Colonoscopy plays an important role in detecting colorectal neoplasms in patients with gastric neoplasms

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)and colorectal cancer(CRC)are the fifth and third most common cancer worldwide,respectively.Nowadays,GC is reported to have a potential predictive value for CRC,especially for advanced CRC.AIM To evaluate the necessity of colonoscopy for gastric neoplasm(GN)patients.METHODS Four databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,and Ovid,were used to perform the search strategy on May 2,2023.The prevalence of colorectal neoplasms(CRN)and baseline characteristics were compared between the neoplasm group and the control group.Continuous variables are expressed as the mean difference and standard deviation.Relationships of categorical variables in the two groups are expressed as odds ratios(OR)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).Subgroup analysis according to different kinds of GNs was conducted for more in-depth analysis.The results of this study are represented by forest plots.Publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot.All data analyses were performed by STATA SE 16.0 software.RESULTS A total of 3018 patients with GNs and 3905 healthy controls(age and sex matched)were enrolled for analysis.After comparing the prevalence of CRNs between the two groups,CRNs were detected significantly more frequently in GN patients than in controls(OR=1.69,95%CI=1.28 to 2.23,I^(2)=85.12%,P=0.00),especially in patients with GC(OR=1.80,95%CI=1.49 to 2.18,I^(2)=25.55%,P<0.1).Moreover,other risk factors including age(OR=1.08,95%CI=1.00 to 1.17,I^(2)=90.13%,P=0.00)and male sex(OR=2.31,95%CI=1.26 to 4.22,I^(2)=87.35%,P=0.00),were related to the prevalence of CRNs.For patients in the GN group,body mass index(BMI,OR=0.88,95%CI=0.80 to 0.98,I^(2)=0.00%,P=0.92)and smoking(OR=1.03,95%CI=1.01 to 1.05,I^(2)=0.00%,P=0.57)were protective and risk factors for CRNs,respectively.CONCLUSION Patients are recommended to undergo colonoscopy when diagnosed with GNs,especially GC patients with a low BMI and a history of smoking.

Recent advances in endoscopic management of gastric neoplasms

The development and clinical application of new diagnostic endoscopic technologies such as endoscopic ultrasonography with biopsy,magnification endoscopy,and narrow-band imaging,more recently supplemented by artificial intelligence,have enabled wider recognition and detection of various gastric neoplasms including early gastric cancer(EGC)and subepithelial tumors,such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors and neuroendocrine tumors.Over the last decade,the evolution of novel advanced therapeutic endoscopic techniques,such as endoscopic mucosal resection,endoscopic submucosal dissection,endoscopic fullthickness resection,and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection,along with the advent of a broad array of endoscopic accessories,has provided a promising and yet less invasive strategy for treating gastric neoplasms with the advantage of a reduced need for gastric surgery.Thus,the management algorithms of various gastric tumors in a defined subset of the patient population at low risk of lymph node metastasis and amenable to endoscopic resection,may require revision considering upcoming data given the high success rate of en bloc resection by experienced endoscopists.Moreover,endoscopic surveillance protocols for precancerous gastric lesions will continue to be refined by systematic reviews and meta-analyses of further research.However,the lack of familiarity with subtle endoscopic changes associated with EGC,as well as longer procedural time,evolving resection techniques and tools,a steep learning curve of such high-risk procedures,and lack of coding are issues that do not appeal to many gastroenterologists in the field.This review summarizes recent advances in the endoscopic management of gastric neoplasms,with special emphasis on diagnostic and therapeutic methods and their future prospects.

Efficacy and safety of 0.4 percent sodium hyaluronate for endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric neoplasms

