi-phase environment is the flow of flue gas through electrostatic precipitators（ESPs）,which are generally regarded as a mixture of a post-combustion gas with solid PM and microdroplets suspended in it.Electrical discharges in multi-phase environments,the knowledge of which is scarce,are becoming an attractive research subject,offering a wide variety of possible discharges and multi-phase environments to be studied.This paper is an introduction to electrical discharges in multi-phase environments.It is focused on DC negative coronas and accompanying electrohydrodynamic（EHD） flows in a gaseous two-phase fluid formed by air（a gaseous phase） and solid PM（a solid phase）,run under laboratory conditions.The introduction is based on a review of the relevant literature.Two cases will be considered：the first case is of a gaseous two-phase fluid,initially motionless in a closed chamber before being subjected to a negative corona（with the needle-toplate electrode arrangement）,which afterwards induces an EHD flow in the chamber,and the second,of a gaseous two-phase fluid flowing transversely with respect to the needle-to-plate electrode axis along a chamber with a corona discharge running between the electrodes.This review-based introductory paper should be of interest to theoretical researchers and modellers in the field of negative corona discharges in single-or two-phase fluids,and for engineers who work on designing EHD devices（such as ESPs,EHD pumps,and smoke detectors）.展开更多
As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospher...As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric amines in both gaseous and particulate phases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The amine samples were collected with and without phosphoric acid filters,followed by derivatization with benzenesulfonyl chloride under alkaline condition prior to GC-MS analysis.Furthermore,the method was optimized and validated for determining 14 standard amines.The detection limits ranged from0.0408-0.421μg/mL(for gaseous samples)and 0.163-1.69μg/mL(for particulate samples),respectively.The obtained recoveries ranged from 68.8%-180%and the relative standard deviation was less than 30%,indicating high precision and good reliability of the method.Seven amines were simultaneously detected in gaseous and particulate samples in an industrial park using the developed method successfully.Methylamine,dimethylamine and diethylamine together accounted for 76.7%and 75.6%of particulate and gaseous samples,respectively.By comparing the measured and predicted values of gas-particle partition fractions,it was found that absorption process of aqueous phase played a more important role in the gas-partition of amines than physical adsorption.Moreover,the reaction between unprotonated amines and acid(aq.)in water phase likely promoted water absorption.Higher measured partition fraction of dibutylamine was likely due to the reaction with gaseous HCl.The developed method would help provide a deeper understanding of gas-particle partitioning as well as atmospheric evolution of amines.展开更多
为了对水下固体火箭发动机典型具有相变过程的复杂流动问题进行研究,本文依据水-蒸汽相变的热力学原理,建立了蒸发-冷凝过程的判别标准,设计了一种解决水下超音速燃气射流复杂相变过程的计算模型。根据VOF(volume of fluid)模型原理,通...为了对水下固体火箭发动机典型具有相变过程的复杂流动问题进行研究,本文依据水-蒸汽相变的热力学原理,建立了蒸发-冷凝过程的判别标准,设计了一种解决水下超音速燃气射流复杂相变过程的计算模型。根据VOF(volume of fluid)模型原理,通过对基本方程的源项进行修改实现了相变的数值传质、传热过程。经过实验与数值模拟结果的对比分析,验证了该计算模型仿真结果的可行性和可信度,运用该模型完成了典型工况的水下高温、高速燃气射流问题中相变过程的仿真计算,并对其过程进行了分析。仿真结果表明:该模型对解决复杂工况下的相变为题具有很好的适用性,可以为相应的工程问题提供很好的帮助。展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province.
文摘E-T or log p-1/T diagrams showing the influence of temperature and pressure in a gaseous phase were presented in par tⅠof the overview.I n partⅡ,the relationship between E-T and Kellogg diagrams or between E-T and E-pH diagrams is discussed.E-T diagrams cover larger field of application than the other two.The practical use of E-T or log p-1/T diagrams is also investigated,which includes:the calculation of polycomponent equilibria in a gaseous phase,the prediction of cor rosion products,the interpretation of catalytic mechanism,the exploration for the possibility of producing aluminum with carbothermic method,etc.The limitation of this kind of diagrams is also discussed.
