中国近海蛾螺科(Gastropoda:Buccinidae)种类齿舌的扫描电镜观察

本研究选取了中国近海蛾螺科动物16属,共计21种,进行了齿舌解剖,利用扫描电子显微镜对齿舌进行了观察,并对其形态特征进行了研究对比。结果证明,蛾螺科种类的齿舌齿式为1·1·1。通过研究发现蛾螺科动物的齿舌形态结构包括形状、排列方式以及齿尖数目虽然在属内、种内有一定的变化,但仍可以作为蛾螺科种类的分类依据之一,从而将各属、种区分开来。此外,本研究确认了在火红土产螺Pisania ignea(Gmelin,1791)中存在着齿舌两性异型现象。

Three species of Siphonalia Adams, 1863(Gastropoda, Buccinidae) from China seas, with descriptions of two new species

Three species of Siphonalia A. Adams, 1863 collected from the East and South China Seas are described and illustrated. Species were identified during re-sorting of the Buccinidae collection in the Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao. Siphonal ia marybethi Parth, 1996, from South China Sea, is recorded from the coast of China for the first time. S iphonalia leei sp. nov., from off Kueishan Island, Taiwan Island, most closely resembles S. fusoides(Reeve, 1846), but differs from it in having a relatively small spire with a flattened profile, more recurved siphonal canal and much smaller adult shell size. In shape and sculpture S. nanshaensis sp. nov., from the Nansha Islands(Spratly Islands), is most similar to S. mikado Melvill, 1888, but that species differs from it in having a more angulate teleoconch whorl with irregularly spaced spiral cords, less constricted shell base, and small parietal tooth on the inner lip.

Three new species of Genus Cryptonatica (Gastropoda,Naticidae) from Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass

This report based on the results of investigations conducted in June 2007 and July 2008, respectively, on the benthic community structure and characteristic diversity of the Huanghai Sea （Yellow Sea） Cold Water Mass, as well as that in July 1959 during the national oceanic survey. The Naticidae specimens collected from Cold Water Mass in middle and northern Huanghai Sea were studied through morphological classification and the internal anatomy on radula. Three new species of Naticidae, i.e., Cryptonatica purpurfunda sp. nov., Cryptonatica sphaera sp. nov., and Cryptonatica striatica sp. nov. were identified. The morphological characteristics of the new species are described, and the similarties and differences between the new species and similar species are compared and discussed.

Three New Records of Gastropoda(Mollusca) from the Nansha Islands,China

The Nansha Islands, China, have extremely high marine biodiversity and hundreds of mollusks have been reported there. Benthos resources investigations of the intertidal and subtidal zone around the Nansha Islands have been continuously performed for decades, and recently, dozens of new species and new records of mollusks have been reported from this area. This paper dealt with three new record species of the Gastropoda from Chinese waters: Cerithium salebrosum Sowerby II, 1855, Vexillum militare(Reeve, 1845) and Vexillum bizonale(Dautzenberg et Bouge, 1923), respectively belonging to three families: Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822, and Costellariidae Mac Donald, 1860. All specimens were collected from the Nansha Islands during the benthos resources investigations on the intertidal zone of islands and reefs in the South China Sea in recent years. Diagnosis and geographic descriptions of both genus and species, illustrations of each species were given in this contribution, and discussion of taxonomy, identification features and faunal characteristics were presented. All examined specimens were deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

A new spceies of N assarius(Gastropoda,Nassariidae)from the northern China seas

A new species, Nassarius （Zeuxis） humeratus n. sp. of Nassariidae was described based on the specimens collected in the Huanghai Sea （Yellow Sea） and Bohai Sea during the expedition from 1958 to 1959. The new species was distinguished from similar species Nassarius （Zeuxis） bolangoi （Ladd, 1976） and Nassarius （Varicinassa） variciferus （A. Adams, 1852） in shell characteristics. Some relative discussion was provided. The new species mainly distributes in the subtidal zone of 30–53 m depth, in muddy and sandy bottom in the Bohai Sea and northern Huanghai Sea.

Two new species of Naticidae (Mollusca,Gastropoda) from the coast of China

Two new species of Naticidae （ Mollusca, Gastropoda） collected from the coast of China are described： Cryptonaitca huanghaien- s/s sp. nov. and Sinum vittatum sp. nov. The morphological characteristics between the new species were described and the related information was provided. The similarities and differences between the new species and related species were also compared and discussed. The new species Cryptonaitca huanghaiensis differed from Cryptonaitca hirasei and Cryptonaitca andoi in outer shape, operculum and radula. The new species Sinum vittatum is similar to Sinumjaponicum （Lischke, 1869）, but the shell of the former is flat-elliptical in shape, spire very small, slightly convex. While the latter is flat-globular in shape, apex light brown in color, without a brown band on the body whorl. The comparison results revealed that Cryptonaitca huanghaiensis and Sinum vittatum were two new species from the coast of China. Specimens studied were obtained from collections in the Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

New records of a genus and a species of Neritidae (Mollusca:Gastropoda:Cycloneritimorpha) from the South China Sea

A neritid species Vittina pennata （von Born, 1778） is reported for the first time from the South China Sea. This is also the first report of this genus from Chinese waters. The specimen was collected from the Sanya Harbor, Hainan Province, China and deposited in Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Detailed descriptions of its shell feature are presented. Differences between this species, Vittina coromandeliana and Neritina pulligera are compared and discussed.