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium hyaluronate solution(SH) in endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) of gastric neoplasms.METHODS:A prospective multicenter randomized,double blind,controlled trial was designed and utilized in this study.A total of 76 patients with 5-20 mm sized gastric neoplasms were enrolled at three academic hospitals in South Korea from June 2011 to October 2011.Patients were randomly assigned to the 0.4% sodium hyaluronate or control groups.All lesions underwent endoscopic ESD.ESD was performed with 0.4%SH and normal saline(NS) solution for submucosal injection.Efficacy was assessed using en bloc resection and the number of additional injections.Secondary evaluation variables were the volume of injection material,steepness of mucosal elevation,bleeding rate,procedural time and operator satisfaction.Finally,the safety was assessed by analyzing adverse events during the study.RESULTS:The usefulness rate in the 0.4%SH group and the controlled group had statistically significant difference under intention to treat(ITT) analysis(90.91% vs 61.11% P = 0.0041).Under per protocol(PP),the usefulness rate is statistically significant different(93.10% vs 61.76%,P = 0.0036).The difference in volume of the solution injected between 0.4%SH group and the controlled group and NS group was also statistically significant under intention to treat and per protocol analysis(ITT:0.03 ± 0.02 mL vs 0.06 ± 0.03 mL,P = 0.0003,PP:0.03 ± 0.02 mL vs 0.06 ± 0.03 mL,P = 0.0004).Satisfaction above the grade good was significantly higher in the SH group under intention to treat and per protocol analysis(ITT:90.91% vs 61.11%,P = 0.0041,PP = 93.11% vs 61.77%,P = 0.0022).Adverse events above grade 3 were not noticed in either group.All adverse events were treated and were judged as not associated with the submucosal injection solutions.CONCLUSION:0.4%SH solution is a safe and effective agent that doesn't cause any significant adverse events and is useful for submucosal injection during ESD.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 232 patients with poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms

BACKGROUND Poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms(PDGNENs)include gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma,which are highly malignant and rare tumors,and their incidence has increased over the past few decades.However,the clinicopathological features and outcomes of patients with PDGNENs have not been completely elucidated.AIM To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with PDGNENs.METHODS The data from seven centers in China from March 2007 to November 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Among the 232 patients with PDGNENs,191(82.3%)were male,with an average age of 62.83±9.11 years.One hundred and thirteen(49.34%)of 229 patients had a stage III disease and 86(37.55%)had stage IV disease.Three(1.58%)of 190 patients had no clinical symptoms,while 187(98.42%)patients presented clinical symptoms.The tumors were mainly(89.17%)solitary and located in the upper third of the stomach(cardia and fundus of stomach:115/215,53.49%).Most lesions were ulcers(157/232,67.67%),with an average diameter of 4.66±2.77 cm.In terms of tumor invasion,the majority of tumors invaded the serosa(116/198,58.58%).The median survival time of the 232 patients was 13.50 mo(7,31 mo),and the overall 1-year,3-year,and 5-year survival rates were 49%,19%,and 5%,respectively.According to univariate analysis,tumor number,tumor diameter,gastric invasion status,American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)stage,and distant metastasis status were prognostic factors for patients with PDGNENs.Multivariate analysis showed that tumor number,tumor diameter,AJCC stage,and distant metastasis status were independent prognostic factors for patients with PDGNENs.CONCLUSION The overall prognosis of patients with PDGNENs is poor.The outcomes of patients with a tumor diameter>5 cm,multiple tumors,and stage IV tumors are worse than those of other patients.

Secondary endoscopic submucosal dissection for locally recurrent or incompletely resected gastric neoplasms

AIM To investigate the feasibility and safety of secondary endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) for residual or locally recurrent gastric tumors. METHODS Between 2010 and 2017, 1623 consecutive patients underwent ESD for gastric neoplasms at a single tertiary referral center. Among these, 28 patients underwent secondary ESD for a residual or locally recurrent tumor. Our analysis compared clinicopathologic factors between primary ESD and secondary ESD groups. RESULTS The en bloc resection and curative rate of resection of secondary ESD were 92.9% and 89.3%, respectively. The average procedure time of secondary ESD was significantly longer than primary ESD(78.2 min vs 55.1 min, P = 0.004), and the adverse events rate was not significantly different but trended slightly higher in the secondary ESD group compared to the primary ESD group(10.7% vs 3.8%, P = 0.095). Patients who received secondary ESD had favorable outcomes without severe adverse events. During a mean follow-up period, no local recurrence occurred in patients who received secondary ESD. CONCLUSION Secondary ESD of residual or locally recurrent gastric tumors appears to be a feasible and curative treatment though it requires greater technical efficiency and longer procedure time.