基金supported by the National Science Centre(Grant No.UMO-2013/09/B/ST8/02054)
文摘Research interests have recently been directed towards electrical discharges in multi-phase environments.Natural electrical discharges,such as lightning and coronas,occur in the Earth＇s atmosphere,which is actually a mixture of gaseous phase（air） and suspended solid and liquid particulate matters（PMs）.An example of an anthropogenic gaseous multi-phase environment is the flow of flue gas through electrostatic precipitators（ESPs）,which are generally regarded as a mixture of a post-combustion gas with solid PM and microdroplets suspended in it.Electrical discharges in multi-phase environments,the knowledge of which is scarce,are becoming an attractive research subject,offering a wide variety of possible discharges and multi-phase environments to be studied.This paper is an introduction to electrical discharges in multi-phase environments.It is focused on DC negative coronas and accompanying electrohydrodynamic（EHD） flows in a gaseous two-phase fluid formed by air（a gaseous phase） and solid PM（a solid phase）,run under laboratory conditions.The introduction is based on a review of the relevant literature.Two cases will be considered：the first case is of a gaseous two-phase fluid,initially motionless in a closed chamber before being subjected to a negative corona（with the needle-toplate electrode arrangement）,which afterwards induces an EHD flow in the chamber,and the second,of a gaseous two-phase fluid flowing transversely with respect to the needle-to-plate electrode axis along a chamber with a corona discharge running between the electrodes.This review-based introductory paper should be of interest to theoretical researchers and modellers in the field of negative corona discharges in single-or two-phase fluids,and for engineers who work on designing EHD devices（such as ESPs,EHD pumps,and smoke detectors）.
基金supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42020104001 and 41805103)Local Innovative and Research Team Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2017BT01Z032)the Fund from Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(No.1922009)
文摘As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric amines in both gaseous and particulate phases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The amine samples were collected with and without phosphoric acid filters,followed by derivatization with benzenesulfonyl chloride under alkaline condition prior to GC-MS analysis.Furthermore,the method was optimized and validated for determining 14 standard amines.The detection limits ranged from0.0408-0.421μg/mL(for gaseous samples)and 0.163-1.69μg/mL(for particulate samples),respectively.The obtained recoveries ranged from 68.8%-180%and the relative standard deviation was less than 30%,indicating high precision and good reliability of the method.Seven amines were simultaneously detected in gaseous and particulate samples in an industrial park using the developed method successfully.Methylamine,dimethylamine and diethylamine together accounted for 76.7%and 75.6%of particulate and gaseous samples,respectively.By comparing the measured and predicted values of gas-particle partition fractions,it was found that absorption process of aqueous phase played a more important role in the gas-partition of amines than physical adsorption.Moreover,the reaction between unprotonated amines and acid(aq.)in water phase likely promoted water absorption.Higher measured partition fraction of dibutylamine was likely due to the reaction with gaseous HCl.The developed method would help provide a deeper understanding of gas-particle partitioning as well as atmospheric evolution of amines.
文摘为了对水下固体火箭发动机典型具有相变过程的复杂流动问题进行研究,本文依据水-蒸汽相变的热力学原理,建立了蒸发-冷凝过程的判别标准,设计了一种解决水下超音速燃气射流复杂相变过程的计算模型。根据VOF(volume of fluid)模型原理,通过对基本方程的源项进行修改实现了相变的数值传质、传热过程。经过实验与数值模拟结果的对比分析,验证了该计算模型仿真结果的可行性和可信度,运用该模型完成了典型工况的水下高温、高速燃气射流问题中相变过程的仿真计算,并对其过程进行了分析。仿真结果表明:该模型对解决复杂工况下的相变为题具有很好的适用性,可以为相应的工程问题提供很好的帮助。