Descriptions of four new species of the genus Reticunassa Iredale,1936(Gastropoda:Nassariidae)from the northeastern coast of Taiwan Island and the South China Sea

In the present study,four new species of the genus Reticunassa Iredale,1936 collected from Chinese waters are described and illustrated.Reticunassa hugokooli sp.nov.,Reticunassa jungi sp.nov.and Reticunassa aureolineata sp.nov.were collected from the northeastern coast of Taiwan Island,whereas Reticunassa fuscofasciata sp.nov.was collected from the northeastern coast of Taiwan Island and the South China Sea.The four new species can be distinguished conchologically from other congeners mainly in protoconch,shell shape,sculpture,and coloration.These findings demonstrate that the biodiversity of this group in China might be largely underestimated.

Two new species of the genus Nassarius(Gastropoda:Nassariidae) from the South China Sea

Two species of Nassarius Duméril, 1805 from the South China Sea are described and illustrated. The specimens are in the Nassariidae collection of the Marine Biological Museum of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao.Nassarius concavus sp. nov., from the sandy bottom at a depth of 180 m, resembles Nassarius glabrus Zhang and Zhang, 2014 in general shell morphology, but differs from the latter in having a smaller, more slender adult shell without axial ribs on the upper teleoconch whorls. Nassarius nanshaensis sp. nov., from the Nansha Islands at a depth of 56–147 m, is similar to Nassarius maxiutongi Zhang, Zhang and Li, 2019 in the shell sculpture, but differs in having a more slender shell with a higher spire, and fewer cusps on the rachidian tooth(9–11 vs. 13–17).

Distribution and number change of the Littorinidae (Gastropoda) on intertidal hard bed in the Jiulong River Estuary

There are 4 species of Littorinidae on the intertidal hard bed in the Jiulong River Estu-ary. They are Littorina scabra, L. brevicula, Nodilittorina pyramidalis pyramidalis and N.millegrana. Of these species, L. scabra is a dominant species. According to the results of in-vestigation, we find distribution patterns of the Littorinidae on intertidal hard bed in theestuary as follows: (1)There is no Littorinid species at Haicheng Station. (2)There is only Lit-

New Records for GASTROPODA Class of Species Found in the Rocky Intertidal Zone of the Marine Priority Region 32,Guerrero,Mexico

The GASTROPODA class, one of the best known marine environments, is formed by a large number of species and the shape of their shell structure varies greatly. These mollusks are distributed from the intertidal zone all the way to the abyssal zone, and there are also swimming and floating species. This research was conducted at seven sites, located in the Marina Priority Region 32 (MPR 32), located in the State of Guerrero, Mexico. The aim of this report is to document the scope of the geographic distribution of the 34 species of GASTROPODA class. 11,263 total specimens were analyzed. 108 species were identified, of which four species are new records for Mexico, 15 for the Transitional Mexican Pacific, 11 for the State of Guerrero and four for the MPR 32. Here we report a significant number of new records of species of class GASTROPODA found on the rocky intertidal zone of the MPR 32. The reporting of these new records, demonstrates the need to focus research efforts on the study of marine diversity, since knowledge in this respect is quite incomplete, especially regarding marine mollusks, a fact that has been reported by the National Commission for the Management and Use of Biodiversity.

The radular morphology of Nassariidae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) from China

The family Nassariidae includes a number of species that are distributed throughout the world. Each species has a characteristic shell shape, tooth shape, and behavior. However, the classification of species in this family of the Rhachiglossa is controversial. We describe the radulae of 22 species from China in detail using optical and scanning electron microscopy. These species are considered to be representatives of two subfamilies, two genera, and 10 subgenera. Our results suggest that the morphology of the central tooth and the pair of lateral teeth and the presence or absence of a pair of intermediate accessory lateral teeth could be used to distinguish among species. We found no support for the subgeneric differentiation of the species. However, the presence or absence of the intermediate lateral accessory plate was characteristic of species divisions. We noted sexual dimorphism in the shape of the teeth in some species, and considerable variability of the shape of teeth within a single species. Based on our results, the genus Nassarius cannot be split into subgenera using radula morphology.

Morphological analysis of the Chinese Cipangopaludina species(Gastropoda; Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae)

Viviparidae are widely distributed around the globe, but there are considerable gaps in the taxonomic record. To date, 18 species of the viviparid genus Cipangopaludina have been recorded in China, but there is substantial disagreement on the validity of this taxonomy. In this study, we described the shell and internal traits of these species to better discuss the validity of related species. We found that C. ampulliformis is synonym of C. lecythis, and C. wingatei is synonym of C. chinensis, while C. ampullacea and C. fluminalis are subspecies of C. lecythis and C. chinensis, respectively. C. dianchiensis should be paled in the genus Margarya, while C. menglaensis and C. yunnanensis belong to genus Mekongia. Totally, this leaves 11 species and 2 subspecies recorded in China. Based on whether these specimens' spiral whorl depth was longer than aperture depth, these species or subspecies can be further divided into two groups, viz. chinensis group and cathayensis group, which can be determined from one another via the ratio of spiral depth and aperture depth, vas deferens and number of secondary branches of vas deferens. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis indicated that body whorl depth, shell width, aperture width and aperture length were main variables during species of Cipangopaludina. A key to all valid Chinese Cipangopaludina species were given.