Clinical importance of colonoscopy in patients with gastric neoplasm undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM To evaluate the usefulness of total colonoscopy(TCS) for patients undergoing gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and to assess risk factors for colorectal neoplasms.METHODS Of the 263 patients who underwent ESD at our department between May 2010 and December 2013, 172 patients undergoing TCS during a one-year period before and after ESD were targeted. After excluding patients with a history of surgery or endoscopic therapy for colorectal neoplasms, 158 patients were analyzed. Of the 868 asymptomatic patients who underwent TCS during the same period because of positive fecal immunochemical test(FIT) results, 158 patients with no history of either surgery or endoscopic therapy for colorectal neoplasms who were matched for age and sex served as the control group for comparison.RESULTS TCS revealed adenoma less than 10 mm in 53 patients(33.6%), advanced adenoma in 17(10.8%), early colorectal cancer in 5(3.2%), and advanced colorectalcancer in 4(2.5%). When the presence or absence of adenoma less than 10 mm, advanced adenoma, and colorectal cancer and the number of adenomas were compared between patients undergoing ESD and FITpositive patients, there were no statistically significant differences in any of the parameters assessed. The patients undergoing ESD appeared to have the same risk of colorectal neoplasms as the FIT-positive patients. Colorectal neoplasms were clearly more common in men than in women(P = 0.031). Advanced adenoma and cancer were significantly more frequent in patients with at least two of the following conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus(P = 0.019).CONCLUSION In patients undergoing gastric ESD, TCS appears to be important for detecting synchronous double neoplasms. Advanced adenoma and cancer were more common in patients with at least two of the following conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Caution is therefore especially warranted in patients with these risk factors.

Usefulness of artificial intelligence in gastric neoplasms

Recently,studies in many medical fields have reported that image analysis based on artificial intelligence(AI)can be used to analyze structures or features that are difficult to identify with human eyes.To diagnose early gastric cancer,related efforts such as narrow-band imaging technology are on-going.However,diagnosis is often difficult.Therefore,a diagnostic method based on AI for endoscopic imaging was developed and its effectiveness was confirmed in many studies.The gastric cancer diagnostic program based on AI showed relatively high diagnostic accuracy and could differentially diagnose non-neoplastic lesions including benign gastric ulcers and dysplasia.An AI system has also been developed that helps to predict the invasion depth of gastric cancer through endoscopic images and observe the stomach during endoscopy without blind spots.Therefore,if AI is used in the field of endoscopy,it is expected to aid in the diagnosis of gastric neoplasms and determine the application of endoscopic therapy by predicting the invasion depth.

Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms: A review

Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms(g-NENs)or neuroendocrine tumors are generally slow-growing tumors with increasing incidence.They arise from enterochromaffin like cells and are divided into four types according to clinical characteristic features.Type 1 and 2 are gastrin dependent,whereas type 3 and 4 are sporadic.The reason for hypergastrinemia is atrophic gastritis in type 1,and gastrin releasing tumor(gastrinoma)in type 2 g-NEN.The diagnosis of g-NENs needs histopathological investigation taken by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.g-NENs are positively stained with chomogranin A and synaptophysin.Grading is made with mitotic index and ki-67 proliferation index on histopathological analysis.It is crucial to discriminate between types of g-NENs,because the management,treatment and prognosis differ significantly between subtypes.Treatment options for g-NENs include endoscopic resection,surgical resection with or without antrectomy,medical treatment with somatostatin analogues,netazepide or chemotherapy regimens.Follow-up without excision is another option in appropriate cases.The prognosis of type 1 and 2 g-NENs are good,whereas the prognosis of type 3 and 4 g-NENs are close to the prognosis of gastric adenocancer.

Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms type 1: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND To date, the histopathological parameters predicting the risk of lymph node (LN) metastases and local recurrence, associated mortality and appropriateness of endoscopic or surgical resection in patients with gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms type 1 (GNENs1) have not been fully elucidated. AIM To determine the rate of LN metastases and its impact in survival in patients with GNEN1 in relation to certain clinico-pathological parameters. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched through January 2019. The quality of the included studies and risk of bias were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) in accordance with the Cochrane guidelines. A random effects model and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95%CI were applied for the quantitative meta-analysis. RESULTS We screened 2933 articles. Thirteen studies with 769 unique patients with GNEN1 were included. Overall, the rate of metastasis to locoregional LNs was 3.3%(25/769). The rate of LN metastases with a cut-off size of 10 mm was 15.3% for lesions > 10 mm (vs 0.8% for lesions < 10 mm) with a random-effects OR of 10.5 (95%CI: 1.4 -80.8;heterogeneity: P = 0.126;I2 = 47.5%). Invasion of the muscularis propria was identified as a predictor for LN metastases (OR: 17.2;95%CI: 1.8-161.1;heterogeneity: P = 0.165;I2 = 44.5%), whereas grade was not clearly associated with LN metastases (OR: 2;95%CI: 0.3-11.6;heterogeneity: P = 0.304;I2 = 17.4%). With regard to GNEN1 local recurrence, scarce data were available. The 5-year disease-specific survival for patients with and without LN metastases was 100% in most available studies irrespective of the type of intervention. Surgical resection was linked to a lower risk of recurrence (OR: 0.3;95%CI: 0.1-1.1;heterogeneity: P = 0.173;I2 = 31.9%). The reported complication rates of endoscopic and surgical intervention were 0.6 and 3.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis confirms that tumor size ≥ 10 mm and invasion of the muscularis propria are linked to a higher risk of LN metastases in patients with GNEN1. Overall, the metastatic propensity of GNEN1 is low with favorable 5- year disease-specific survival rates reported;hence, no clear evidence of the prognostic value of LN positivity is available. Additionally, there is a lack of evidence supporting the prediction of local recurrence in GNEN1, even if surgery was more often a definitive treatment.

Clutch Cutter knife efficacy in endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric neoplasms

AIM To compare the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) for gastric neoplasms using Clutch Cutter(ESD-C) or other knives(ESD-O).METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study. Gastric neoplasms treated by ESD between April 2016 and October 2017 at Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center were reviewed. Multivariate analyses and propensity score matching were used to reduce biases. Covariates included factors that might affect outcomes of ESD, including age, sex, underlying disease, anti-thrombotic drugs use, tumor location, tumor position, tumor size, tumor depth, tumor morphology, tumor histology, ulcer(scar), and operator skill. The treatment outcomes were compared among two groups. The primary outcome was ESD procedure time. Secondary outcomes were en bloc, complete, and curative resection rates, and adverse events rates including perforation and delayed bleeding.RESULTS A total of 155 patients were included in this study; 44 pairs were created by propensity score matching. Background characteristics were quite similar among two groups after matching. Procedure time was significantly shorter for ESD-C(median; 49 min) than for ESD-O(median; 88.5 min)(P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in treatment outcomes between ESD-C and ESD-O including en bloc resection rate(100% in both groups), complete resection rate(100% in both groups), curative resection rate(86.4% vs 88.6%, P = 0.730), delayed bleeding(2.3% vs 6.8%, P = 0.62) and perforation(0% in both groups).CONCLUSION ESD-C achieved shorter procedure time without an increase in complication risk. Therefore, ESD-C could become an effective ESD option for gastric neoplasms.

Gastric dysplasia may be an independent risk factor of an advanced colorectal neoplasm

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between gastric dysplasia and Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) and the occurrence of colorectal adenoma, and to defi ne the necessity for colonoscopy in patients with gastric dysplasia or H pylori infection.METHODS: From May 2005 to February 2008, 133 patients with established gastric dysplasia by gastroduo-denoscopy (EGD) were additionally investigated by colonoscopy. The authors compared results with those of 213 subjects who underwent both EGD and colonoscopy during the same period at the author’s Health Promotion Center as a control group. H pylori infection was evaluated in both the gastric dysplasia and control groups.RESULTS: The mean age of all 346 study subjects was 54.1 ± 10.5 years, and there were 258 (73%) men and 87 (27%) women. No signif icant difference was found between the H pylori positive and negative subjects in terms of the prevalence of colorectal adenoma and advanced colorectal adenoma (P = 0.261). Patients with gastric dysplasia showed no elevated risk of colorectal adenoma (OR = 0.910, 95% CI: 0.587-1.411, P = 0.738), but had a signif icantly higher risk of having advanced colorectal adenoma (OR = 3.382, 95% CI: 1.700-6.342, P = 0.000).CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes the need for colon surveillance in patients with gastric dysplasia, regardless of H pylori infection.