A new species of Nassarius(Gastropoda:Nassariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean

This paper describes a new species of Nassarius from the South China Sea,which was recognized when re-sorting the collection of Nassariidae in the Marine Biological Museum,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,China.The shells were collected during several investigations,including the National Comprehensive Oceanic Survey in 1958-1959,and the China-Vietnam Co-Investigation on Marine Resource of the Beibu Gulf during 1959-1962.The morphology of the shell and the radula places the new species of Nassarius within the subgenus Zeuxis.It is named Nassarius(Zeuxis) nanhaiensis sp.nov.

Two new records of Pyramidellidae(Gastropoda,Heterobranchia)from China seas

This paper reports two species of the family Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), Otopleura nitida (A. Adams, 1854) and Rugadentia manzakiana (Yokoyama, 1922). The former was from the South China Sea and the latter was from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The study was based on the collections deposited in the Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is for the first time that these species have been recorded in China seas. In the current contribution, we describe and illustrate these two species, and compare them with similar species.

A new species of Cerithium(Gastropoda: Cerithiidae) from the South China Sea

Specimens of a new species of Cerithiidae, Cerithium mangrovum n. sp., were collected during two surveys along the coasts of Hainan and Guangdong Province, China. Usually associated with potamidid snails, this species often occurs in large populations between the mid-high tidal zones in a range of habitats, including mangroves, grass beds, silt, mud, and coral reefs. C. mangrovum n. sp. has a slender and tapering shell and the straight-sided whorl bears three aligned beaded spiral cords. The thick outer lip has a wide posterior sinus. It morphologically resembles C. coralium Kiener, 1841. The shell of C. coralium is usually larger and wider and the spiral cords are not as beaded as in C. mangrovum n. sp. Its radula has a rachidian tooth with a shallow, wide, median basal projection while the rachidian tooth of C. mangrovum n. sp. has a moderately long, median basal projection.

A new species of Lataxiena Jousseaume,1883(Gastropoda:Muricidae) from the East and South China Seas

A new muricid gastropod species,L ataxiena lutescena sp. nov.,is described and illustrated. The new species was recognized during reidentification of the Muricidae collection in the Marine Biological Museum,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao. The specimens of the new species were collected from the East and South China Seas off Fujian,Guangdong,and Hainan Provinces. Lataxiena lutescena sp. nov. is similar to Lataxiena blosvillei(Deshayes,1832) in general shape,but can be distinguished from the latter by the shell sculpture and radular characteristics. Lataxiena lutescena sp. nov. also resembles Lataxiena bombayana(Melvill,1893),but differs from that species in the shell shape and anal notches and in lacking short spines on the shell.

响应面法优化天麻发酵液发酵工艺

以Box-Behnken中心组合响应面试验设计法,优化天麻发酵液的最优发酵工艺。以鲜天麻为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,建立发酵时间、菌种添加量以及初始pH值对活菌数影响的二次多项回归模型,并验证模型的有效性。结果显示,天麻发酵液的最优发酵工艺条件为发酵时间42 h、菌种添加量1.26%、初始pH5.5,以此条件得到的天麻发酵液中活菌数为8.7 lg(CFU/mL),与模型预测值基本吻合。实测结果与回归模型的相对误差为0.73%,说明采用响应面法优化得到的发酵条件可靠,有助于天麻发酵液衍生产品的深度开发。

中国近海核果螺属和小核螺属(腹足纲,骨螺科,红螺亚科)的分类研究

核果螺属(Drupa)和小核果螺属(Drupella),隶属于骨螺科(Muricidae)、红螺亚科(Rapaninae)。它们为暖水性较强的热带种类,主要分布于南中国海(海南岛以南),栖息于潮间带至浅海珊瑚礁或岩礁质环境中。对中国科学院海洋生物标本馆收藏的骨螺科标本进行了整理分类,共鉴定出2属,7种。并对以往使用混乱的种名进行了修订。

中国近海刍秣螺亚科的研究(腹足纲,骨螺科)

为了摸清中国沿海分布的刍秣螺亚科(Ocenebrinae)的物种数量,以及分布状况和生活习性,完成刍秣螺亚科的系统分类研究。采用传统的形态分类学方法,对中国科学院海洋研究所历年来在中国沿海采集的刍秣螺亚科标本进行了整理分类,共鉴定出刍秣螺亚科4属,9种,其中1种在中国沿海为首次报道。文中对刍秣螺亚科动物的形态特征、习性及地理分布等进行了较详细的描述。