Nomogram based on tumor-associated neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio to predict survival of patients with gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms

AIM To assess the predictive value of the tumor-associated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in terms of the clinical outcomes of patients with gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms after radical surgery.METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from 142 patients who were diagnosed with gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms and who underwent radical gastrectomy at our department from March 2006 to March 2015. These data were retrospectively analyzed, and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify the optimal value of the tumorassociated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were used to identify prognostic factors. A nomogram was then applied to predict clinical outcomes after surgery.RESULTS The tumor-associated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly associated with tumor recurrence, especially with liver metastasis and lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05 for both), but not with clinical characteristics(P > 0.05 for all). A multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the tumor-associatedneutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival and overall survival(P < 0.05 for both). The concordance index of the nomograms, which included the tumorassociated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Ki-67 index, and lymph node ratio, was 0.788(0.759) for recurrence-free survival(overall survival) and was higher than the concordance index of the traditional TNM staging system [0.672(0.663)].CONCLUSION The tumor-associated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms. Nomograms that include the tumor-associated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Ki-67 index, and lymph node ratio have a superior ability to predict clinical outcomes of postoperative patients.

miR-126过表达和ADAM9基因沉默对胃癌SGC-7901细胞生物学行为的影响及其机制

目的:探讨微小RNA-126(miR-126)过表达和解整联蛋白金属蛋白酶9(ADAM9)基因沉默对胃癌细胞生物学行为的影响,并阐明其作用机制。方法:体外培养人胃低分化腺癌SGC-7901细胞和人正常胃黏膜上皮NGEC细胞,提取细胞中总RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测2种细胞中miR-126和ADAM9 mRNA表达水平。将处于对数生长期的SGC-7901细胞分为miR-126过表达组(miR-126-OE组)和ADAM9基因沉默组(ADAM9 siRNA组),以LipofectamineTM 2000为载体分别转染miR-126模拟物(miR-126 mimics)和敲低ADAM9的RNA寡核苷酸,并设置相应的阴性对照组。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测各组细胞增殖活性,细胞划痕实验检测各组细胞迁移率,Transwell小室实验检测各组细胞的迁移细胞数和侵袭细胞数,Western blotting法检测各组细胞中E-钙黏蛋白、N-钙黏蛋白和波形蛋白表达水平。TargerScan网站预测miR-126的靶基因并通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-126和ADAM9的靶向调控关系,采用RT-qPCR法和Western blotting法检测转染miR-126 mimics后SGC-7901细胞中ADAM9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果:RT-qPCR法检测,与人正常胃黏膜上皮NGEC细胞比较,胃癌SGC-7901细胞中miR-126表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),而ADAM9mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。MTT法检测,SGC-7901细胞过表达miR-126或沉默ADAM9基因48和72 h后,与相应阴性对照组比较,miR-126 OE组和ADAM9 siRNA组细胞增殖活性均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。细胞划痕实验检测,与相应阴性对照组比较,48 h后miR-126 OE组和ADAM9 siRNA组细胞迁移率明显降低(P<0.05)。Transwell小室实验检测,与相应阴性对照组比较,miR-126 OE组和ADAM9 siRNA组迁移细胞数和侵袭细胞数明显减少(P<0.05或P<0.01)。Western blotting法检测,与相应阴性对照组比较,miR-126-OE组和ADAM9 siRNA组细胞中E-钙黏蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),而N-钙黏蛋白和波形蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。靶基因预测,ADAM9的3´-UTR含有与miR-126-3p互补的核苷酸序列。双荧光素酶报告基因实验,ADAM9是miR-126靶向负调控的下游基因。SGC-7901细胞转染miR-126 mimics 48 h后,与mimics NC组比较,miR-126 OE组细胞中ADAM9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:胃癌SGC-7901细胞中miR-126低表达而ADAM9基因高表达。miR-126过表达可抑制胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖活性、迁移和侵袭能力,其机制可能与miR-126靶向负调控ADAM9并抑制胃癌细胞的上皮-间质转化(EMT)进程有关。

黏蛋白MUC13对胃癌预后及生物学行为的影响

目的:探讨黏蛋白MUC13在胃癌(GC)患者中的预后价值以及对GC细胞生物学行为的影响。方法:TCGA数据库分析MUC基因在GC组织中的表达水平。采用Spearman秩相关分析MUC基因之间表达的相关性,GO功能富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集探究MUC基因潜在的生物学功能。基于单因素COX回归筛选与GC预后显著相关的MUC基因。通过免疫荧光检测MUC13的表达水平,并分析其与GC预后等临床病理特征的关系。siRNA敲低GC细胞中MUC13后,利用CCK-8、集落形成以及Transwell实验观察其对GC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。结果:MUC1、MUC2、MUC3A、MUC4、MCU5B、MUC12、MUC13等基因在GC组织中表达均显著上调(P<0.05),主要富集在消化系统过程、上皮结构维持、顶端质膜、唾液分泌等途径。其中,MUC13与GC患者的不良预后(Log-rank P<0.05)、年龄(P<0.001)及肿瘤大小(P=0.035)密切相关。细胞学实验表明敲低MUC13后,GC细胞的增殖能力明显下降(P<0.05),但迁移和侵袭能力无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论:高表达的MUC13与胃癌的不良预后密切相关,参与肿瘤进展的调控,是胃癌潜在的治疗靶点和预后标志物。

基于JAK/STAT信号通路探讨PRELID1表达在胃癌恶性生物学行为中的作用

目的探讨相关进化和淋巴兴趣域蛋白1(PRELID1)在胃癌组织中的表达及对预后的影响,并分析其影响胃癌细胞增殖和侵袭能力的机制。方法利用TCGA数据库和111例胃癌患者的临床数据分析PRELID1在胃癌组织中的表达,并分析PRELID1表达与临床病理特征的关系及对预后的影响。生物信息学技术预测PRELID1的生物学功能,并进一步采用体外和体内实验验证。体外实验检测慢病毒调控胃癌细胞系(MGC803)中PRELID1的表达,并观察其对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。利用裸鼠皮下成瘤体内实验观察PRELID1表达对胃癌组织生长的影响。结果PRELID1在胃癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织(P<0.001)且与Ki67增殖指数呈正相关(P<0.001)。Cox回归模型分析显示,PRELID1高表达是影响胃癌患者根治术后5年生存率的独立危险因素(HR=2.336;95%CI=1.354~4.029)。基因富集结果显示,PRELID1的功能与细胞增殖和JAK/STAT信号有关。CCK-8和Transwell实验发现上调PRELID1表达可促进胃癌细胞的增殖(P=0.016)、迁移(P=0.016)和侵袭(P=0.025),下调其表达则抑制胃癌细胞的增殖(P=0.026)、迁移(P=0.048)和侵袭(P=0.029);裸鼠皮下成瘤实验发现上调PRELID1表达可促进胃癌组织的生长(P=0.047),下调其表达结果相反(P=0.005)。Western blot法检测结果显示,上调PRELID1表达可促进胃癌细胞和胃癌组织中JAK和STAT蛋白的表达(P均<0.05),下调则抑制(P均<0.05)。结论PRELID1在胃癌组织中呈高表达且与预后不良相关,其可能通过上调JAK/STAT信号调控胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。

1024×1024重建矩阵结合迭代重建算法在胃部CT血管成像中的应用

目的 探究1 024×1 024重建矩阵结合迭代重建(Karl)算法在胃部血管及肿瘤供血动脉CT血管成像中的应用价值。资料与方法 前瞻性收集大连医科大学附属第一医院2022年3—6月行胃部CT血管成像的胃部肿瘤患者30例,对CT扫描图像原始数据进行分组重建。A组采用常规512×512矩阵结合Karl 5级重建;B组采用1 024×1 024大重建矩阵结合不同等级Karl算法重建,分为B1(Karl 5)、B2(Karl 7)及B3(Karl 9)3个亚组。在轴位图像上测量胃左动脉起始部的腹主动脉、腹腔干、脾动脉、肝动脉及同层面腹壁皮下脂肪组织的CT值和SD值,计算信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)。由2名观察者采用5分法评估各组图像质量。结果 2名观察者主观评价一致性较好(Kappa=0.782~0.789,P<0.05),B1~B3组图像主观评分均优于A组,B2组得分最高(二维评分:χ^(2)=27.309、24.250;三维评分:χ^(2)=21.964、21.294;P均<0.05),30例患者中25例见胃动脉系统参与肿瘤供血,B2组各血管的清晰显示率均优于A组;A与B1、B2组各血管CT值差异无统计学意义(t=-1.918~2.720,P>0.05),B2组较A组血管SD值、SNR、CNR和背景噪声值,除腹主动脉SD、肝动脉CNR外差异均无统计学意义(t=-5.909~5.768,P>0.05);B1~3组图像随着Karl算法等级提高,SD值逐渐降低(F=2.881~27.109,P<0.05),SNR、CNR逐渐升高(F=3.612~12.149,P<0.05)。结论 1 024×1 024重建矩阵结合Karl 7级算法可以改善图像质量,增强胃部微细血管及肿瘤供血动脉分支的显示效果,在临床上有很好的应用价值。

沉默FOXK1基因对胃癌HGC-27细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的:探讨沉默叉头框K1(FOXK1)对胃癌HGC-27细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,并阐明其可能的机制。方法:基于基因表达水平值的交互式分析平台(GEPIA)数据库查询在胃癌组织和正常胃组织中FOXK1 mRNA表达水平;利用化学合成的si-FOXK1体外转染胃癌HGC-27细胞,实验分为空白对照组、nc-FOXK1组和si-FOXK1组,采用Western blotting法评估各组的转染效率,MTT法检测si-FOXK1转染后各组胃癌HGC-27细胞的增殖能力,克隆形成实验检测si-FOXK1转染后各组胃癌HGC-27细胞的克隆形成数,细胞划痕实验检测si-FOXK1转染后各组胃癌HGC-27细胞的迁移率,Transwell小室实验检测si-FOXK1转染后各组胃癌HGC-27细胞的细胞迁移数和细胞侵袭数,Western blotting法检测si-FOXK1转染后各组胃癌HGC-27细胞中核因子κB(NF-κB)通路相关蛋白[NF-κB p65和磷酸化核因子κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)]的表达水平。结果:GEPIA数据库查询,在胃癌组织中FOXK1 mRNA表达水平高于正常胃组织(P<0.05);Western blotting法检测,在胃癌HGC-27细胞中FOXK1蛋白表达水平高于人正常胃黏膜GES-1细胞(P<0.01);与空白对照组和nc-FOXK1组比较,si-FOXK1组FOXK1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01);MTT法检测,与空白对照组和nc-FOXK1组比较,si-FOXK1组胃癌HGC-27细胞的增殖能力降低(P<0.05);克隆形成实验检测,与空白对照组和nc-FOXK1组比较,si-FOXK1组胃癌HGC-27细胞克隆形成数减少(P<0.05);细胞划痕实验检测,与空白对照组和nc-FOXK1组比较,si-FOXK1组胃癌细胞的迁移率降低(P<0.05);Transwell小室实验检测,与空白对照组和nc-FOXK1组比较,si-FOXK1组胃癌HGC-27细胞的迁移细胞数和侵袭细胞数明显减少(P<0.05);Western blotting法检测,与空白对照组和nc-FOXK1组比较,si-FOXK1组胃癌HGC-27细胞中p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05)。结论:FOXK1在胃癌HGC-27细胞中高表达,沉默FOXK1可抑制胃癌HGC-27细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,其作用机制可能与NF-κB通路有关。

能谱CT碘基值预测局部进展期胃腺癌新辅助化疗疗效

目的:探讨基线期能谱CT碘基值预测局部进展期胃腺癌新辅助化疗(NAC)后病理学反应的应用价值。方法:2021年1月至2021年12月间,前瞻性对拟行新辅助化疗联合手术治疗的局部进展期胃腺癌患者于治疗前1周内行能谱CT动脉期、静脉期和延迟期三期增强扫描。收集患者临床病理信息,测量增强各期胃癌病灶的碘基值(IC),并除以主动脉碘基值得到标化碘基值(nIC)。根据术后AJCC肿瘤退缩分级(TRG)标准分为病理缓解良好组(TRG=0+1)和病理缓解不良组(TRG=2+3)。比较两组间临床指标和碘基值的差异,采用多因素回归方法筛选胃癌NAC疗效的独立预测因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线和曲线下面积(AUC)评估IC值的预测效能。结果:筛选出符合条件的患者70例,其中男55例,女15例,年龄范围30~71岁,中位年龄59岁。病理缓解良好22例,缓解不良48例。缓解良好组的静脉期标化碘基值(nICVP)、延迟期标化碘基值(nICDP)值低于缓解不良组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.391、2.270,P均<0.05);回归分析结果显示nICVP和CT报告淋巴结状态是胃癌NAC疗效的独立预测指标,联合两者的诺模图预测胃癌NAC后病理学反应的AUC为0.821(95%CI:0.711~0.902),依次高于nICVP、联合nICVP和nICDP、nICDP(Z=2.306、2.161、2.228,P均<0.05),以诺模图分数>0.684为诊断阈值,其预测病理缓解不良的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为75.00%、81.80%、65.58%、87.71%。结论:基线期胃癌病灶nICVP和nICDP能鉴别新辅助化疗后不同病理缓解状态,nICVP和CT报告淋巴结状态是预测新辅助化疗疗效的独立风险因素,联合两者能进一步提高预测效能。

胃癌抗氧化相关lncRNAs预后风险评分模型的构建及生信分析

目的:探讨抗氧化相关长链非编码RNAs(lncRNAs)预后风险评分模型对胃癌患者预后的判断价值以及与免疫微环境的关系。方法:通过TCGA数据库下载胃癌转录组数据和临床信息。通过lncRNAs和抗氧化基因的共表达分析得到抗氧化相关lncRNAs。使用单因素cox回归分析和lasso回归分析筛选并构建风险评分。采用Log-Rank检验比较两组间的生存差异。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估预后风险模型对患者预后判断的特异性及敏感度。结合风险评分和临床参数构建列线图。TIMER2.0在线评估每个样本的免疫细胞浸润情况。TIDE网站在线分析每个样本对免疫治疗敏感性。结果:通过单因素cox回归分析和lasso回归分析构建了一个包括12个lncRNAs的风险评分。风险评分是患者预后的独立影响因素[HR=5.406(3.131~9.335),P<0.001]。风险评分与多种抑制性免疫细胞浸润呈正相关(M2型巨噬细胞、肿瘤相关成纤维细胞)。同时发现,高风险组存多种免疫检查点基因的异常表达,TIDE评分更高,提示高风险组对免疫治疗更敏感。结论:基于抗氧化相关lncRNAs风险评分和临床参数构建的列线图对胃癌患者预后具有良好的预测作用,风险评分可作为临床个体化免疫治疗的参考。

胃癌病人术前贫血危险因素及术后并发症情况分析

目的:探讨胃癌(GC)病人术前贫血情况、危险因素及术后并发症,为围手术期的处理提供依据。方法:对某三级医院500例GC病人围手术期的临床资料进行分析,探讨GC病人术前贫血情况、危险因素及术后并发症。结果:500例病人中,贫血病人212例(42.4%),非贫血病人288例(57.6%);贫血组与非贫血组在年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW-CV)、血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、三酰甘油(TG)及总胆固醇(TCH)指标上差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);单因素分析显示,年龄≥65岁、合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、腹部手术史、BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2)、营养风险筛查(NRS2002)≥3分、营养不良、TNM分期(Ⅲ+Ⅳ期)、肿瘤直径>4 cm、分化程度、淋巴结转移、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖链抗原125(CA125)和糖类抗原199(CA199)水平与GC病人术前贫血有关(P<0.05~P<0.01);logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥65岁,营养不良和肿瘤直径>4 cm是GC病人术前贫血的独立危险因素(P<0.05~P<0.01);与非贫血组相比,贫血组病人术后发热、肺部感染和营养不良并发症明显增加(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论:胃癌病人术前贫血的危险因素较多,其中年龄≥65岁、营养不良和肿瘤直径>4 cm是GC病人术前贫血的独立危险因素;术前贫血增加了病人术后发热、肺部感染及营养不良并发症的发生率。